• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2001년도 추계 학술발표강연 및 논문개요집
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• pp.99-99
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• 2001

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.104-112
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the quality characteristics of white pan bread according to the different types of water (tap water (still water), purified water, still water, light water, classical water, and bold water). Pan breads were statistically analyzed using texture profile analysis, fermentation, texture, suitability, image analysis, color, moisture content, and statistical analysis. This result will contribute to the commercialization of pan bread using various kinds of water. Ultimately, we analyzed the quality characteristics of various kinds of water, depending on the carbonic acid content on the dough and the pan bread, and to derive the optimum kinds and ratios of the water to be applied to the pan bread. As a result of the study, the best findings were obtained with water containing carbonic acid content more than the classical water according to overall characteristics, durability (Width of Tail and Integral), foot efficiency, softness, volume and preference check. Therefore, when white pan bread is produced by using water containing a carbonic acid content (5~7.5 mg/L) or more of the classical water, it affects the quality characteristics and a good obtains positive response to from consumers. In this study, the quality characteristics of pan bread based different kinds of water which were not available in the past, and the quality characteristics of pan bread, which can be used as the basic data for future research, were well analyzed.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.881-888
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• 2010

산 함량이 많은 원료로 포도주를 제조할 경우 감산의 한 방법으로 이용하는 CM처리에 있어, CM처리 온도가 포도주의 감산정도와 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실험을 수행하였다. 총산 함량에 있어 CM처리 온도가 높을수록 발효 5일째 총산함량은 큰 폭으로 감소하였으나 발효 9일째는 비슷한 것으로 나타났다. CM처리 5일째 포도의 유기산 함량은 CM-$35^{\circ}C$에서 사과산 함량이 가장 많이 감소하는 것으로 나타났고, 반면 젖산 함량은 가장 높게 나타났다. CM처리 온도가 높을수록 적색도와 총안토시아닌, 탄닌 함량 등이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 총폴리페놀 함량 및 항산화력 또한 CM-$35^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 휘발성분은 모든 처리에서 isoamyl alcohol 함량이 많았으며 1-propanol이 가장 적은 양을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과에서 CM처리는 포도의 유기산중에 사과산을 감소시킨다는 사실을 밝혀냈으며, 산함량이 많은 원료로 CM처리를 할 경우 $20^{\circ}C$보다 $35^{\circ}C$에서 처리하는 것이 감산을 시키는데 효과적이었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.527-532
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• 1992

The present paper describes temporal changes of immunohistochemical localization and quantities of carbonic anhydrase isozyme II (CA-II) prochymosin (PC) and pepsinogen (PN) in goat's abomasal mucosae during long term milk feeding. The CA-II was not detected by day 14 after birth and then became positive on day 34 in the parietal cells, suggesting that the excretion of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) begins between days 14 and 34 under a feeding condition without solid materials. The quantity of the PC in the gastric chief cells detected by the ELISA showed rapid increase from the day of birth, making a peak on day 8 and then gradually decreased with age. The decrease in quantity of PC became started during the time period when HCl excretion had not started yet. The quantities of PN in the gastric chief cells were almost stable during the whole period examined. Expressions of these gastric enzymes did not seem to be regulated by the change of feeding condition.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.186-190
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 삼세기(Shaggy sea raven, Hemitripterus villosus)를 실험 재료로 선택하여 Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes (CAs) 중의 하나인 CA III에 대한 연구를 SDS-PAGE, Isoelectric Focusing (IEF), Western blot analysis의 방법을 통하여 진행하였다. SDS-PAGE와 Western blot 결과 삼세기 아가미, 혈액, 장, 간, 신당, 근육, 심장조직에서 CA III의 분자량인 30 kDa의 band가 확인되었다. 삼세기의 근육과 아가미에 대한 등전점 전기영동(IEF)과 Western blot analysis 결과 pI 7.0 부근에서 band가 형성되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 SDS-PAGE와 IEF 실험결과 삼세기의 아가미 조직에서 CA III의 발현량이 다른 조직들에 비하여 우세하게 나타났다. 이는 아가미가 다른 조직들과 달리 어류의 생체기관 중 유일하게 외부와 직접 접촉이 가능한 조직으로서 활성산소에 대한 손상을 최소화하기 위한 것으로 사료된다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2017

In nucleation assisted crystallization process formed $CO_2$ leaves as colloid gas and is used as the template by the rapidly growing crystals in the nucleation site. This emulsion of $CaCO_3$ micro-crystals & $CO_2$ micro-bubbles forms hollow particles. Formed hollow particles are double walled, both internal and external faces belonging to the cleavage aragonites which separate the surrounding water from the enclosed gas cavity. Hence, the reverse reaction of $CO_2$ with water forming Carbonic Acid is not possible and the pH stability is maintained. In fact every excess $CaCO_3$ crystals are buffering any carbonic acid left over. This $CO_2$ based nucleation technology prevents scale formation in water channels, but it also helps to reduce the previously formed scales. This process takes out water dissolved $CO_2$ in almost-visible micro-bubbles forms that helps reducing previously formed scale over a period of time (depends on the usage period). The aragonite crystals can't form scale because of its stable molecular structure and neutral surface electro potentiality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.324-328
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• 2006

