• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

In 2015, the State Council of South Korea finalized its goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by "37% from the business-as-usual (BAU) level" by 2030 across all the economic sectors. Of that reduction, 4.5% will be achieved overseas by leveraging Emission Trading Systems (ETS) aided by international cooperation. In line with this, considering both the demand for and supply of the carbon market increased after the Paris agreement, the importance of public diplomacy in negotiating climate change actions also rose. This study aimed to analyze the impact of international discussions such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on domestic policies and the types of public diplomatic climate change policies pursued by different government agencies, and draw implications from them. This study attempted to find implications from the Korean government's public diplomacy on climate change for developing countries. Lessons learned regarding Korea's public diplomacy would provide a practical guidance to the Asian developing countries, which are suffering from environmental crisis at a phase of rapid economic growth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2001

This study was conducted to determine the smoke component distribution and the relationship between chemical components and physical characteristics of cigarettes. 16 different cigarette brands which were sold in the market were selected for this study. Five kinds of smoke components which have been tar, nicotine, water, carbon monoxide(CO) puff No., and six kinds of physical characteristics which were filter type, leaf weight, filter weight, UPD, EPD, dilution rate were analyzed. The average values in tar, nicotine, water, CO concentration were 6.5 mg/cig. 0.66 mg/cig, 1.12 mg/cig. and 6.32 mg/cig., respectively. The average ratios of nicotine/tar and CO/tar were 0.10, and 1.02 respectively. The distribution of smoke components collected in the cambridge filter and cigarette filter was different. The averages of tar and nicotine removal efficiency by a cigarette filter were 53%, and 48%, respectively. All smoking components were positively correlated with other smoking components. filter types, EPD, and dilution rate were showed high correlation to the changes of smoke components. Especially, dilution rate of cigarette strongly affected on the changes of all smoke components.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.7-13
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• 2011

The climate change due to the increased consumption with fossil fuel and rise of the oil price have been serious global issues. Automobile industry consumes 30% of the oil every year and causes air pollution and global warming by the exhaust emissions and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$). The demand of two-wheeled vehicle increases every year due to the parking and traffic problem caused by the increased automobiles in the urban area. Approximately 50,000,000 two-wheeled vehicles were produced in 2008. The development and sales of the hybrid two-wheeled vehicle industry become active due to its increased market demands. In this paper, the change of the motor and battery efficiency, driving distance, hill climbing ability with the change of the motor capacity was analyzed. Simulation of the peculiarities in urban driving schedule(World-wide Motorcycle Test Cycle(WMTC), Manhattan driving schedule), constant speed(10 km/h, 35 km/h) of small electronic two-wheeled vehicle was also carried out. Through the simulation result, appropriate capacities of the motor and battery for urban driving was acquired.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.1 s.94
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• pp.36-42
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• 2007

Diesel PM can be controlled using Diesel Particulate Filter, which can effectively reduce the level of soot emissions to ambient background levels. In the Heavy Duty Diesel area, the Continuously Regeneration trap has been widely applied in the retrofit market. As the Special act for the improvement of air quality in the capital area, the retrofit program for DPF to used diesel vehicle has progressed favorably and there are currently over 1,000 of these DPF in use in retrofit applications in korea. These DPF comprise a specially formulated Diesel Oxidation Catalyst upstream of a DPF. The $NO_2$ generated by the DOC is used to combust the carbon collected in the DPF at low temperature. To certificate DPF device that is suitable to domestic circumstances, it is necessary to evaluate exactly the DPF devices according to the regulation of DPF certificate test procedure for retrofit(ministry of environment(MOE) announcement NO. 2005-16). To do so the understand of that regulation like the standard of PM reduction rate is needed. In this study the test procedure including test cycle and BPT test condition was examined and also the test result for specific DPF was analyzed. In every test like field test, PM reduction efficiency test and seoul-10 mode test, no defect could be showed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2019

The emission trading system implemented in Korea is a system in which the government allocates or sells emission rights by setting the emission allowable amount to economic players subject to the emission trading system, allowing companies to freely trade shortfall or extra money through the emission trading market. Korea also had implemented its first emission trading system scheme period of time from 2015 to 2017. As a result of the first planning period in which total of seven Korean airlines were targeted, the emission amount was about 5.51 million KAU, while the quota amount was only about 4.85 million KAU, about 116% of the actual quota was emitted and Domestic airlines have incurred additional costs of about 10.7 billion won. Due to ICAO's implementation of CORSIA, the airlines are expected to have to shoulder additional costs because purchasing exceed quota will be increased in order to offset excess emissions not only on domestic but also on international routes. Thus, this paper had analyzed the characteristics of the carbon trading system of air transport industry and suggested a mix of regulatory policies as an improvement method.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.271-276
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• 2018

