• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Local governments play a critical role in achieving carbon neutrality and reducing national carbon emissions. To manage carbon emissions effectively, it is essential for local governments to analyze regional carbon emissions. In this study, we developed a model for estimating carbon emissions based on land use and analyzed regional characteristics of carbon emissions to suggest policies for achieving carbon neutrality at the regional level. Our model for calculating carbon emissions is based on an analysis of the activities that contribute to carbon emissions for each land use, and we established the spatial scope of carbon emission calculation. We applied this model to the cities and counties in Gyeongsangnam province, calculating carbon emissions from settlement and agricultural production activities and comparing regional characteristics of carbon emissions. Our analysis showed that areas with larger populations generally produced higher emissions in all categories, but we observed different results in terms of unit emissions, emissions divided by area, population, and household. Based on these findings, we propose policies such as increasing the generation of new and renewable energy using public institutions, promoting the conversion to cleaner cooking and heating energy sources, and encouraging the adoption of eco-friendly automobiles on roads. We believe that our analysis of the spatial and regional characteristics of carbon emissions can help local governments establish effective policies for reducing carbon emissions in their regions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 2012

In this study we analyzed carbon emissions of leaves of a Pinus densiflora which is vulnerable to a forest fire using the cone calorimeter in order to analyze greenhouse gas emissions from forest fires depending on region and altitude. Fuels were collected from 9 regions[Hongcheon(Gangwon-do), Chungsong(Gyeongbuk-do), Yanhpyeong (Gyeonggi-do), Jecheon(Chungchongbuk-do), Gongju(Chungcheongnam-do), Wuju(Jeollabuk-do), Youngam(Jeollanam-do), Busan and Jeju-do)] and 9 altitudes(80 m, 450 m, 900 m, 1000 m, 1100 m, 1200 m, 1300 m, 1400 m and 1500 m) and then, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions contained in a weight of 50 g of fuel were analyzed. According to the results, there were differences in carbon emissions by regional groups, as the average carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions in 9 regions were nearly 43.5929 g to 52.8868 g, and 0.8842 g to 3.6422 g, respectively. Busan and Jecheon had relatively higher carbon dioxide emissions and especially, Busan had 1.23 times higher carbon dioxide emissions than Jeju-do. Also, Gongju, Chungcheongnamo Province and Busan had relatively higher carbon monoxide emissions and especially, Gongju and Pusan had relatively higher carbon monoxide emissions and especially, Gongju had 4.12 higher carbon monoxide emissions than Hongcheon. In addition, there were differences in carbon emissions too depending on altitude, since carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions in 9 altitudes were respectively, 40.7015 g to 68.9297 g and 1.3923 g to 12.2918 g. At the altitude of 80m, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions were respectively, 68.9297 g and 12.2918 g, and at the altitude of 450m, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions were respectively, 65.5115 g and 11.2497 g. These results show that pine trees at the lower altitude discharge relatively more carbon. It is considered that this analysis on carbon emissions depending on region and altitude can be effectively used for predicting greenhouse gas emissions and establishing statistical data from forest fires in each region and altitude.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.40-54
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• 2017

According to FAO, "agricultural sectors are particularly exposed to the effects of climate change and increases climate variability". As a result, the study makes an attempt to answer the question: Is there a causal effect between agricultural production and carbon dioxide emissions in Ghana? By employing a time series data spanning from 1960 to 2015 using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag method. There was evidence of a long-run equilibrium relationship running from copra production, corn production, green coffee production, milled rice production, millet production, palm kernel production and sorghum production to carbon dioxide emissions. The short-run equilibrium relationship shows that, a 1% increase in copra and green coffee production will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 0.22% and 0.03%, a 1% increase in millet and sorghum production will decrease carbon dioxide emissions by 0.13% and 0.11% in the short-run while a 31% of future fluctuations in carbon dioxide emissions are due to shocks in corn production. There was bidirectional causality between milled rice production and carbon dioxide emissions, millet production and carbon dioxide emissions and, sorghum production and carbon dioxide emissions; and a unidirectional causality running from corn production to carbon dioxide emissions and carbon dioxide emissions to palm kernel production.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.215-216
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• 2023

As the introduction of new climate system, efforts to change carbon neutrality, efforts to convert carbon neutrality. In Korea, we are setting up carbon emissions through greenhouse gas and energy target management system for business and companies that emit carbon emissions. The construction industry quantitatively predict the carbon emissions, but it is struggling to set up the amount of carbon emissions before construction stage, but it is suffering from lack of data. Therefore, this study was conducted by collecting data on the energy usage amount of carbon emissions according to the energy usage of the construction phenomenon and low-capacity prediction of the construction phenomenon. Through collected data, the average energy usage amount by building users and evaluated the average carbon emissions. It also evaluated the contribution of carbon emissions by energy sources.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.193-202
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• 2017

The study estimated the relationship between carbon dioxide, crop and livestock production index in Ghana: Estimating the long-run elasticities and variance decomposition by employing a time series data spanning from 1960-2013 using both fit regression and ARDL models. There was evidence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, crop production index and livestock production index. Evidence from the study shows that a 1% increase in crop production index will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 0.52%, while a 1% increase in livestock production index will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 0.81% in the long-run. There was evidence of a bidirectional causality between a crop production index and carbon dioxide emissions and a unidirectional causality exists from livestock production index to carbon dioxide emissions. Evidence from the variance decomposition shows that 37% of future fluctuations in carbon dioxide emissions are due to shocks in the crop production index while 18% of future fluctuations in carbon dioxide emissions are due to shocks in the livestock production index. Efforts towards reducing pre-production, production, transportation, processing and post-harvest losses are essential to reducing food wastage which affects Ghana's carbon footprint.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

