• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2000

3가지 대표적인 가황계인 conventional vulcanization(Conv), semi-efficient vulcanization (Semi-EV), efficient vulcanization(EV)방법을 카본블랙 충전 천연고무 배합고무에 대해 적용하고, 이들 가황계에 따른 가황특성, 인장특성, 동적 점탄성을 조사하였다. 또한 가황온도가 배합고무의 기계적 물성과 노화저항성에 미치는 영향도 조사하였다. Conv 가황계가 Semi-EV나 EV 가황계에 비해 가황속도는 낮았으나 최대 토오크는 높았다. 인장특성은 Conv 가황계가 Semi-EV나 EV 가황계에 비해 높은 모듈러스를 나타내었고, 파괴점에서의 인장강도는 유사한 반면 신장율은 낮았다. 가황온도 증가에 따라 경도, 모듈러스 및 인장강도는 감소하였고, 감소 정도는 EV나 Semi-EV 가황계가 Conv 가황계보다 낮았다. 또한 열노화에 대한 저항성은 EV 가황계가 Conv 가황계보다 월등히 우수하였다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.234-242
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• 2021

The demand for truck bus radial (TBR) tires with enhanced fuel efficiency and wear resistance have grown in recent years. In addition, as the issue of particulate matter and air pollution increases, efforts are being made to reduce the generation of particulate matter. In this study, the properties of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) containing a silica-friendly functional group were evaluated by considering it as a base rubber and varying the silica ratio in this binary filler system. The results showed that the wear resistance of the NR/BR blend compound decreased as the silica ratio increased. In contrast, the ENR/BR blend compound exhibited an increase in wear resistance as the silica ratio was increased. In particular, the ENR-50/BR blend compound showed the best wear resistance due to the presence of several epoxide groups. Furthermore, we observed that for tan 𝛿 at 60℃, higher epoxide content resulted in the higher T_g of the rubber, indicating a higher tan 𝛿 at 60℃. On the other hand, it was confirmed that increasing the silica ratio decreased the value of tan 𝛿 at 60℃ in all compounds. In addition, we measured the amount of wear particulate matters generated from the compound wear. These measurements confirmed that in the binary filler system, regardless of the filler type, the quantity of the generated wear particulate matters as the filler-rubber interaction increased. In conclusion, the silica filled ENR/BR blend compound exhibited the lowest generation of wear particulate matters.

• 멤브레인
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 titanium nitride (TiN) 나노 섬유와 poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT-PSS) 전도성 고분자로 이루어진 전극과 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 기반 고분자 전해질 분리막을 이용하여 슈퍼 캐퍼시터를 제조하였다. TiN 나노 섬유의 경우 높은 전기 전도도와 이차원적 구조로 인한 스케폴드 효과를 기대할 수 있다는 점에서 전극 물질로 사용되었다. PEDOT-PSS 전도성 고분자는 수소 이온과 산화-환원 반응을 통해 보다 높은 정전용량을 나타낼 수 있으며 용액상에 분산이 용이해 유무기 복합제를 형성하기에 적합하였다. PVA 기반의 고분자 전해질 분리막은 기존의 액상의 전해질의 문제인 외부 충격에 대한 안정성을 확보할 수 있으며 염으로 사용된 $H_3PO_4$의 경우 수소 이온은 빠른 확산으로 인해 캐퍼시터의 충방전 효율에 이점이 있다. 본 연구에서 보고된 PEDOT-PSS/TiN 슈퍼캐퍼시터의 정전용량은 약 75 F/g으로 기존의 탄소기반 캐퍼시터에 비해 큰 폭으로 증가한 값이다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.361-372
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• 2019

