• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2018

Agriculture is strongly influenced by climate change such as increased temperature and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$). This study describes the effects of climate change elevated $CO_2$, temperature, and relative drought on growth responses and yield in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The assessment was conducted for spring seasons in Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Research (SPAR) chamber at National Institute of Crop Science (NICS). Potatoes exhibit a positive response to $CO_2$ enrichment but water stress primarily reduces potato canopy and tuber yield. Elevated $CO_2$ and temperature increased both dry weight and tuber yield. Elevated $CO_2$ and temperature influenced SPAR 2 plants to a larger, and tuber increased yield up to 28% of than in SPAR 1(30-year average temperature at 450 ppm of $CO_2$). Our study findings indicate that tuber yield increase in potato under high $CO_2$ concentration was due to an increase in the size of individual tubers rather than in the number of the tubers per plant. On other hand, SPAR 3(30-year average temperature $+2.8^{\circ}C$ at 700 ppm of $CO_2$ under water stress) was lower than SPAR 2(30-year average temperature $+2.8^{\circ}C$ at 700 ppm of $CO_2$) nearly 56% of tuber yield due to drought. The results confirm potato drought sensitivity in terms of yield response. The experiment also showed that, in the conditions of climate change, climate change scenarios that improve cropping systems with potato.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2019

Objectives : Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) laser, a high power laser has been used for pain management, dermatology, and surgery and laser acupuncture and moxibustion as well, since it had been oscillated in 1964 at Bell Telephone Laboratories in the US. The purpose of this study is to investigate the history of $CO_2$ laser acupuncture through reviewing studies published in early stage of laser medicine. Methods : To investigate the early history of $CO_2$ laser acupuncture, studies were searched in the electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKI, Wanfang, J-STAGE, CiNii, KTNP, and OASIS, since 1964. Articles in English, Chinese, Japanese and Korean were included, and there were no limitations in literature types such as reviews, essays, clinical trials, animal experiments and veterinary research. Results : We found that the first $CO_2$ laser application to acupoints was done by a research team in Shanghai in 1976. They used $CO_2$ laser for acupuncture treatment and it was also the first laser acupuncture treatment in China. Since the first case report of $CO_2$ laser for leukopenia, it has been applied to various diseases in China, Korea, Japan and other western countries. It has been widely applied in the fields of dentistry and veterinary medicine, as well as clinical applications. Conclusions : Not only $CO_2$ laser can be used as laser acupuncture by stimulating the acupoints and meridians, but also can produce moxibustion effect by using heat stimulus. Therefore, it is expected that it will be used in various clinical fields in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 2010

Existing studies on the bicycle road were mostly for the promotion of bicycle road through the creation of bicycle road. However, as the gradually increase of bicycle users, it has been required service based on low carbon green growth in order to promote the use of bicycles which are green means of transportation. Analysis of existing bicycle use information is mainly based on calculating the amount of exercise, so the diverse needs of bicycle user does not accommodated. Therefore, in this study, it is proposed that methodology compute to reduce cost or amount of carbon dioxide, fuel, and processing costs of global warming by using bicycle. For this, a program is implemented to display bicycle use information provided in the form of GPX based on Google Earth in three-dimensional environment and to service based on low carbon, green growth. The developed program is compared with existing commercial software. Through this study, new services have been developed to carry out low carbon and green growth in terms of bicycle users, and it is considered that the services can be applied to devices such as smart phones.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.209-214
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• 2003

Numerical simulations are performed at atmospheric pressure in order to understand the effect of additives on flame speed, flame temperature, the radical concentration, the NOx formation in freely propagating $CH_4/O_2/N_2$ flames. The additives used are carbon dioxide and hydrogen chloride which have a combination of physical and chemical behavior on hydrocarbon flame. In the flame established with the same mole of methane and additive, $CO_2$ addition significantly contributes toward the reduction of flame speed and flame temperature by the physical effect, whereas addition of HCl mainly does by the chemical effect. The impact of HCl addition on the decrease of the radical concentration is about 1.6-1.8 times as large as $CO_2$ addition. Hydrogen chloride addition is higher on the reduction of EINO than $CO_2$ addition because of the chemical effect of HCl.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.77-82
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• 2005

Recently, people's rising interests toward a 'well-being' lifestyle together with research contributions are accelerating the concerns regarding indoor air pollution making indoor air quality management an emerging environmental challenge of the era. The Ministry of Environment began to regulate the air quality of railway stations last year. The newly established 'Indoor Air Quality Act' covers 17 facilities whereas only underground subway stations and underground markets were regulated by previous 'Underground Air Quality Management Act' of 1996. In this study, we carried out the measurement of temperature, relative humidity, CO(carbon monooxide), $CO_2$(carbon dioxide), HCHO(formaldehyde), PM-10(particulate matters), and VOCs(volatile organic compounds) in underground subway stations. Based on the obtained results, we will suggest a way to improve the indoor air quality of the subway stations.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1979

