• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.583-584
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• 2007

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.523-531
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• 2011

급속한 세계화와 블록경제체제는 한 일간의 교역을 크게 확대시켜 취급품목도 경공업분야로부터 중공업분야까지 다양하게 증대되었다. 이러한 국제교역의 확대는 원활한 운송시스템을 필요하게 되었고, 특히 한 일간 기계류나 호화 요트와 같은 특수화물에 대한 운송수요로 카-훼리 국제복합운송체제가 발전하게 되었다. 카-훼리 국제복합운송은 "문전에서 문전까지"라는 하주의 욕구를 충족시켜 주지만 그로 인해 불명손해의 클레임을 야기시킨다. 본 논문의 목적은 한 일간 카-훼리 국제복합운송에 따른 불명손해의 원인과 문제점을 규명하여 합리적인 책임배분에 의한 대응방안을 모색해 한 일간 카-훼리 국제복합운송의 지속적인 발전을 도모함에 있다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2017

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the exposure levels of door-to-door deliverers to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Another objective was to confirm the general working patterns of door-to-door deliverers via survey. Methods: In the city of Daegu, ten door-to-door deliverers who wished to join the study were recruited. The general working characteristics of door-to-door deliverers were surveyed using self-reported questionnaires. In the cabin of each car driven by a deliverer, a real-time PM2.5 sampler (Sidepak, Model AM510, TSI Inc., MN, USA) and a GPS device (GPS 741, Ascen, Korea) were installed. Each deliverer was monitored for four days per week so that each day could be monitored at least four times. Results: A total of 40 measurements of PM2.5 concentrations were taken during delivery of parcels. The average exposure levels of door-to-door deliverers to PM2.5 was $44.62{\mu}g/m^3$ ($7-9443{\mu}g/m^3$. Exposure levels to PM2.5 according to the day of the week and coverage areas were not significantly different (p>0.05). Door-to-door deliverers using trucks with older diesel engines manufactured before 2006 had significantly higher exposure levels to PM2.5 than in the case of trucks with diesel engines manufactured after 2006 (p<0.05). Many of the door-to-door deliverers reported the status of having windows open during the delivery task. During delivery services, the working hours spent in residential areas were higher than on roadsides, but exposure levels to PM2.5 in residential areas and on roadsides were $46.17{\mu}g/m^3$ and $49.90{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Real-time PM2.5 exposure levels were significantly different between roadways and residential areas (p<0.001). Conclusions: PM2.5 exposure levels of door-to-door deliverers were found to be affected by higher vehicle emissions from the roadsides near their vehicle during deliveries and while driving to other locations compared to by PM2.5 from the diesel engines of their own trucks. Particle concentrations from roadsides and emissions from nearby vehicles through open windows were the main source of PM2.5.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2022

The purpose of the cover housing component of a car door is to protect the terminals of the plug housing that connects the electric control unit on the door side to the car body. Therefore, for a smooth assembly with the plug housing and to prevent contaminants from penetrating into the gaps that occur after assembly, the warpage of the cover housing should be minimized. In this study, to minimize the warpage of the cover housing, optimization was performed for design factors related to the mold and processes based on the injection molding simulation. These design factors include gate location, gate diameter, injection time, resin temperature, mold temperature, and packing pressure. To optimize the design factors, Taguchi's approach to the design of experiments was adopted. The optimal combination of the design factors and levels that minimize warpage was predicted through L₁₈-orthogonal array experiments and main effects analysis. Moreover, the warpage under the optimal design was estimated by the additive model, and it was confirmed through the simulation experiment that the estimated result was quite consistent with the experimental result. Additionally, it was found that the warpage under the optimal design was significantly improved compared to both the warpage under the initial design and the best warpage among the orthogonal array experimental results, which numerically decreased by 36.9% and 23.4%, respectively.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

The thickness of original hinge model is changed for structural stability in this study. The front end with the largest deformation of 9.8813 mm or the rear middle part with the largest equivalent stress of 6082.6 MPa is respectively shown at door hinge. The lower part of joint pin head with the largest deformation of 0.17499 mm and the largest equivalent stress of 1540.2 MPa are shown. The advanced model with more thickness and stability is shown to have smaller displacement in half and smaller equivalent stress by 3 times by comparing with the original model.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.132-137
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• 2004

In order to reduce automobile parts weight, TWB(Tailored welded blank) forming is widely used in the forming of car panel, such as door inner, side outer panels. In this study, one of the current problems of TWB forming was analyzed, especially for the try-out process of TWB door inner panel without frame. A comparison was made between actual panel measurements and results of forming analysis for formability and springback.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.170-177
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• 1997

In this study, an analysis technique using simple beam model for predicting structure crashworthiness of the passenger car side impacted with an angle by another passenger car was investigated. The simple model was composed of major beam-like side structure which carry almost all side impact load. A procedure of component collapse test, calculation of load carrying capability and dynamic simulation was carryed out sequentially. Transient dynamic algorithms and a computer program to simulate deformations and motions of the impacted car was developed. The developed procedure was applied to a 3 door passenger car side impacted with an angle of 75 degree and the analysis results show good agreements with the actual test results.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2020

The currently observed trend in car manufacturing is to increase energy-efficiency by producing lighter cars. This study examines the replacement of particular parts, specifically around the impact beam, with material composites 30% lighter than conventional steel currently used. The shape of the impact beam was determined as the trapezoidal cross-sectional area with central reinforcement, using three-point bending analysis. A prototype was fabricated based on the findings of our study and its performance was evaluated by the three-point bending analysis; 2 ply of aramid applied for its displacement. The performance of the final prototype for the door assembly was evaluated using a side-door strength test, which resulted to measured initial strength of 10.5 KN and intermediate strength of 15.6 KN. This research provides a promising solution for better impact beam manufacturing.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1993년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.243-251
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• 1993

With the recent issuance of a dynamic side impact test regulation in the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard in the United States of America, many aspects of occupant protection in side impact crashes have been under investigation. Many investigations of real world accidents, crash test results and simulation studies have established that in side impact crashes of passenger cars, thoracic and pelvic injuries of occupant are, large part, caused by occupants' impact against the interior side of the vehicle, primarily the door. This paper is concerned with the development of a lumped mass computer model, which simulates the interaction of a struck car door and an adjacent seated occupant in side impacr, based CTP code which has been successfully used in vehicle and occupant simulation. New model developments include elimination of influence of vehicle side structure stiffness in the occupant injury responses. The model was used to investigated the effect of various door padding characteristics on occupant responses to improve vehicle safety performance. The evaluation of different crush properties of door padding have also focused to understand of behavior of impacted occupant. Results from simulations, The effects of both material coefficients $C_{f}$ and p were illustrated in terms of occupant injury criteria TTI and pelvis.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.909-917
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• 2007

Recently the trend of automobile industry is that IQS evaluation index against a sensitivity quality is increasing. To reduce rattle noise due to speaker sound at low frequencies, it is required the advanced investigation of a package tray panel and a door module panel. This paper optimized the design parameters of package tray panel according to the theoretical background about robust design and suggested the design guideline for resonance avoidance and the reduction of vibrational sensitivity considering the excitation frequency of woofer speaker. In addition, it is suggested the design guideline of a door module panel through the sensitivity analysis in case of the speaker excitation. Finally, the design factor analysis of the quality deviation of a mother-car will make it possible to guarantee the stable characteristics of vehicle vibration in the early stage of vehicle development. These improvements can lead to shortening the time needed to develop better vehicles.