Tubular joints are used in the construction of offshore structures and other land-based structures because of its ease of fabrication. These joints are subjected to different environmental loadings in their lifetime. At the time of fabrication or modification of an existing offshore platform, tubular joints are usually strengthened to withstand the environmental loads. Currently, various strengthening techniques such as ring stiffeners, gusset plates are employed to strengthen new and existing tubular joints. Due to some limitations with the present practices, some new techniques need to be addressed. Many researchers used Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) to strengthen tubular joints. Some of the studies were focused on axial compression of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) strengthened tubular joints and found that it was an efficient technique. Earlier, the authors had performed studies on Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strengthened tubular joint subjected to axial compression. The study steered to the conclusion that FRP composites is an alternative strengthening technique for tubular joints. In this work, the study was focused on axial compression of Y-joint and in plane and out of plane bending of T-joints. Experimental investigations were performed on these joints, fabricated from ASTM A106 Gr. B steel. Two sets of joints were fabricated for testing, one is a reference joint and the other is a joint strengthened with CFRP. After performing the set of experiments, test results were then compared with the numerical solution in ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). It was observed that the joints strengthened with CFRP were having improved strength, lesser surface displacement and ovalization when compared to the reference joint.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.645-658
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• 2018

Despite being one of the most abundantly used construction materials because of its exceptional properties, concrete is susceptible to deterioration and damage due to various factors particularly corrosion, improper loading, poor workmanship and design discrepancies, and as a result concrete structures require retrofitting and strengthening. In recent times, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites have substituted the conventional techniques of retrofitting and strengthening of damaged concrete. Most of the research studies related to concrete strengthening using FRP have been performed on undamaged test specimens. This contribution presents the results of an experimental study in which concrete specimens were damaged by mechanical loading and elevated temperature in laboratory prior to application of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets for strengthening. The test specimens prepared using concrete of target compressive strength of 28 MPa at 28 days were subjected to compressive and splitting tensile testing up to failure and the intact pieces of the failed specimens were collected for the purpose of repair. In order to induce damage as a result of elevated temperature, the concrete cylinders were subjected to $400^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$ temperature for two hours duration. Concrete cylinders damaged under compressive and split tensile loads were re-cast using concrete and rich cement-sand mortar, respectively and then strengthened using CFRP wrap. Concrete cylinders damaged due to elevated temperature were also strengthened using CFRP wrap. Re-cast and strengthened concrete cylinders were tested in compression and splitting tension. The obtained results revealed that re-casting of specimens damaged by mechanical loadings using concrete & mortar, and then strengthened by single layer CFRP wrap exhibited strength even higher than their original values. In case of specimens damaged by elevated temperature, the results indicated that concrete strength is significantly dropped and strengthening using CFRP wrap made it possible to not only recover the lost strength but also resulted in concrete strength greater than the original value.

• Composites Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2019

이미 제작된 복합재료 제품을 분석하여 층별로 어떤 기계적 물성을 가지는지 알아낼 수 있다면, 기존 제품에 비해 더 좋은 성능을 내는 복합재료 개발을 수행할 수 있게 된다. 본 연구에서는 프리프레그를 적층하여 제작된 복합재료 구조물에 대해 역설계 기법을 적용하여 내부 프리프레그 층의 물성을 계산하고자 하였다. 단순히 인장시험으로 얻어지는 물리량을 이용한 경우와 인장시험 및 모드 해석을 통해 얻어지는 물리량을 이용한 경우를 비교한 결과 후자의 정확도가 더 높음을 알 수 있었다. 최종적으로 예측된 $E_1$의 최대 오차는 0.09%였고 예측된 $E_2$의 최대 오차는 7%였다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2018

The degradation mechanism and physical properties of an FKM O-ring were observed with thermal aging in this experiment. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, we could observe carbon (285 eV), fluoro (688 eV), and oxygen (531 eV) peaks. Before thermal aging, the concentration of fluoro atoms was 51.23%, which decreased to 8.29% after thermal aging. The concentration of oxygen atoms increased from 3.16% to 20.39%. Under thermal aging, the FKM O-ring exhibited debonding of the fluoro-bond by oxidation. Analysis of the C1s, O1s, and F1s peaks revealed that the degradation reaction usually occurred at the C-F, C-F2, and C-F3 bonds, and generated a carboxyl group (-COOH) by oxidation. Due to the debonding reaction and decreasing mobility, the glass transition temperature of the FKM O-ring increased from $-15.91^{\circ}C$ to $-13.79^{\circ}C$. From the intermittent CSR test, the initial sealing force was 2,149.6 N, which decreased to 1,156.2 N after thermal aging. Thus, under thermal aging, the sealing force decreased to 46.2%, compared with its initial state. This phenomenon was caused by the debonding reaction and decreasing mobility of the FKM O-ring. The S-S curve exhibited a 50% increase in modulus, with break at a low strain and stress state. This was also attributed to the decreasing mobility due to thermal aging degradation.