Purpose - It is important to figure out the relationship between tourism carbon emissions and tourism economics for a healthy tourism development. Research design, data, and methodology - Data of this study are collected from 27 provinces (cities) of China. Tourist consumption stripping coefficient is used to calculate tourism carbon emissions. SBM-Undesirable model is used to measure the efficiency of tourism economics under the constraint of tourism carbon emissions. Results - The results show that: during the year of 2005-2015, there are obvious differences in totals and intensities of tourism carbon emissions among 27 provinces and cities which can be divided into three areas. There is a high possibility of underestimating the actual efficiency of tourism economics by leaving tourism carbon emissions out of account, and a high inefficiency caused by tourism carbon emissions will lead a low efficiency of tourism economics. Conclusions - The development of tourism should give consideration to both economic and environmental benefits, and reduce the inefficiency caused by tourism carbon emissions to improve efficiency of tourism economics by improving the level of technical efficiency and promoting technological progress.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

Global warming has become a major issue all over the world. Noting the carbon dioxide emissions as a main contributor to global warming, we studied on the methods to reduce the life cycle building carbon emissions. Green Building Certification Criteria(GBCC) has been implemented since 2002 in Korea, but it doesn't estimate the quantities of the $CO_2$ emissions. Therefore, we studied the ways to implement the $CO_2$ emissions in quantity to GBCC. We select a government building which was rated excellent by the GBCC. This office building was regarded to excellent building by GBCC but not good for energy consumption. It was found energy glutton buildings for research by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security in 2010. This part of GBCC is need to be improved.. Also LCA (Life Cycle assessment) was carried out to estimate on carbon footprint on this office building. So we need to implementing quantitative evaluation on the amount of carbon emissions by GBCC. And it is possible to implementing quantitative evaluation on the amount of carbon emissions. Through this study, we expect that quantitative assessment of life cycle carbon emissions of buildings by the GBCC. Also expect to reduce the carbon emissions of the building by improving the GBCC.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2015

Carbon emissions in construction stage is very high because lots of construction machines and materials are required to be used at a road construction stage. Many researcher carried out application of carbon emissions estimation methodology during the life cycle of road infrastructure in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the road sector. But the calculation of carbon emissions is difficult because data collection is difficult and calculation procedure is complex. In this study, a basic unit of carbon emissions in construction stage of the road infrastructure was developed in order to get the quantitative determination of carbon that occurs. Carbon emissions of the expressway and common state road was calculated by using the basic unit of carbon emissions and application plan of basic unit of carbon emissions are presented.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1169-1178
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• 2018

Two man-made carbon emissions, fossil fuel emissions and land use emissions, have been perturbing naturally occurring global carbon cycle. These emitted carbons will eventually be deposited into the atmosphere, the terrestrial biosphere, the soil, and the ocean. In this study, Simple Global Carbon Model (SGCM) was used to simulate global carbon cycle and to estimate global carbon budget. For the model input, fossil fuel emissions and land use emissions were taken from the literature. Unlike fossil fuel use, land use emissions were highly uncertain. Therefore land use emission inputs were adjusted within an uncertainty range suggested in the literature. Simulated atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations were well fitted to observations with a standard error of 0.06 ppm. Moreover, simulated carbon budgets in the ocean and terrestrial biosphere were shown to be reasonable compared to the literature values, which have considerable uncertainties. Simulation results show that with increasing fossil fuel emissions, the ratios of carbon partitioning to the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere have increased from 42% and 24% in the year 1958 to 50% and 30% in the year 2016 respectively, while that to the ocean has decreased from 34% in the year 1958 to 20% in the year 2016. This finding indicates that if the current emission trend continues, the atmospheric carbon partitioning ratio might be continuously increasing and thereby the atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations might be increasing much faster. Among the total emissions of 399 gigatons of carbon (GtC) from fossil fuel use and land use during the simulation period (between 1960 and 2016), 189 GtC were reallocated to the atmosphere (47%), 107 GtC to the terrestrial biosphere (27%), and 103GtC to the ocean (26%). The net terrestrial biospheric carbon accumulation (terrestrial biospheric allocations minus land use emissions) showed positive 46 GtC. In other words, the terrestrial biosphere has been accumulating carbon, although land use emission has been depleting carbon in the terrestrial biosphere.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between foreign investment and carbon emissions in the Korean electricity sector, the causal relationship between the foreign investment invested in the electric power sector in the 16 regional regions and the carbon emissions in the region, The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of foreign investment on these sectors and the carbon footprint of these sectors using Panel Random Effect Analysis, Panel VAR and OLS models. A panel analysis of foreign investment and regional carbon emissions showed that there was a causal relationship. Based on this analysis, OLS analysis showed that 7 out of 16 metropolitan areas were foreign investment And carbon emissions were significant. In the remaining six regions except Gwangju, there was a causal relationship between foreign investment in the local power sector and the reduction of carbon emissions. After categorizing the electric power industry by device, process, purpose and number of employees, causality also appeared in relation to foreign investment in these sectors and their carbon emissions. Through this study, the authors suggest that foreign investment can be a way to solve not only the financial burden of carbon emission problem, but also the development of national economy and industry through the inflow of capital and advanced new technology.