• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 2017

Objectives : As of 2013, South Korea ranked number one in the world in smartphone penetration rate with 67.6%. Unfortunately, with the rise of smart phone use, side effects such as fraud, loss of personal information, identity theft, formation and widening of a mobile information gap, and last, but not least, smart phone addiction, also increased. Methods : Seventh (7th)graders from a girls' junior high school in Seoul, the capital of South Korea, we reevaluated the Smart phone Addiction Proneness Scale (S-scale). Among the 9 students classified as high risk users, 5 were randomly selected for a study group, and the remaining 4 students, meanwhile, were designated as a control group. The study group received Korean medicine music therapy (KMMT) in a total of 8 sessions, each session lasting 50 minutes. Both pre- and post-interventions, the two groups completed the S-scale, Harris and Harris' concentration grid exercise, STAI, and STAXI-K. We analyzed the data by t-test and paired t-test using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results : KMMT had a significant influence on proneness to smart phone addiction (t=3.130, p=.035). KMMT had positive effects on concentration improvement (t=-2.935, p=.043), trait-anxiety symptoms improvement (t=2,992, p=.040), and anger-expression control (t=4.416, p=.012). Conclusions : KMMT had positive, improving effects on trait anxiety and anger expression, which in turn enhanced the improvement of concentration as well as the decrease of smart phone-addiction proneness.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of symptomatic postdiscectomy pseudocyst (PP) after endoscopic discectomy and to compare the results of surgical and conservative management of them. Methods: Initial study participants were 1,503 cases (1,406 patients) receiving endoscopic lumbar discectomy by 23-member board of neurosurgeons from March 2003 to October 2008. All patients' postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were evaluated. On the postoperative MRI, cystic lesion of T2W high and T1W low at discectomy site was regarded as PP. Reviews of medical records and radiological findings were done. The PP patients were divided into two groups, surgical and conservative management by treatment modality after PP detection. We compared the results of the two groups using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for low back pain (LBP), VAS for leg pain (LP) and the Oswestry disability index (ODI). Results: Among 1,503 cases of all male soldiers, the MRls showed that pseudocysts formed in 15 patients, about 1.0% of the initial cases. The mean postoperative interval from surgery to PP detection was 53.7 days. Interlaminar approach was correlated with PP formation compared with transforaminal approach. (p=0.001).The mean VAS for LBP and LP in the surgical group improved from 6.5 and 4.8 to 2.0 and 2.3, respectively. The mean VAS for LBP and LP in the conservative group improved from 4.4 and 4.4 to 3.9 and 2.3, respectively. There was no difference in treatment outcome between surgical and conservative management of symptomatic PP. Conclusion: Although this study was done in limited environment, symptomatic PP was detected at two months' postoperative period in about 1% of cases. Interlaminar approach seems to be more related with PP compared with transforaminal approach.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.50-70
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• 2013

The creation of new economic paradigm shift in creative economy age have influence on the characteristics of social networks and space, it leads to the formation of new relationship in space depending on social network service development. In this paper, it gives a name to 'social network resource' the power affecting these features and to find the meaning of spatial changes in the economic geography perspectives. 'Social network resource' shows the characteristics of openness, sharing, participation and cooperation, with features of encompassing all the features of local and global characteristics in space. This features are related the meaning of 'trans-locality' and can be found in the case of 'WikiSeoul.com (http:/www.wikiseoul.com)', Seoul's social knowledge sharing web platform. In particular, physical resources, human resources, information resources, and the characteristics of the relationship as a resource features was found and these features appear in space is projected to the space of social relations, it reflects the characteristics of qualitative space regarding social network resource.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.6 s.111
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• pp.653-670
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to explore a spatial agglomeration characteristics and innovative milieu of the shoemaking industry in Seoul. In order to explain it, currently discussed dynamic agglomeration economies approach is applied and as an example, shoemaking industry in Seoul has been analyzed. The result of this research can be boardly summarized into two points. Frist, agglomeration economy is changing from urbanization economy to localization economy in this newly rising core of shoemaking industry which is Sung-Su dong area. Also, cooperative effects based on collective efficiency between companies and people are being generated within the area. This is largely affected by networking infrastructure between companies and people within the area, non-trade dependency and social capital acclamation. Secondly, the lack of institutional agglomeration formation in this area is considered to be the obstacle for the long-term development and innovation spin-off. This means recognition switch-over and institutional concern and support is needed in the future from the public sector.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.7
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• pp.127-139
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to research the change of Tibet's commercial district following Tibet's globalization(traditional clothing to modern clothing). Tibet's traditional culture is fastly changing for two major reasons: Chinese government's persistent assimilation policy on minority ethnic groups and globalization, a powerful trend worldwide. Therefore this investigation was conducted on the most preeminent feature of life, clothing culture, at capital city Lhasa where modernization is most prominent and fast in Tibet. For this, the first field investigation was conducted between February 5th and 15th, 2007. and the second investgation was between January 16th and 25th, 2008. As a result, the study on clothing globalization in Lhasa, Tibet, reaches the conclusion as follows: Based on such developments, commerce of Lhasa has been modernized, bringing about great change in composition and formation of its commercial district. Stores have been modernized and their service quality has improved. While the number of traditional clothes shops has decreased, various types of modern clothes shops have emerged. Modern clothes stores mostly consist of quality men's wear shops, casual clothing shops targeting those in their 20s, and sportswear shops reflecting global trend. This composition indicates that it is men and younger generation who first adopt new culture emerged through globalization. Tibet's modernization and social development have become an integral part of globalization and public sentiment. Therefore, its modernization will be driven by power and capability of the public, rather than by policy control of the central government.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.98-106
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• 2002