• Composites Research
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 폴리유산 나노복합재의 열탄성 거동을 예측하기 위해 분자동역학 전산모사를 수행하고 그 결과를 열탄성 미시역학 모델 예측해와 비교하였다. 폴리유산의 두 이성질체인 D유산(Poly D-lactide)와 L유산(Poly L-lactide)을 혼합한 스테레오 콤플렉스를 모델링하였고 이들을 기지로 사용한 탄소나노튜브 나노복합재를 구성하였다. 유산의 분해 유무에 따른 유리전이온도와 탄성계수 그리고 열팽창계수를 앙상블 전산모사를 통해 예측하였다. 미시역학 모델에서는 계면의 완전 결합을 가정한 이중입자 모델을 적용하여 탄성계수와 열팽창계수를 동일한 조성에서 예측하였다. 그 결과 열적 안정성에 있어 스테레오 콤플렉스에 탄소나노튜브가 첨가될 경우 유산의 뛰어난 계면 흡착과 이에 따른 열적 안정성 향상을 보였다. 순수한 유산과 나노복합재 모두 가수 분해에 따른 열적 특성 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 또한, 스테레오 콤플렉스와 나노튜브 간 계면은 약한 불완전 결합상태 임을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제50권9호
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• pp.697-702
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• 2012

In this study, unidirectional and plain woven carbon fiber reinforced magnesium matrix composite laminates were fabricated by the liquid pressing infiltration process, and evolutions of the microstructure and compressive strength of the composite laminates under corrosion were investigated by static immersion tests. In the case of the unidirectional composite laminate, the main microstructural damage during immersion appeared as a form of corrosion induced cracks, which were formed at both CF/Mg interfaces and the interfaces between layers. On the otherhand, wrap/fill interface cracks were mainly formed in the plain woven composite laminate, without any cracks at the CF/Mg interface. The formation of these cracks was considered to be associated with internal thermal residual stress, which was generated during cooling after the fabrication process of these materials. As a consequence of the corrosion induced cracks, the thickness of both laminates increased in directions vertical to the fibers with increasing immersion time. With increasing immersion time, the compressive strengths of both composite laminates also decreased continuously. It was found that the plain woven composite laminates have superior corrosion resistance and stability under a corrosive condition than unidirectional laminates.

• 공업화학
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2021

전기자동차(EV) 및 중대형 에너지 저장 장치(ESS)의 활용을 위한 차세대 에너지 저장 장치에 대한 요구가 증가함에 따라, 높은 출력 및 안정성 등의 특성을 갖는 리튬 이온 전지 개발이 시급한 과제로 떠오르고 있다. 리튬 이온 이차 전지의 성능은 주로 전극 재료의 물리/화학적 특성에 의해 결정되는데, TiO₂는 우수한 안정성 및 높은 안정성, 친환경적 특성으로 인해 현재 상용화된 탄소계 음극재를 대체할 수 있는 물질로 높은 관심을 받고 있다. 특히, 양극산화를 통해 제조된 자기 정렬된 TiO₂ 마이크로 및 나노 구조는 차세대 리튬 이온 이차 전지의 유망한 음극 소재 물질로 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 총설 논문에서는 양극산화를 통한 TiO₂ 나노 튜브 및 마이크로콘 구조 메커니즘 및 구조 발달에 영향을 미치는 인자에 대한 설명을 다루었다. 또한, TiO₂의 낮은 전기전도도 및 용량 한계를 극복하기 위한 TiO₂ 기반 복합체를 리튬 이온 이차 전지의 음극재로 활용한 연구를 소개하였다.