• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1980

The purpose of this survey was to study nutritional status of college students related to food habit, nutrient intake and health status. The survey was conducted at Yonsei University from January 10 to February 15 in 1979 (35days). The questionnaires were designed to find out food habit and nutrient intake status for 1, 051 and 215 freshmen respectively. The height and weight measurements were performed on 1,962 freshmen. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1) Average nutrient intake of male and female freshmen per day. For male student, calorie intake was 2,500 Kcal. This was composed of carbohydrate 426gm (68%), protein 91gm (15%), and fat 48gm (17%). For female student, calorie intake was 1,946 Kcal. This was composed of carbohydrate 354gm (73%), protein 77gm (16%), and fat 29gm (11%). Other nutrients, such as calcium (507gm), iron (11mg), vitamin A (432RE), and riboflavin (0.78mg), were lower than the recommended dietary allowances. The percentage of animal protein to total protein was 29% in male student, and 31% in female student. 2) Average height and weight of freshmen were found to be increased for 5 years, from 1975 to 1979. For male student, the height was increased by 2.1cm and weight by 2.5kg for 5 years. For female student, the height was increased by 1.5cm and weight by 1.6kg for 5 years.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.324-336
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to examine the changes of food and nutrient intakes of college students between 1999 and 2009. Dietary survey of 169 college students was conducted by a 24-hour recall method for three days in 2009. Food and nutrient intakes in 2009 were compared with the data from 106 students collected by the same methods in 1999. The intakes of cereals & grain products and vegetables in 2009 were lower than those of 1999, but the intakes of meats, eggs, milk & milk products, and manufactured food were higher. The intake of rice per person decreased greatly from 452.2 g in 1999 to 351.4 g in 2009 in males, and from 306.9 g to 237.2 g in females. While the intakes of protein, fat, thiamin, niacin, vitamin $B_6$, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and cholesterol were significantly higher, the intakes of dietary fiber were significantly lower in 2009 compared to 1999 both in males and females. The nutrients consumed less than the Recommended Intakes were vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, and calcium in males and additionally folate, iron, and zinc in females in both 1999 and 2009. The ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat as energy was 61 : 15 : 24 and 60 : 14 : 26 in 1999, and 54 : 16 : 30 and 56 : 15 : 29 in 2009 in males and females respectively, showing that carbohydrate intake decreased and fat intake increased greatly. Our data suggest that nutrition education is necessary for college students to help them consume more vegetables and fruits and less fat and cholesterol.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.18-31
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary behaviors as well as energy and nutrient intake in elementary and middle school students according to breakfast eating status. The survey was conducted using questionnaires and dietary records among 191 elementary school students and 280 middle school students residing in Chungnam. The subjects were divided into two groups according to frequency of eating breakfast: breakfast skipping (frequency of eating breakfast under 4 times/week) and breakfast eating (frequency of eating breakfast over 5 times/week). The rate of breakfast skipping was 27.2% for the elementary school students and 31.1% for the middle school students. The breakfast skipping group had a significantly lower frequency of having dinner, a lower proportion of eating at regular meal times, and a significantly higher frequency of leaving food after meals than the breakfast eating group for both elementary and middle school students. In the case of the elementary students, there was a significant difference in carbohydrate intake between the two groups. In the case of the middle school students, the intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin C, Ca, and Fe in the breakfast skipping group were significantly lower than those in the breakfast eating group. These results show that nutrient deficiencies among breakfast skipping individuals cannot be compensated for at the other meals during the day in middle school-aged adolescents whose nutrient requirements are high for growth. Therefore, in support of proper dietary management, it is necessary to promote and support breakfast eating in adolescents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.760-775
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• 1994

We evaluated the nutritional status of 116 Songmyun middle school students. The means of height and weight were similar to the standards published by the Ministry of Education(1991). The height of 79% of the subjects was in the normal range, and the height for 11% was below the normal range. While 27% of the subjects were underweight, 18% and 8% were overweight and obese, respectively. The percentage of anemia was 29%, and the mean urinary urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio was 8$\pm$4. Total daily energy and nutrient intake was 48-103% of RDAs, and especially calcium and iron intake was very low. Carbohydrate, protein and fat intake was 71%, 12% and 17% of total calories, respectively. Breakfast, lunch, dinner and the between meals provided 20%, 37%, 26% and 18% of total energy intake. Energy and nutrient intake from lunch box was 52-95% of the 1/3 RDAs. Our data suggest that the nutrition education for the meal planners of the subjects is necessary to improve the nutritional status of the subjects. In addition, the school lunch program is recommended.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1056-1064
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the difference between obese and non-obese male students. To conduct this study, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, serum lipids and insulin concentration, and daily nutrients intake of obese and non-obese mal students were measured. The results are as follows : The anthrometric measurements of the two groups showed significant difference in weight (P<0.01), waist(P<0.001), hip(p<0.0001) and thigh (P<0.001) circumference, % of body fat(p<0.0001), kg of body fat(p<0.001) and LBM (lean body mass, p<0.0001). On the other hand, the blood pressure, serum lipids and insulin, and daily nutrients intake of the two groups showed no significant difference. The WHR showed positive correlation with weight, BMI, waist circumference, % of body fat and kg of body fat in obese group. It is also founded that waist circumference, % of body fat, kg of body fat, serum triglyceride, energy and carbohydrate intake in non-obese group showed positive correlation with WHR.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.405-417
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• 1995