This report is carried out pharmaceutical properties for the mosquito coil made of Ginseng leaf and the residue after extraction of Ginseng root. This experimental results are: Loss on drying of Insam (Ginseng) mosquito coil powder is average 8.31%, ash content of the powder is average 9.51% and burning time of Insam mosquito coil is aprroximately 36 minutes per gram. The contents of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide on burning of mosquito coil are as same as following: Insam mosquito coil A brand mosquito coil B brand mosquito coil Allethrin in a piece of Insam mosquito coil was stable under the experimental conditions. CO (ppm) 360 540 760 $CO_2(%)$ 0.052 0.076 0.066 Allethrin in a piece of Insam mosquito coil was stable under the experimental conditions.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to establish the assessment baseline of $CO_2$ emissions from building operations in the view of GHG reduction policy in Korea. The assessment baseline of $CO_2$ emissions shall be used in GHG policy and Carbon Credits in building sectors, but the assessment baseline has not been studied enough or established yet. Also, $CO_2$ emissions from building operations will be variable according to the building occupancy. Therefore the baseline will be different and this study aimed at the establishment of the assessment baseline for residential apartments and office buildings firstly. After reviews of BEER and international standards for building $CO_2$ emissions such as ISO and UNEP-SBCI documents, the analysis of BEER certification data has been pursued for 292 residential apartment complexes and 65 office buildings in South Korea during 2004~2012. As analysis results, the assessment baseline was set to 23.03 $kg{\cdot}CO_2/m^2{\cdot}yr$ or 1.95 $t{\cdot}CO_2/unit{\cdot}yr$ for residential apartment complexes, and 95.91 $kg{\cdot}CO_2/m^2{\cdot}yr$ for office buildings according to the BEER certification basis. Additional assessment baselines were calculated according to year basis, region basis, public and private basis, and GHG policy basis. Finally, the established baseline for residential apartment complexes has been applied for the pilot project in M district, Seoul, and showed 24.97% reduction rate according to the BEER certification basis.

• Clean Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.203-213
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• 2004

Natural gas thermal decomposition method is the technology of converting natural gas (methane) into hydrogen and carbon at high temperature. The most advantage of thermal decomposition method is that hydrogen and carbon can be produced without emitting carbon dioxide. In this study, the generation of hydrogen and carbon was investigated by this natural gas (methane) thermal decomposition method. We found that pyrocarbon was created on the surface of reactor, carbon black was deposited on the pyrocarbon and final plugging phenomenon took place. To solve this problem, we tried several attempts such as introduction of double pipe reactor instead of single pipe reactor or oxidization of carbon black using $O_2$ or $CO_2$ at regular intervals of reaction. Therefore, some plugging phenomenon was resolved by this methods. Also, carbon particle size was measured by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) image and the size was about 200 nm.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.509-517
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• 1988

The controlled Ti(CO2H5)4 hydrolysis reactions for the synthesis of Spherical Monodispersed Titania powders are described. Increasing the concentration of TEOT and the molar ratio of water to TEOT in alcohol solution decrease the reaction time and the particle size. The reaction time is delalyed by increasing the chain length and the number of carbon branches of alcohol as a solvent. The prepared powders with an average diameter of 0.8$\mu$ and the spherical monodispersed transfer to Rutile phase at 55$0^{\circ}C$.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

Automobile Shredder Residue (ASR) is very appropriate in a gasification melting system. Gasification melting system, because of high reaction temperature over than $1,350^{\circ}C$, can reduce harmful materials. To use the gasification processes for hydrogen production, the high concentration of CO in syngas must be converted into hydrogen gas by using water gas shift reaction. In this study, the characteristics of shift reaction of the high temperature catalyst (KATALCO 71-5M) and the low temperature catalyst (KATALCO 83-3X) in the fixed - bed reactor has been determined by using simulation gas which is equal with the syngas composition of gasification melting process. The carbon monoxide composition has been decreased as the WGS reaction temperature has increased. And the occurrence quantity of the hydrogen and the carbon dioxide increased. When using the high temperature catalyst, the carbon monoxide conversion ratio ($1-CO_{out}/CO_{in}$) rose up to 95.8 from 55.6. Compared with average conversion ratio from the identical synthesis gas composition, the low temperature catalyst was better than the high temperature catalyst.