• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• 제21권sup1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2009

The tiny fragment of freshwater body is providing home for huge biodiversity and resources for the existence of human. The competing demand for freshwater have been increased rapidly and it caused the declination of biodiversity in recent decades. Unlike the natural process of extinction in gradual progress, the current species extinction is accelerated by human activity. As a result many fish species are already extinct or alive only in captivity in the world and about fifty eight animal species are in endangered in Korea including eighteen freshwater species. Conservation of biodiversity is the process by which the prevention of loss or damage is attained, and is often associated with management of the natural environment. The practical action is classified into in-situ, or ex-situ depending on the location of the conservation effort. Recovery means the process by which the status of endangerment is improved to persist in the wild by re-introduction of species from ex-situ conservation population into nature or translocation of some population. However there are a lot of restrictions to complete it and successful results are known very rare in case. In this article the authors explore some strategies for conservation and restoration of freshwater fish species conducted in Korea for few years. The major causes are discussed in relation with the decline of freshwater fish diversity during few decades and some strategies are evaluated to advance the process of conservation. A study on the Korean bullhead, Pseudobagrus brevicorpus, is introduced as a case for ex-situ conservation and restoration in freshwater ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.384-394
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to explore family member's caregiving stress and satisfaction of care for patients with dementia in long term care facilities and day care centers. Methods: The subjects were 129 family members of elders with dementia from ten long term care facilities and eight day care centers in Daegu and Kyungsangbukdo. Data were collected from August to October, 2007. The instruments were self administered questionnaires and included. The Family Perceptions of Caregiving Role (FPCR) and the Family Perceptions of Care Tool (FPCT) which were developed by Maas and Buckwalter (1990) and translated by Park (2002). Results: Family member's care giving stress in day care centers were higher than that of long term care facilities (t=-2.89, p=.005) especially in the categories of captivity (t=-3.27, p=.001), guilty (t=-2.93, p=.004), and loss (t=-2.44, p=.016). Family member's satisfaction of care in day care centers was higher than that of long term care facilities (t=-3.21, p=.002) in the (use - categories or measures since you are referring to the instrument and delete aspects) aspects of effective management (t=-3.69, p=.000) and activity (t=-2.00, p=.045). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that family members' perceptions toward their care giving roles and satisfaction of care differ whether the facilities are long term care or day care centers. This study provides baseline data that could be used for improving the quality of long term care services.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.799-805
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• 2017

The whistle sounds of three Beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas were recorded four times, for an hour each time, in 2016 and analyzed to obtain the most stable and basic acoustic characteristics of the whales in captivity. This study investigated the whistle characteristics of beluga whales and the relationship between whistle sounds and behavior to understand the meaning of the whistle sounds. The whistles were classified into six types (flat, ascending, descending, hump, dip, and wavy type) by their frequency contour and shape. The most common type was the ascending type, accounting for>30% of total whistles. The fundamental frequency of whistles was 2.0-8.6 kHz. Four types of behavior were related with the sounds of beluga whales (aggressive, submissive, affiliative, sexual behavior). A flat whistle was the most recorded in the group and an aggressive act was observed in association with the flat whistle. A dip whistle were recorded more when submissive acts were observed.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2000

Hormone induction in maturation and ovulation was carried out with spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus) which normally does not spawn spontaneously in captivity. Prior to spawning females were treated with human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG 265-678 IU/kg BM) 17 ${\alpha}$-hydroxy 20-${\beta}$-dihydroprogesterone (17 ${\alpha}$ 20${\beta}$ OHP 0.5-1.0${\mu}$g/kg BW) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue pellet (LHRHa pellet 63-81 ${\mu}$g/kg BW) In all the trials HCG injection succeeded in inducing ovulation at 265-300 IU/kg BW. HCG at 620 or 678 IU/kg BW was ineffective in inducing a good rate of ovulation. Final maturation and ovulation were not stimulated by treatment of 17 ${\alpha}$ 20${\beta}$OHP and LHRHa pellet. These results suggest that HCG injection (around 300 IU/kg BW) is more effective compared with LHRHa pellet implantation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.92-94
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• 2002

A male harbor seal (Phoca bitulina) about 10 years of age died. The seal was presented for necropsy in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chungbuk National University in August 2001. The seal had been a concrete pool in zoo for 4 years. The exact duration of captivity was unknown. The carcass was weighed about 90 kg and was about 140 cm length. At necropsy, 2 adult filarioid worms were found in the right and left ventricles. The filaroid worms weren't found in the other organs. The parasites were slender white nematodes. A male nematode in the right ventricle was 14 cm long, and a female nematode in the left ventricle was 26 cm long in length. The parasites were identified as Dirofilaria immitis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2020

The red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) is an endangered, large-bodied crane native to East Asia. It is a traditional symbol of longevity and its long lifespan has been confirmed both in captivity and in the wild. Lifespan in birds is known to be positively correlated with body size and negatively correlated with metabolic rate, though the genetic mechanisms for the red-crowned crane's long lifespan have not previously been investigated. Using whole genome sequencing and comparative evolutionary analyses against the grey-crowned crane and other avian genomes, including the long-lived common ostrich, we identified redcrowned crane candidate genes with known associations with longevity. Among these are positively selected genes in metabolism and immunity pathways (NDUFA5, NDUFA8, NUDT12, SOD3, CTH, RPA1, PHAX, HNMT, HS2ST1, PPCDC, PSTK CD8B, GP9, IL-9R, and PTPRC). Our analyses provide genetic evidence for low metabolic rate and longevity, accompanied by possible convergent adaptation signatures among distantly related large and long-lived birds. Finally, we identified low genetic diversity in the red-crowned crane, consistent with its listing as an endangered species, and this genome should provide a useful genetic resource for future conservation studies of this rare and iconic species.