This research was designed to see the relationship among nutrient intake, food intake frequency and psychosocial stress in ordinary life. The subjects were 190 males and 263 females of university students in urban areas. There were significant correlations between nutrient intake and stress value, and between food intake frequency and stress value. In male, the more they consumed energy, protein and carbohydrate, the higher they had stress in several categories. But in female the results were reversed. Their stress values were lower when they have consumed protein source food frequently. And in general, stress values of female were higher than those of male. From these results, we conclude that nutrient intake tends to be decresed with increase stress in less stressful condition, but to be increased in more stressful condition.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in food and nutrient intake by smoking status among Korean. Food and nutrient intake in relation to smoking status was studied in 7,370 adults, aged 20 years and older in 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey, in which 24 hour recall method was used for dietary survey. Information of subject's smoking status was collected by interview as a part of health behavior survey. Analysis of variance was used to test the differences in food and nutrition intake among subjects following after Duncan's multiple range test among four different smoking exposure categories. Food intake of male ex-smoker was the highest in most of the food groups among the four groups of daily current smoker, occasional current smoker, ex-smoker and never smoker. There was significant differences observed in food intake of sugar, fruits, beverage, seasoning by the smoking status. It had been also observed that significantly high intake of energy from carbohydrate in non smoker compare to current smoker especially in male subjects. Fiber and vitamin C intake was also higher among non-smoker (never smoker and ex-smoker) than current smoker. In general, food and nutrient intake pattern of ex-smoker resembled those of never smoker than those of current smoker. Not likely the observation from European and American studies, fat intake was not statistically different between smoker (current) and non-smoker (ex-smoker and never smoker) among Korean.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1042-1051
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• 2003

To study the level of change in food and nutrient intake among different age groups, a dietary survey using the 24-hour recall method was conducted among 80 female elementary school children, 84 high school students, 100 adults from 25 to 35 years old and 120 elderly people over 60 years of age. The results of the study showed that plant food and total food intake were higher in adults and animal food intake was significantly higher in children. The percentage of plant food to total food intake was highest in the elderly and that of animal food to total food intake was highest in the children. The elderly consumed significantly less meat and poultry and more fish than the other groups. However, the children consumed significantly higher amounts of milk and dairy products. The elderly had the lowest Ca intake. Carbohydrate energy intake in the elderly was 70.3％, significantly higher than that for the other age groups. All of the age groups consumed a quantity of Ca below the Korean RDA and 77.5％ of the elderly consumed an amount below 75％ of the RDA. Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of most nutrients was lowest in the elderly. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, was 0.88 for the children, 0.84 for the adolescents, 0.80 for the adults, and 0.70 for the elderly. Therefore, the results show that food and nutrient intake changes with advancing age, and the overall quality of the diet of elderly people is lower than that for the other age groups.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10293-10298
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• 2015

Background: Previous epidemiologic studies on the association between energy intake and endometrial cancer risk have only generated contradictory results. The role of energy intake in endometrial carcinogenesis thus remains unclear. To quantitatively assess the potential association between energy intake and endometrial cancer, a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies was here conducted. Materials and Methods: Eligible studies were retrieved via both computerized searches and review of references. Fixed-or random-effect models were used to summarize the estimates of OR with 95%CIs. Stratified analyses on study design, region and macronutrients' calorie were performed. Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis. No association between total energy intake and endometrial cancer was observed in either overall group (OR=1.11, 95%CI 0.92-1.30) or subgroups stratified by study design and region. In the specific macronutrients' calorie analysis, higher fat energy intake was found to be associated with increased endometrial risk (OR=1.72, 95%CI 1.12-2.32) while energy from carbohydrate and protein was not related to endometrial cancer risk. Conclusions: Our analysis did not support that total energy intake is related to endometrial cancer risk, in contrast to fat energy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.524-530
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• 2002

To evaluate the role of obesity and nutrient intake on serum IGF-1 and serotonin levels in 80 elementary school children (aged 10. 8 yr, 47 boys, 33 girls), we investigated the anthropometric data and the nutrient intake by questionnaries including food daily record, and measured serum IGF-1 and serotonin using RIA and HPLC F-1050 respectively. We obtained the following results by obesity index (underweight-, normal-, obese group). The protein intake of normal group was higher than the others (p < 0.05). The underweight and obese groups had snacks more often than the normal group. The obese group preferred‘cookies’and‘fries’more than the other groups. The serum serotonin levels showed weak correlation with fat (r = 0.315, p < 0.01), fiber (${\gamma}$ = 0.280, p < 0.05) and energy intake (r = 0.242, p < 0.05), but no differences in anthropometric data by obesity index. The serum IGF-1 level was significantly correlated height (r = 0.649, p < 0.001), weight (r = 0.437, p < 0.001) and hip (r = 0.417, p < 0.001), but showed weak correlation with energy intake (r = 0.232, p < 0.05) and carbohydrate intake (r = 0.244, p < 0.05). In this study, we could see only partly correlation among the serum IGF-1 and serotonin and obesity and nutrient intake. Forker research is required into consideration of the essential role of these hormones during a growth period.