• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.598-601
• /
• 2006

In order to prevent chestnut from damaged by the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, a sprinkler system was installed on the chestnut orchard. Such a test was conducted at Sanchung-gun, Kyeongnam province, Korea in 2003 and 2004. Insecticide of carbaryl 50% WP, x1,500 was sprayed at every day and two-day intervals during the period of D. kuriphilus adult occurrence by sprinkler system. The chestnut gall wasps generally emerged for about 35 days from the middle June to the middle July, and peak emergence was 5 days of early July. Crown application of carbaryl by sprinkler system was found to be highly effective for control of the chestnut gall wasp. Gall formation rate of chestnut were 3.0 and 12.8% on average with crown insecticide spraying at every day and two-day intervals, while 82.9% when not treated. Control effectiveness of this insecticide spraying was 96.4% and 84.6%, respectively.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 1999

Effect of storage temperature, washing, and cooking on postharvest-treated pesticide residues in polished rice was investigated. After being treated with each 500 mg/kg of captan, carbaryl, phenthoate, fenthion, fenitrothion, chlorpyriphos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, the polished rice was stored for 8 weeks at 4 and 3$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The penetation rate of carbaryl was the highest as 27.5% and the others, 13 to 18%. The half lives of pesticide residues were estimated as 30 to 230 weeks at 4$^{\circ}C$, but 1 to 12 weeks at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The residues were reduced faster at 3$0^{\circ}C$ than at 4$^{\circ}C$. The half lives of pesticide residues by water washing were estimated as 0.7 to 4.6 trials and the removed with the washing trials. The residues of captan and carbaryl in cooked rice were removed 100 and 98%, respectively, comparing to initial residues concentration in treated rice but those of other 5 pesticides were removed 80%.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.17 no.12
• /
• pp.1325-1330
• /
• 2008

This study was carried out with the detection for multiresidue of the carbamate pesticide such as carbaryl and cabofuran by enzyme-inhibition method. The check time for determination of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity was selected at 60 sec. The AChE activity in chicken brain determined by the Ellman's method was $162{\mu}$mol/min/g protein. $I_{50}$ for AChE by carbamate pesticide with wet kit was 0.169mg/L of carbaryl and 0.089mg/L of cabofuran, respectively. The incubation time for enzyme kit with substrate kit was 30min for determination of AChE activity. Enzyme kit with substrate kit was stable at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;25^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. Limit detection concentration of carbaryl with dry kit for AChE was 0.05mg/L. The dry kit such as wet kit applied Enzyme-Inhibition(EI) method with AChE was confirmed the multi residue method to detect the carbamate pesticides.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2002

In this study, the levels of DEHA, carbaryl, and amitrole contained in the fresh water fishes and amphibians were determined. The 31 sampling sites were selected including 29 sites along the several rivers and 2 sites from the well-known wet lands. The rivers consists of the Han, Nakdong, Kum, Youngsan, and other small scaled rivers. DEHA was detected from 10 sites, but carbaryl and amitrole were not detected at any sites. The highest average concentration of DEHA was determined from the Kum River by $52.7{\mu}g/kg$. In the detected 10 sites, the average concentration of DEHA from fishes was $40.0{\mu}g/kg$, and that from amphibians was $8.90{\mu}g/kg$ which indicates that 5 times more DEHA was observed from fishes than amphibians. The detection frequency from fishes was 10/62 while that from amphibians was 2/62, and the highest concentration from fishes was $95.5{\mu}g/kg$ (crucians from Kongjoo) and that from amphibians was $12.1{\mu}g/kg$ (bullfrog from Najoo). Among the 10 detected sites, 6 sites were agricultural area and the other 4 sites were semi-urban area.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2018

Carbaryl and seven organophosphorous pesticides were analyzed simultaneously using on-line solid phase extraction (on-line SPE) coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The target pesticides are Carbaryl, Methyl demeton, Fenitrothion, Malathion, Parathion, Phenthoate, Diazinon, and EPN. This method includes the direct injection of $500{\mu}L$ in the water sample, a 15 min separation period using a rapid resolution liquid chromatography system with on-line SPE, and detection through electrospray ionization (ESI) positive mode. The percentage of recovery of all pesticides ranged from 85.3 % to 100 %. This method showed an accuracy of ${\geq}90.0%$, possessing limits of detection and quantification within 0.05 to $0.28{\mu}g/L$ and 0.16 to $0.89{\mu}g/L$, respectively. The correlation coefficients (r) for the calibration curves within a range of 0.5 to $8.0{\mu}g/L$ were higher than 0.99. The evaluation results showed the efficacy of the method for all contents, and no pesticides were detected in the water quality sample.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.6 s.86
• /
• pp.828-830
• /
• 2007