• Development and Reproduction
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2021

Effects of water temperature and hormones on ovarian development of conger eel in Korea were investigated. Ovarian development was analyzed by measuring gonadosomatic index (GSI) and oocyte diameter with histological methods. At rearing water temperatures of 12℃, 14℃, and 16℃, GSI value increased from 3.66 at the start of the experiment to 7.44, 8.82, and 7.34 at the end of the experiment, respectively. At rearing water temperatures of 12℃, 14℃, and 16℃, egg diameter increased from 245.11-300.25 ㎛ at the start of the experiment to 377.62-480.27 ㎛, 396.72-498.54 ㎛, and 382.29-475.69 ㎛ at the end of the experiment, respectively. Follicular oocyte development revealed that primary yolk globule stage observed from January to March. It entered to secondary yolk globule stage in April and remained at the same stage until July. As a result of examining effects of three hormones (human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa), and salmon pituitary extraction (SPE) on ovarian development, HCG was found to be the most effective one. The progress from diapause of the secondary yolk globule stage to migratory nucleus stage of oocytes could be induced by treating fish with HCG at 1,000 IU/kg. The effect of hormone treatment on ovarian development of conger eel in Korea was the most effective at water temperature of 14℃.

• Korean Journal of Ornithology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2018

Electrocution is one of the key components affecting the mortality of birds. Various electrocution-decreasing methods refer to two directions: safe perching with insulation versus perching restriction. In Yesan County, we have reintroduced 30 oriental storks (Ciconia boyciana) since 2015. Two female storks died due to electrocution while perching in a utility pole in 2016. To reduce such electrocution mortality in storks, a branch of Korea Electric Power Corporation partly installed insulators in 630 utility poles located in the major habitats of Yesan in 2016-2017. Simultaneously, we conducted an experiment to reduce the perching events using 8 captive storks and the two types of common utility poles along with/without the installation of bird-spikes and/or wires in Mar-Jun of 2017. Our results indicated the installation of additional wires alone exhibited a lack of reduction in perching, while those of bird-spikes or both significantly decreased their perching frequencies. Therefore, the present study highlights the installation of bird spikes on top of utility poles may elicit a better effect so that storks avoid perching in utility poles, presumably resulting in lowering potential electrocution in the wild.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2022

Zoological Parks house exclusive animal species, thus creating a source of education and awareness for visitors. Big cats like tigers and leopards are among the most visited species in zoos globally. However, they often display stressful or stereotypic behaviours. Such behaviours are influenced by multiple factors including visitors, animal history, and captive environment. To understand this impact, we investigated the behavioural response of tigers and leopards to visitation, captive, and biological factors. The behaviour of eight big cats housed in the National Zoological Park, New Delhi, was monitored using focal sampling technique during May and June 2019. We recorded the captive and biological factors and visitor density for the subjects. The study revealed high proportions of inactive and stereotypic behaviours amongst the species. Tigers and leopards were found to perform stereotypic behaviours for 22% and 28% of their time, respectively. Generalised Linear Models revealed a significant variation of stereotypy in association with the factors. Stereotypy was influenced by visitor density, age, sex, breeding history, coat colour, and enclosure design. Adults, males, white-coated, previously bred, and those housed in smaller and simple enclosures display more stereotypy than young, females, normal-coated, unbred, and those housed in larger and complex enclosures, respectively. A high density of visitors induced more stereotypic behaviours amongst the big cats. As providing entertainment and awareness amongst the public is one of the fundamental objectives of the zoo, visitors can not be avoided. Thus, we suggest providing appropriate enrichments that would reduce stereotypies and promote naturalistic behaviours.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2008

This study conducted a survey on the moulting sequence subsequent to age of Haliaeetus pelagicus raised in captivity at the Ornithology Laboratory attached to Kyungsung University for about six years from November, 2000 until July, 2006. The survey indicated that the moult of rectrices usually began in July and continued until April of the next year and most of the rectrices were replaced by one-time moult. Usually, about two thirds of the tail feathers were replaced while the rest were replaced no later than April of the next year, and the moult also continued during the wintertime. The total number of rectrices was 14, and the moult progressed alternately on a systematic basis. The progress of the moult for female & male was made on four stages and three stages respectively and the characteristic shown on every stage of the moult was that the left & right tail feathers progressed symmetrically and not until one stage of progress almost completed did the next stage began. The color of the juvenile steller's sea-eagle was dotted with black spots on its original white color and there existed regular black belt on its feather's fringes; however, it was difficult to identify its age by tail feathers only because there was almost no difference in color between feathers ranging from the first to the third generation(1st-3rd summer feathers). In addition, this research took the different amounts of black-speckled pattern appearing by individual into consideration. There existed slight black speckles in white color feathers of the fourth generation(the 4th summer feathers) while showing a big difference compared to the 3rd generation feathers. The 5th generation feathers[the 5th summer feathers]were found to be equipped with perfect tail feathers having virgin white of a steller's sea-eagle after completing its 4th molt. When observing a steller's sea-eagle in the open air, it is necessary for an observer to have a deliberate examination in judging its age belonging to the 1st-3rd generation feathers, and it is considered that the changes of other parts of feathers should be also observed besides tail feathers.