Based on the service design processes, we examined the market conditions and the criteria to be considered in selecting materials and selected CFRP CNT materials in the development of bicycle design. This material was used to develop frame design among the bicycle parts. The bicycle frame, designed with CFRP CNT material through vibration attenuation testing, tensile strength testing, and stiffness test results before prototype production, shows better results than the bicycle frame manufactured with conventional CNT materials in terms of function.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.723-732
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• 2021

On September 25, 2015, 193 countries of the United Nations (UN) General Assembly, signed the 2030 Agenda to work towards attaining 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and its associated 169 targets and 232 indicators. With one of the largest renewable energy programs, India is well-poised to be a role model for low-carbon transformation to other Asian countries. However, bridging the financing gap is critical to ensure that the country meets its SDG targets. Though the SDGs identified by the UN are broad-based and interdependent, for ease of analysis we have grouped them into five themes - people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnership - based on existing UN models. This paper investigates the financing gap for 'green' projects linked to planet-related SDG targets in India. It builds an argument for utilizing green bonds as an instrument to bridge the gap. After establishing the potential of green bonds in raising the finance to meet India's planet-related SDG targets, we look at the current policy landscape and suggest recommendations for successful execution. The paper concludes that deepening of the corporate fixed income securities market and firming up guidelines in line with India's climate action plans are inevitable before green bonds can be considered a viable financing option.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.93-104
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• 2021

In recent years, there has been a substantial theoretical and empirical study on the role that financial market development has significantly played in promoting economic growth and development in the world. The development of an economy requires the financial industry to be developed. In the context of rapid economic development, global warming has become a serious problem with issues such as rising average temperatures, climate change, rising sea level, and increasing carbon dioxide emissions. This study aims to examine the influence of economic growth, financial development, transportation capacity, and environmental degradation. Using time-series data from 1986 to 2019 and environmental degradation being measured by CO2 emissions, the study employs a quantity of ample unit root tests, the structural break unit root tests, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), and cointegration bounds test. The results show that there is a significant long-term cointegration among study variables. Empirical findings also indicate that an increase in per capita GDP and financial development worsens environmental quality whereas transportation capacity and foreign investment can improve environmental quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.984-1003
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• 2020

The global fashion industry produces significant carbon emission and micro-plastics in oceans. Studies on sustainable design methods as such environmental issues in fashion are becoming intensely problematic. This study conducted a case study on 100 upcycle fashion brands to propose strategical upcycle fashion designs to compete in a sustainable fashion market. A literature review indicated that 3 types of textile wastes are generated as upcycling materials: post-producer, pre-consumer and post-consumer. Wastes are categorized together with 3 types of techniques: redesigning, reconstruction and handcrafting. This research derived 7 types of upcycle fashion designs that have the following features: to make luxury upcycle fashion products, to make sustainable grunge looks, to re-evaluate deadstocks, to recover vintage clothes, to convert waste into craft-arts, to offer solutions for damaged products, and to make zero-waste small fabric waste. The study results show that key drivers in the upcycle fashion design are the redesignability of materials and technique-related costs. This study implies that adopting appropriate design features can be a useful strategy for designers. New technologies will solve current problems and encourage them to design products in a new circular value system.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.338-347
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• 2021

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a family of microbial polyesters that are used as biodegradable plastics in replacement of conventional plastics for various applications. However, the high production cost is the barrier for PHA market expansion. This study aimed to utilize food waste as low-cost feedstock to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) by Haloferax mediterranei. The effects of acetate (Ac), propionate (Pr), butyrate (Bu), and the short-chain carboxylates derived from food waste were examined on the microbial growth and PHBV production. Results showed that a mixture of carboxylates provided a 55% higher PHBV yield than glucose. The food-waste-derived nutrients achieved the yields of 0.41 to 0.54 g PHBV/g Ac from initial loadings of 450 mg/l to 1,800 mg/l Ac of total carboxylates. And the consumption of individual carboxylate varied between different compositions of the carbon source. The present study demonstrates the potential of using food waste as feedstock to produce PHBV by Haloferax mediterranei, which can provide economic benefits to the current PHA industry. Meanwhile, it will also help promote organic waste reduction in landfills and waste management in general.