• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 2023

In this study, various plant-based biomass are recycled into carbon materials to employ as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Firstly, various biomass of rice husk, chestnut, tea bag, and coffee ground are collected, washed, and ground. The carbonization process is followed under a nitrogen atmosphere at 850℃. The morphological and chemical properties of materials are investigated using FE-SEM, EDS, and FT-IR to compare the characteristic differences between various biomass. It is noticeable that biomass-derived carbon materials vary in shape and degree of carbonization depending on their precursor materials. These materials are applied as anode materials to measure the electrochemical performance. The specific capacities of rice husk-, chetnut-, tea bag-, and coffee ground-derived carbon materials are evaluated as 65.8, 80.2, 90.6, and 104.7 mAh g^-1 at 0.2C. Notably, coffee ground-based carbon exhibited the highest specific capacity owing to the difference in elemental composition and the degree of carbonization. Conclusively, this study suggests the possibility of utilizing as energy storage devices by employing various plant-based biomass into active materials for anodes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.128-128
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• 2012

Korea institute of materials science (KIMS) has researched an anode layer linear ion source (ALIS) for various roll-to-roll treatment processes. The ALIS can be used to Ar ion beam (1~2 keV) treatment, and diamond-like carbon coating and so on. The treatment width of ALIS is 500 mm with a uniformity below 5 % (=(Max-min)/(Max+min)). We also demonstrate the status of development of ALIS in a roll-to-roll industry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.836-844
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• 2009

A denitrification bacterium was isolated from riverbed soil and identified as Ochrobactrum sp., whose specific enzymes for denitrification metabolism were biochemically assayed or confirmed with specific coding genes. The denitrification activity of strain G3-1 was proportional to glucose/nitrate balance, which was consistent with the theoretical balance (0.5). The modified graphite felt cathode with neutral red, which functions as a solid electron mediator, enhanced the electron transfer from electrode to bacterial cell. The porous carbon anode was coated with a ceramic membrane and cellulose acetate film in order to permit the penetration of water molecules from the catholyte to the outside through anode, which functions as an air anode. A non-compartmented electrochemical bioreactor (NCEB) comprised of a solid electron mediator and an air anode was employed for cultivation of G3-1 cells. The intact G3-1 cells were immobilized in the solid electron mediator, by which denitrification activity was greatly increased at the lower glucose/nitrate balance than the theoretical balance (0.5). Metabolic stability of the intact G3-1 cells immobilized in the solid electron mediator was extended to 20 days, even at a glucose/nitrate balance of 0.1.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.503-509
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• 2013

Electrochemical redox capacity of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) electrode is an important factor in the power density. This study was conducted to investigate the redox capacity of surface modified anode and cathode electrodes by measuring their conductivities. An anode electrode was modified with nitric acid and a cathode electrode was modified with heat treatment. The anode electrode modified with 20 % of the nitric acid concentration showed the highest conductivity of $6.2{\mu}S/cm/g$ and the maximum power density of $306.0mW/m^2$ when used in a MFC. The cathode electrode modified at $472^{\circ}C$ for 18 min showed the highest conductivity of $5.2{\mu}S/cm/g$ and the maximum power density of $276.20mW/m^2$ when used in a MFC. On the other hand, an MFC using both the electrodes showed the highest maximum power density of $408.2mW/m^2$. Meanwhile, a control MFC without modified electrodes generated very small voltage (0.014 mV), so the power density could not be measured.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.110-115
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• 2013

The electrochemical performance and microstructure of Al-Si, Al-Si/C was investigated as anode for lithium ion battery. The Al-Si nano composite with 5 : 1 at% ratio was prepared by arc-discharge nano powder process. However, some of problem is occurred, when Al nano composite was synthesized by this manufacturing. The oxidation film is generated around Al-Si particles for passivating processing in the manufacture. The oxidation film interrupts electrical chemistry reaction during lithium ion insertion/extraction for charge and discharge. Because of the existence the oxidation film, Al-Si first cycle capacity is very lower than other examples. Therefore, carbon synthsized by glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$) was conducted to remove the oxidation film covered on the composite. The results showed that the first discharge cycle capacity of Al-Si/C is improved to 113mAh/g comparing with Al-Si (18.6mAh/g). Furthermore, XRD data and TEM images indicate that $Al_4C_3$ crystalline exist in Al-Si/C composite. In addition the Si-Al anode material, in which silicon is more contained was tested by same method as above, it was investigated to check the anode capacity and morphology properties in accordance with changing content of silicon, Si-Al anode has much higher initial discharge capacity(about 500mAh/g) than anode materials based on Aluminum as well as the morphology properties is also very different with the anode based Aluminum.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2015