To determine the effects of newly developed insecticide (Ultra) on Sycamore lace bug (Corythucha ciliata), ten leaf discs were sprayed with the Ultra solution including the other selected commercialized insecticide solutions such as Carbaryl and Pirimicarb, and also with a water-sprayed control. According to the results, the control effect of Ultra on the adults and immatures was respectively 98.9% and 97.5% after 48hr, and the corresponding values were higher than that of the other tested insecticides (i.e Carbaryl showed 84.6% for adults and 85.6% for immatures; Pirimicarb showed 83.0% for adults and 90.7% for immatures). For the Susceptibility test, LC$_{50}$ value of Ultra showed the lowest as 1.5ppm, the value of Carbaryl and Pirmicarb were 3.7 ppm and 30.4 ppm, respectively. Therefore, the insecticidal effects were better for the newly developed insecticide than the commercialized insecticides.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.265-272
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out with the detection for multiresidue of the organophosphorus pesticides such as malathion, parathion. diazinon, and carbamate pesticide such as carbaryl, by enzyme-inhibition method. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cholinesterase (ChE) activities in chicken brain determined by the Ellman's method were 166.6 and 5.8 $\mu$mol/min/g protein, and in chicken plasma were 23.1 and 8.3 $\mu$mol/min/g protein, respectively. The optimum pH of AChE and ChE was 8.2 and 7.8, respectively. The Km of AChE and ChE was 0.034 and 0.045 mM, respectively. I$\_$50/ for AChE and ChE by some organophosphorus was 55.82 and 99.42 mg/L of malathion, 31.16 and 29.13 mg/L of parathion, and 17.89 and 19.62 mg/L of diazinon, respectively. I$\_$50/ for AChE and ChE by carbaryl of carbamate was 0.10 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively. The 0.07 mg/L of drinking water advisory level for carbaryl could be detected with I$\_$50/ of AChE and ChE. Enzyme-Inhibition (EI) method with AChE and ChE was used the multiresidue method to detect the 1 mg/L of the carbamate pesticides.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.266-271
• /
• 2006

This study was monitored for 14 pesticide residues in agricultural products for the army, such as fruit vegetables(pepper, cucumber, pumpkin, melon and water melon), leafy vegetables(Korean cabbage, spinach, lettuce, crown daisy, cabbage, green onion), mushrooms(agaric, p'yogo), and bean sprouts produced in Kyunggi-do and Inchon-City. From January to December 2005, ten carbamate pesticides in 356 samples were analyzed by HPLC. One kind of pesticide was detected in 8 samples of detection rate (2.53%), and two pesticides were in one sample of detection rate(0.27%). Aldicarb, bendiocarb, fenobucarb, methiocarb, isoprocarb, and propoxur were not found in all samples. Detection rates of pesticides were 0.84% for methomyl, 0.56% for carbofuran, 0.56% for ethiofencarb, and 0.28% for carbayl. Dectection ranges of pesticides were from 0.01 to 2.9 mg/kg for ethiofencarb, from 0.1 to 0.23 mg/kg for methomyl, from 0.20 to 0.24 mg/kg for carbofuran, and 0.01 mg/kg for carbaryl, respectively. Consequently, detection levels of all pesticides in samples were less than the maximum residue limits(MRLs) in Korea representing that all agricultural products for the army were safe.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.560-568
• /
• 1991

The simultaneous determination method which simply determined regulated pesticides was investigated. Sample was extracted with acetone-methanol and partitioned with methylene chloride after addition of saturated NaCl solution. Entract was purified by Bio-Beads S-X3 column using cyclohexane-methylene chloride (1 : 1) as eluate. The determination of pesticides was performed by BP-1 capillary column gas chromatography using ECD and NPD. The average recoveries of pesticides in rice and soy fbean were over 83% and 81%, respectively. It was possible to detect pesticides in rice up to 0.002 ppm by $\alpha-BHC$ and up to 0.05 ppm by carbaryl and in soy bean up to 0.01 ppm by ${\alpha}$-BHC and up to 0.3 ppm by carbaryl.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.21 no.4 s.55
• /
• pp.311-316
• /
• 2006

미꾸리(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)에 대한 4가지 농약(diazinon, carbaryl, fenpropathrin, myclobutanil)의 급성독성을 평가하기 위하여, 치어 및 자어 단계(postlarva I, postlarva II, 8 WPH(weeks posthatch), 16 WPH, 20 WPH, 32 WPH, 40 WPH)의 미꾸리를 사용하여 급성독성실험을 실시하였다. 각 생육단계 별로 구해진 각 실험농약의 96-hr $LC_{50}$값을 비교하여 미꾸리에 대한 급성독성이 높은 순서를 정리한 결과는 Fenproparthri>Diazinon>Carbaryl, Myclobutanii 순으로 나타났다. 또한, 본 연구에서 사용된 4가지 농약의 독성은 미꾸리의 생육단계에 따라 차이를 나타냈다. 농약에 대한 감수성이 민감한 미꾸리의 생육단계 순으로 정리하면 Postlarva I>Postlarva II, 8 WPH>16 WPH, 20 WPH, 32 WPH, 40 WPH 나타났다. 그러므로 환경관리 및 규제목적으로 미꾸리 성체를 사용하여 독성실험을 할 경우에는 독성을 과소평가 할 수도 있음을 보여주었다.