This study was designed to present a river model with the aim of restoring the ecosystem and improving the landscape along the urban rivers on the basin of the Namhanl river, a core life channel for the National Capital regin. The revelation of botanical status, transition trend and correlation of plants might lead to providing the urban river restoration projects and ecological river formation projects with basic data for a model of ideal aquatic ecology and landscape. The outcomes of this study could be summed up as follows: 1. The plant communities of river flora found on the basin of the Namhan river could be categorized largely into 39 plant communities 2. Most diverse plants were distributed in the rivers lower reaches such as Unsim-ri where the protected zone of Paldang reservoir for city water borders the body of Jodae swamp where natural streams flow nearby. 3. One of the greatest threats to the biomass of the River Namhan is that the communities of such invasive alien plants as Panicum dichotomiflorum and Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior dominate most parts of the area, a fact that has resulted in a reduced variety of plants and will, sooner or later, be likely to cause an ecological imbalance in the hitherto healthy Aquatic plant life. It is highly advisable to gradually diversify the species of trees and to return the plants bark to their original state since, besides the naturalized plants, plantations afforested with Erigeron canadensis and Erigeron annuus stocks in buckwheat field, Robinia Pseudo-accacia in riverside forest, Pinus rigida in terrestrial forest on the river basin and Larix leptolepis are anticipated to act as interceptors of normal migrations of the fluvial and terrestrial ecosystems. Finally, it seems also desirable to continue to explore the relationship between fluvial and terrestrial ecologies with the purpose of building up a model of natural streams in urban areas based on the surveyed factors for plant life, soil and landscape and, moreover, on the forecasting for overall influences derived from the rotation upon the ecosystem.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.445-456
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• 2010

Human capital variables have been considered as very important determinants of career success. In this study have two purposes. The first is to examine the relationship between informal networking and career success. And gender moderated the relationship between informal networking and employability. The major findings of the study are summarized as follows: First, informal networking had positive effect on the career success. The relationship between members of the organization in the formation of informal relationships between the trust and if the organization's members to form a supportive organizational culture and organizational citizenship behaviors through which organizations such as the positive outcomes will be achieved. So informal networking have been considered as very important determinants of career success. Second, regarding the moderating effect of gender on the informal networking and employability, and informal networking played more important roles for men than woman in employability.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.71-94
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• 2008

This study examines the examples and changes of wooden member terms in Yeonggeon-euigwe(營建儀軌) in the era of Joseon Dynasty. As a result of examining examples, about 240 wood member terms were found on the basis of phonetic value and examples different from today's term use were also confirmed. Wood member terms were derived in variety and synonym and different style, that is, coexistence or transition of several notations as the term indicating the same member was found. Derivation of detail terms has the characteristic increasing on the basis of morpheme and formation of different notation followed Chinese notation or was caused by complex coinage features like a coined word of Korea by the meaning of a word and borrowed character notation borrowing sound and it is also related to the specificity of that time which had dual language system. The typical examples without different style for long were pillar, rafter, door and window. Examples with active generation and selection of different styles included beam, capital and bracket-system terms. Different styles were caused by the combination of several notations including borrowed character in the process of Chinese character notation borrowing sound, Korean unique character emphasizing and limiting combination of 木 (wood) with side of character and Chinese. Period showing remarkable change of example notation was the compilation of ${\ll}$the Hwa-Sung-Sung-Euk-Eui-Gue${\gg}$ 華城城役儀軌. ${\ll}$the Hwa-Sung-Sung-Euk-Eui-Gue${\gg}$ is the representative type uigwe made by printed type not by handicraft. Printing by type accompanies unification of the shape of a character necessarily and it was considered that it resulted in the unification of character of different style, the number of strokes and minute difference of strokes, and it was interpreted that common use of intentional notation with the unification of the shape of a character was achieved.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.40-64
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• 2002

The locational characteristics of ceramic industry in Miryang city, Kyongnam province, were clarified by means of examining the process of its formation, spatial variation, locations and their changes. The government policy on industry and the business fluctuation are important in the quantitative changes of the industry. The spatial variation of industry toward the outer part of area are the results of equilibrium between the decrease of firms in inner city and the increase of firms in outer part. The births and deaths of firms played important role in the processes of spatial variations. The industry location has lasted by the accumulation of location decision of 'potential entrepreneurs' who learned knowledges on the industry and had personal contacts with the business-related persons for long time. The main factors on the locational decision of firms are personal factor, raw materials, land, water and market. The locational problems have mainly related with plant expansion, land, marketing, labour and capital. They caused investment changes and caused relocations of firms. Such disadvantages as raw material exhaustion, shortage of land and congestion within the agglomeration area, development of road transportation and local government policy on industry location, induced recent decentralization of industry to outer part.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.137-152
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to reveal the problems of the Western based development discourse, and to derive the future direction of postdevelopment as sustainable development. This study attempted to reveal the historical process of formation and change on development discourse. Development generally regarded as the overcome of underdevelopment, inducing the marginalization of the South as a place to follow the development model of the North. State based development discourse (Keynesian development discourse) focused on the growth by industrialization, and the supreme aim of the South was to overcome the underdevelopment. Neoliberalism development discourse emphasized on the market principle based on free competition which was recognized as the best way to provide development. However, neoliberalism discourse has been criticized for the concentration of power and inequality of class, causing on the consideration of postdevelopment because of its emphasis on growth rather than distribution and life value. This research revealed the ways of postdevelopment with fair trade and ethical consumption. However, fair trade and ethical consumption discourses clearly show somewhat limitation subsuming into neoliberal development discourse. In this respect, future ways for postdevelopment have to consider the overcoming of powers based on market and capital, and to orient into the value of redistribution in development process.