The composite of porous silicon (Si) and amorphous carbon (C) is prepared by pyrolysis of a nano-porous Si + pitch mixture. The nano-porous Si is prepared by mechanical milling of magnesium powder with silicon monoxide (SiO) followed by removal of MgO with hydrochloric acid (etching process). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of porous Si ($64.52m^2g^{-1}$) is much higher than that before etching Si/MgO ($4.28m^2g^{-1}$) which indicates pores are formed in Si after the etching process. Cycling stability is examined for the nano-porous Si + C composite and the result is compared with the composite of nonporous Si + C. The capacity retention of the former composite is 59.6% after 50 charge/discharge cycles while the latter shows only 28.0%. The pores of Si formed after the etching process is believed to accommodate large volumetric change of Si during charging and discharging process.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.755-760
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 카본전극의 표면개질에 따른 리튬이온 전지의 전지특성 변화에 대해서 연구하였다. 즉, mesocarbon microbeads(MCMB) 카본에 에폭시 수지(resin)를 코팅시킴으로서 카본전극 표면에 개질시켰으며, 이에 따른 전극의 전기화학적 특성을 고찰하였다. 에폭시 수지에 의한 카본의 표면코팅은 30%의 H$_2$SO$_4$용액에서 2시간 동안 refluxing한 MCMB를 에폭시 수지를 용해시킨 THF(tetrahydrofuran) 용액에 넣어 혼합함으로써 MCMB 표면에 에폭시 수지가 코팅되도록 하였다. 이렇게 에폭시 수지가 코팅된 MCMB를 약 1000-130$0^{\circ}C$로 열처리하여 고분해능 투과전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 코팅층은 비정질 카본 구조를 갖게됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 에폭시 수지에 의하여 코팅된 MCMB는 코팅되지 않은 MCMB보다 더 높은 BET 비표면적을 나타내었다. Li/MCMB 전지 cell을 만들어 충방전시험을 수행한 결과, 에폭시 수지에 의하여 코팅된 MCMB로 만든 전극이 더 우수한 충방전 용량과 싸이클 특성을 나타내었다. 에폭시 수지 코팅으로 전극 표면을 개질시킴으로서 전지특성이 개선된 원인에 관하여 에폭시 코팅의 결정구조와 전극계면에서의 부동태 피막(passivation film) 형성과 연계하여 논의하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.168-172
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• 2008

A microbial fuel cell is a noble green technology generating electricity from biomass and is expected to find applications in a real world. One of main hurdles to this purpose is the low power density. In this study, we constructed a prototype microbial fuel cell using Proteus vulgaris to study the effect of various reaction conditions on the performance. Main focus has been made on the modification of the anode with electropolymerized polypyrrole (Ppy). A dramatic power enhancement was resulted from the Ppy deposition onto the reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) electrode. Our obtained maximum power density of 1.2 mW cm-3 is the highest value among the reported ones for the similar system. Further power enhancement was possible by increasing the ionic strength of the solution to decrease internal resistance of the cell. Other variables such as the deposition time, kinds of mediators, and amount of bacteria have also been examined.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2007

Nano-sized Sn particles were coated with Ni-P layer using an electroless deposition method and their anodic performance was tested for lithium secondary batteries. Uniform coating layers were obtained, of which the thickness was controlled by varying the $Ni^{2+}$ concentration in the plating bath. It was found that the Ni-P layer plays two important roles in improving the anodic performance of Sn powder electrode. First, it prevents the inter-particle aggregation between Sn particles during the charge/discharge process. Second, it provides an electrical conduction pathway to the Sn particles, which allows an electrode fabrication without an addition of conductive carbon. A pseudo-optimized sample showed a good cyclability and high capacity ($>400mAh\;g^{-1}$) even without conductive carbon loading.

• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 1999

We deposited diamond-like carbon (DLC) films using ion beam sputtering of a graphite target on flat substrates for use as a thin film field emitter. An n-type silicon wafer, titanium-coated silicon, and indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass were used as a substrate. All films exhibited a sudden increase in the emission after a breakdown occurred at high voltage. The morphology of the films after the breakdown depended on the substrate. On ITO and Ti substrates, the DLC film peeled off upon breakdown, but on the Si substrate the surface melting due to breakdown resulted in the formation of various structures such as a sharp point, mound, and crater. By scanning the deformed surface with a tip anode, we found that the emission was concentrated at the deformed sites, indicating that the field enhancement due to the morphology change was responsible for the increased emission.