• 미생물학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.81-93
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• 1979

The mycelium of Rhizopus nigricans was harvested at intervals during the sporulation periods, fractioned into various cell components and analyzed the con!eiits of various cell materials in order to clarify the optimum conditions of sporulation and some characteristics of the metabolism during tke sporulation periods. The changes in enzyme activities, such as amylase and protease, were also measured during the sporulation period,. 1. Mycelium in distilled water culture, as control, did not sporulate but mycelial mat cultured in Petridish without mutrient spourulated. Optimum temperature range for sporulation was $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$. 2. During the sporulation and maturation periods, proteins, especially alkali-labile protein were decreased remarkably but free amino acid and ninhydrin reactive substances in acid soluble fraction were increased, compared with control. 3. Acid solable polyphosphate was decreased but acid insoluble polyphosphate was increased, during the sporulation. 4. Carbohydrate and hexosamine in acid soluble fraction were increased, while carbohydrate in alkali insoluble residual fraction was decreased during the sporulation periods. 5. Amounts of UV-absorbing material in deoxyribonucleic acid fraction was increased a little but those in ribonucleic acid fraction was decreased, compared with control. 6. Intracellular amylases and proteases activities insporulating mycelial mat were increased continuously during the sporulation and maturation periods.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.433-438
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• 1999

Two components of the neuroendocrine-hormonal response to long-term treatment of acarbose, adipose tissue-derived leptin and central neuropeptide Y (NPY), were investigated in the ICR mice on a high- carbohydrate diet. Acarbose, administered 5 or 50 mg per 100 g diet for four weeks, dose dependently suppressed body weight gain. The body weight gain was reduced along with the amount of daily food intake in 50 mg acarbose-treated group at $7^{th}\;and\;28^{th}$ day. 5 or 50 mg acarbose treatment administered for four weeks reduced leptin mRNA levels to 62% and 77% of the control group, demonstrating that the amount of leptin mRNA in adipocytes correlates with body weight. As dose of acarbose increased, leptin mRNA level also increased, suggesting that potent inhibition of ${\alpha}-glycosidase$ by a higher dose of acarbose furthers the enzyme activity and leptin gene consequently. On the other hand, central expression level of NPY gene was increased significantly compared with the control group at the same amount of acarbose administered, reflecting that leptin and NPY operate in a negative-feedback circuit to regulate body fat stores.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.504-512
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• 1990

In experiment 1, dietary self-selection of the 3 macronutrients, protein, fat, and carbohydrate were examined in male rats given 3 food cups of 80% carbohydrate, 80% protein, and 70% fat diets simultaneously. All the rats showed normal growth pattern and organ weight, which means they have ability to select just right kinds and amounts of nurients in order to support their growth and development. Mean values of caloric intake, body weight gain, serum lipid values and empty carcass compositions were not significantly differ between the upper and lower quartile groups of fat proportion of empty carcass compared to the lower quartile group(LF). Same feeding design was employed in experiment 2 where the effect of mild electric stress on food selection was studied. The rats in both control and electric stress group revealed a normal growth curve and organ weights. The rats in both control and electric stress group revealed a normal growth curve and organ weights. The stress group showed higher caloric intake and body weight gain than control group, but no significant effects of stress on serum and empty carcass components was found. Even though normal rats seemed to select macronutrients according to their physiolosical needs, there were individual differences in food selection whether they were exposed to stress or not. Therefore life long individual food selection pattern may have a great influence on nutritional status and chronic degenerative diseases of eldery, and on aging process.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2006

Milling qualities and indigestible carbohydrate fractions (ICF) depending on harvesting time of Goami2 (G2), mutant of Ilpum (IP) rice, was examined. Fifty days after heading (DAH) maximized head rice milling quality (57.69%) and ICF content ($5.09{\pm}0.36\;g/100\;g$). ICF contents and physical properties of G2 and IP at 50 DAH were compared. ICF of G2 was three times higher than that of IP ($1.61{\pm}0.09\;g/100\;g$). Parboiling treatment increased ICF of G2 to $7.18{\pm}0.16\;g/100\;g$. G2 showed lower water absorption index, which could lower pasting properties, but higher water solubility index, implying it contains more soluble components. Texture properties of G2 were different from those of IP, showing higher hardness, and lower adhesiveness and cohesiveness. Positive correlation was observed between ICF and hardness, but reverse correlation between ICF and cohesiveness.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.94-98
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• 2011

Proximate chemical components (protein, oil, carbohydrate, ash, fiber, and starch) were determined from tubers grown in upland and wetland conditions. The contents of crude protein, oil, carbohydrate, and starch were higher in upland condition than in wetland condition. Eight gibberellins were commonly identified and quantified in leaves and tuber of chufa grown in wetland and upland field during growing season. Gibberellin content was always higher specifically in the leaves and tubers grown in wetland condition than in those grown in upland condition. The current knowledge of gibberellin biosynthesis suggests that the two endogenous bio-active gibberellins both $GA_1$ and $GA_4$ are differently metabolized according to cultural conditions. Major gibberellin biosynthesis route is ascertained dominantly the non C-13 hydroxylation pathway leading $GA_4$ in chufa plants.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1323-1327
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• 2003