Carbonic anhydrase III (CA3) is a member of a multigene family that encode carbonic anhydrase isozymes. In this study, a complete coding sequence of the pig CA3 gene which encodes a 260 amino-acid protein was determined. The amino acid comparison showed high sequence similarities with previously identified human (86.5%) CA3 gene and mouse (91.5%) Car3 gene. The partial genomic DNA sequences were also investigated. The length of intron 1 was 727 bp. Comparative sequencing of three pig breeds revealed that there was a T${\rightarrow}$C substitution at position 363 within intron 1. The substitution was situated within a NcoI recognition site and was developed as a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker for further use in population variation investigations and association analysis. Two alleles (A and B) were identified, and 617 bp fragments were observed for the AA genotype and 236 bp and 381 bp fragments for the BB genotype. The polymorphism of CA3 was detected in 8 pig breeds. Allele B was predominant in the Western pig breeds. In addition, association studies of the CA3 polymorphism with carcass traits in 140 $Yorkshire{\times}Meishan$ $F_2$ offspring showed that the NcoI PCR- RFLP genotype may be associated with variation in several carcass traits of interest for pig breeding. Allele B was associated with increases in lean meat percentage, loin eye height and loin eye area. Statistically significant association with backfat thickness was also found; pigs with the AB genotype had much less backfat thickness than AA or BB genotypes.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2022

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a key controller of the carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM), and is known to be affected by ambient pH and CO₂ compositions. Herein, we characterized three novel CAs genes (PmCA1, 2, and 3) from the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, and evaluated the relative expressions of the PmCAs and photosynthetic genes PmatpB and PmrbcL under different pH conditions. Each PmCA was predicted to have amino acid residues constituting the zinc binding site. With signal peptide, PmCA1 and PmCA2 were predicted to be intracellular CAs located in the cytoplasm and chloroplast membrane, respectively. On the other hand, PmCA3 was predicted to be extracellular CA located in the plasma membrane. Also, PmCA1 was classified into the beta family, and PmCA2 and PmCA3 were classified into the alpha family via phylogenic analysis. The photosynthesis efficiency of P. minimum was similar at pH 7 to 9, and decreased significantly at pH 6 and pH 10. Overall, relative gene expression levels of the three PmCAs decreased at low pH, and increased as pH increased. Photosynthesis related genes, PmatpB and PmrbcL, showed similar expression patterns to those of PmCAs. These results suggest that changes in seawater pH may affect photosynthesis and CO₂ metabolism in marine dinoflagellates.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.709-714
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• 2014

Protein tyrosine nitration is considered as an important indicator of nitrosative stresses and as one of the main factors for pathogenesis of inflammation and neuronal degeneration. In this study, we investigated various nitrosative modifications of bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) through qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis using the combined strategy of Fourier transformation ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (IT-MS/MS). FT-ICR MS and its spectra were used for the search of the pattern of nitrosative modifications. Identification of nitrosatively modified tyrosine sites were executed through IT-MS/MS. In addition, we also tried to infer the reason for the site-specific nitrosative modifications in CAII. In view of the above purpose, we have explored- i) the side chain accessibility, ii) the electrostatic environment originated from the acidic/basic amino acid residues neighboring to the nitrosatively modified site and iii) the existence of competing amino acid residues for nitration.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2008

The sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) protein is functionally expressed in salivary glands. In this experiment, we examined the role of NBC in $HCO_3^-$ formation in human parotid gland acinar cells. Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured in 2'-7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF)-loaded cells. Acetazolamide (0.1 mM) and 4,4'-diisothio cyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS, 0.5 mM) were used as specific inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase and NBC, respectively. The degree of inhibition was assessed by measuring the pHi recovery rate (${\Delta}pHi$/min) after cell acidification using an ammonium prepulse technique. In control experiments, ${\Delta}pHi$/min was $1.40{\pm}0.06$. Treatment of cells with 0.5 mM DIDS or 0.1 mM acetazolamide significantly reduced ${\Delta}pHi$/min to $1.14{\pm}0.14$ and $0.74{\pm}0.15$, respectively. Simultaneous application of DIDS and acetazolamide further reduced ${\Delta}pHi$/min to $0.47{\pm}0.10$. Therefore, DIDS and acetazolamide reduced ${\Delta}pHi$/min by 19% and 47%, respectively, while simultaneous application of both DIDS and acetazolamide caused a reduction in ${\Delta}pHi$/min of 67%. These results suggest that in addition to carbonic anhydrase, NBC also partially contributes to $HCO_3^-$ formation in human parotid gland acinar cells.