• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.21-29
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• 2002

With regard to the personnel safety and other safety when the gas suppressants are discharged into the area where occupants exist, the short term and long term effects to the health of people are discussed mainly with the Carbon dioxide agent and Halon Replacement agents system. To gain the benefits of CO2 extinguishing systems while minimizing risk to people serious attention must be given to personnel safety in the design, installation, and maintenance of CO2 systems. Training of personnel is essential. A major factor in the use of a clean agent fire suppressant in a normally occupied area is toxicity. While all halocarbon agents are tested for long-term health hazards, the primary endpoint is acute or short-term exposure, The primary acute toxicity effects of the halocarbon agents described here are anesthesia and cardiac sensitization. For inert gases, the primary physiological concern is reduced oxygen concentration.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.600-606
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• 2018

A class D fire or combustible metal fire is characterized by the presence of burning metals. Only certain metals or metal compounds are flammable, including sodium and lithium. General fire extinguishing agents, such as dry chemical powder, water-based fire extinguish agents, and carbon dioxide, cannot be used in class D fires. This is because these agents cause adverse reactions or are ineffective. In addition, the amount of usage of combustible metals is increasing due to continuous development of the semiconductor and fuel cell industries. Despite this, Korea does not have standards and laws related to combustible metal fires. This paper suggests directions of the class D fire management policies to reduce the class D fire risk and impact by analyzing the standards and laws related to class D fires and combustible metal fire cases. The factors to make laws on class D fire prevention and response systems, and management system of dry sand were determined. These results may be used to help reduce the risk of class D fires and improve the response abilities.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.55-62
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• 2012

The suppression mechanisms of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) as a representative fire suppression agent were revisited using a counterflow diffusion flame which could be applied the concept of a local application system. To end this, the low strain rate $CH_4$/air counterflow diffusions with $CO_2$ addition in either fuel or oxidizer stream were examined numerically using detailed-kinetic chemistry. Radiative heat loss due to radiating gas species including $CO_2$ added was considered by the optically thin model (OTM). As a result, the critical $CO_2$ volume fractions in the oxidizer stream required to extinguish the flame were in good agreement with the experimental data reported in the literature, while somewhat under-prediction was observed with $CO_2$ added in the fuel stream. The surrogate agents were adopted to estimate the quantitative contribution with changing in global strain rate ($a_g$) on the flame extinguishment among pure dilution effect, thermal effects including radiation heat loss and chemical effect due to the $CO_2$ fire suppression agent.