감은 예전부터 민간약으로 종기나 염증질환, 치질에 곶감을 이겨 붙였고 부스럼이나 화상에는 불에 말린 감을 바르면 통증을 멎게 하고 새살을 돋게 하는 효능이 있고 고혈압을 예방하고 동맥경화에 효과가 있는 성분이 있다고 알려져 있다. 사람의 plasma에서 thrombin time(TT)를 사용한 혈액 응고저해 assay를 이용하여 감꼭지에서 혈액응고저해물질을 겔여과크로마토그래피, 소수성크로마토그래피, 음이온교환크로마토그래피, 또 한번의 겔여과크로마토그래피를 통해 정제했다. 감꼭지의 혈액응고저해물질은 분자량이 130,000 ∼ 180,000으로 거대 분자이고 구성분은 C, H, O로 구성되어 있고 periodate oxidation시 거의 활성이 소멸되고 열에 안정하며 주로 glucose와 galactose로 구성된 다당류로 추정된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2014

본 연구는 제1기~제4기 국민건강영양조사 (1998~2009) 자료를 이용하여 10~18세 청소년을 대상으로 고탄수화물 식사 그룹 (HCLF)과 고지방 식사 그룹 (LCHF)의 식사 특성이 대사증후군 위험요인에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하였다. 1) 에너지 섭취비율은 HCLF 그룹의 경우 탄수화물 : 단백질 : 지질이 76.3 : 12.6 : 11.1 인 반면, LCHF 그룹의 경우 52.9 : 14.7 : 32.4 로 두 그룹 간 유의적 차이가 났으며, 에너지 섭취는 HCLF 그룹이 1,733.1 kcal로 LCHF 그룹의 2,233.0 kcal에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 2) 두 그룹 간 에너지 섭취를 연령별 에너지 필요 추정량에 대비해 평가해보니 HCLF 그룹은 평균 79.0%를 충족하였고, LCHF 그룹은 100.3%를 충족하였다. 3) 에너지 섭취 보정을 위해 1,000 kcal 당의 영양소 밀도로 평가해보면 HCLF 그룹은 탄수화물, 나트륨, 철, 칼륨, 비타민 C의 섭취량은 유의적으로 높았으나, 단백질, 지방, 칼슘, 인, 비타민 A, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 나이아신의 섭취량은 유의적으로 낮았다. 4) 대사증후군 위험요인을 비교해보면, HCLF 그룹에서 LCHF 그룹에 비해 혈청 중성지질 농도와 수축기 혈압은 유의적으로 높았고, 혈청 HDL-콜레스테롤은 유의적으로 낮았다. 다른 지표들은 두 그룹 간 차이가 없었다. 5) HCLF 그룹과 LCHF 그룹 간에 대사증후군 위험요인의 위험도와 대사증후군의 교차비는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 청소년 시기에도 고탄수화물 섭취가 대사증후군 지표에 영향을 미친다는 것을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 우리나라 탄수화물 섭취는 매우 높은 편이어서 앞으로 이 시기의 탄수화물의 질적, 양적 섭취 수준과 대사질환과의 관련성 연구가 더 이루어져야 하며, 성인기 만성질환으로의 이행에도 관련이 있으므로 장기적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2018

This study analyzed the general components of rice bread with 75% rice content such as water, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrate, and its nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E content, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids. The contents of crude protein were high and those of crude fat were low with the contents of crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat being 1.61, 18.50, 0.04 g/100 g respectively. Vitamin A was not detected and the contents of vitamin C and vitamin E were 3.85 and 3.04 mg/100 g, respectively. The calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron and sodium contents were 222.0, 117.90, 24.12, 2.30, 555.90 mg/100 g respectively. Rice bread contains 9 essential amino acids such as valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, threonine, lysine, phenylalanine, histidine, and arginine. The analysis of rice bread fatty acid showed 58.04 mg/100 g of saturated fatty acid, 26.31mg/100 g of monounsaturated fatty acid and 15.64 mg/100 g of polyunsaturated fatty acid. The total essential fatty acid content was 15.49 mg/100 g. With the rising interest in processed rice products, well-being, and diet, it is necessary to develop processed rice foods that are nutritional and low in calories using rice powder that is nutritionally better than flour.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.143-156
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the affecting factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and it's components in Korean adults in their 30s and 40s. Methods: The present study assessed 1,215 subjects who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014. We analyzed the prevalence rate of MetS and it's components and their affecting factors. Results: The prevalence rate of MetS was 16%. Family history of diabetes mellitus and, low or high saturated fat intake were associated with MetS in males. Low income, low education, excessive sleep, excessive carbohydrate and low saturated fat intake were associated with MetS in females. Triglycerides showed the highest prevalence in males and were related to white collar socioeconomic status, smoking, and obesity. Triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were high in females, and triglycerides were affected by excessive sleep, family history, low saturated fat intake, and obesity. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was affected by obesity. Conclusions: Because sex differences exist in MetS, it is necessary to intervene through diverse approaches. In particular, a continuous management and preventive intervention for obesity is needed.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.322-326
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop hydrolysate from silkworm (Cudrania Silkworm Fibroin Peptide; CSFP), a food containing components for improving blood vessel health. In general, Cudrania tricuspidata leaves contain about 5 times more rutin and 25 times more dihydroquercetin than mulberry leaves. 1-Deoxynojirimycine (1-DNJ), dihydroquercetin and rutin inhibit the activity of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, inhibit blood lipid peroxidation, and regulate insulin secretion, which helps blood vessels to be healthy. When the diet-controlled silkworm was enzymatically hydrolyzed, it was confirmed that rutin content was about 8 times higher than that of the in general silkworm as a control. In the silkworm hydrolysate, CSFP, developed as a final food material, the active ingredients were 65 mg/kg for rutin, 3,328 mg/kg for DNJ, 0.43 mg/kg for dihydroquercetin, and 82,624 mg/kg for total polyphenol, which was confirmed through LC-MS/MS analysis. In conclusion, it was found that silkworms fed with C. tricuspidata leaves as a diet had more active components that can help control blood sugar and improve blood vessel health than silkworms fed with mulberry leaves.