• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2014

Purpose - This paper aims to critically examine capital market developments in India before and after liberalization. Research design, data, and methodology - The paper examines the Indian capital market from its inception to the latest developments related to both primary and secondary markets, and also discusses recent initiatives of capital markets to enhance the expected level of services to the investor community. It also sheds light on the regulatory framework for investor protection. Results - The study further highlights the future roadmap for the radical development of the Indian capital market. The paper identifies the various initial obstacles and intricacies that affect the smooth functioning of the Indian capital markets. Hence, the paper articulates that these concerns should be addressed by the regulatory authorities and at the policy level at the earliest for further strengthening the capital markets in the interests of the economy in general and retail investors in particular. Conclusion - This is a topic of utmost contemporary importance to worldwide national economies, and calls for novel methods and techniques in dealing effectively with the menace facing capital markets.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.195-210
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• 2020

This study describes the structure of the capital markets for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and startup companies in Korea, which is an emerging market that has experienced drastic changes. The overall capital market can be divided into private and public capital markets. In the private capital market, most of the demand for capital comes from non-listed private firms, including startups and SMEs. In the case of SMEs and startups, the KOSDAQ, the Korea New Exchange (KONEX), and primary collateralized bond obligations (P-CBOs) are part of the public capital market. SMEs and startups are generally incapable of raising sufficient capital owing to their low credit ratings, and they largely have limited access to primary markets to issue shares and borrow money. The Korean government has developed a systematic financial aid program to provide funds to these companies. The fund for SMEs has significantly contributed to the development of the venture capital market. Many Korean banks provide substantial lending to SMEs, but this lending is available only because of the Korean government's loan recovery guarantee. Furthermore, SMEs can issue corporate debt in the form of primary collateralized bond obligations through government guarantees, but such debt issuances have placed increasing pressure on public guarantee institutions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine the degree to which Small-to-Medium Enterprise (SME) owners and operators in Mountain Province were willing to take on financial risk to invest in the capital markets as a potential additional source of income, as well as the extent to which these five indicator variables-particularly their income, expenses, financial goals, liquid cash, and insurance coverage-were influenced by demographic factors. The study used a quantitative approach and employed a descriptive survey research method. The results show that the SME Owners and Operators in Mountain Province have minimal knowledge of capital market investments which makes them moderate investors with a neutral level of financial risk tolerance toward capital market investment. Their marital status, net income, and educational attainment significantly influence their financial risk tolerance level. The respondents also believe that engaging in the capital markets will grow their businesses. Further, the extent of influence of Income, Expenses, Liquid Cash, and Insurance Cover on the financial risk tolerance of the SME owners and operators in Mountain Province a great extent; thus, making them careful in investing in the capital markets, and it is primarily affected by their Net Income. Consequently, the financial goals of SME owners and operators in Mountain Province have a vital role in their financial risk tolerance level.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.183-208
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• 2022

Purpose - The main purpose of this study is to widely investigate the impact of recent pandemic crises on the synchronization of the world capital markets through 25 stock indices from major developed countries. Design/methodology/approach - This study collects 25 stock indices from major developed countries and the time period is between January 5, 2001 and February 24, 2022. The data sets used in the study include finance.yahoo.com and Investing.com.. The Granger causality analysis, unit-root test, VAR analysis, and forecasting error variance decomposition were hired in order to analyze the data. Findings - First, there are significant inter-relations among 25 countries around recent major pandemic crises(such as SARS, A(H1N1), MERS, and COVID19), which is consistent result with previous literature. Second, COVID19 shows much stronger impact on the world-wide synchronization than other pandemics. Third, the return volatility of each stock market varies, unit root tests show that daily stock index data are unstable while daily stock index returns are stable, and VAR(Vector Auto Regression) analyses presents significant inter-relations among 25 capital markets. Fourth, from the impulse response function analyses, we find that each market affects the other markets for short term periods, about 2~4 days, and no long term effect was not found. Fifth, Granger causality tests show one-side or two-sides synchronization between capital markets and we estimate, through forecasting error variance decomposition method, that the explanatory portions of each capital market on other markets vary from 10 to 80%. Research implications or Originality - The above results all together show that pandemic crises have strong effects on the synchronization of world capital markets and imply that these synchronizations should be carefully considered both in the investment decisions by individual investors and in the financial and economic policies by governments.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2014

This study investigates extensively the integration of various segments of financial markets (i.e. money market, lending and deposit market, exchange rate market, and capital market) both domestically and internationally. Cointegration approach is employed in the study to find out long term relationship among the variables. Data are on a monthly interval for the period spreads over 2001 to 2010. The results show no evidence of cointegration between money market and exchange rate market and between capital market and exchange rate market of Pakistan. On the other hand, international financial markets integration is also investigated and the findings revealed that domestic money market rates of Pakistan and USA are not cointegrated. Whereas, an evidence of cointegration between capital markets of Pakistan and USA is found in this study.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.27-56
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• 2016

Korean traditional markets have been struggling of late as big-sized superstores and SSM(Super Supermarkets) are thriving in the market. They have therefore upgraded their facilities and undertaken management modernization actively to overcome the threat to traditional markets and ensure their competitiveness; however, the effect does not appear to be verifiable. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the organizational characteristics of the traditional market merchant association on social capital and organizational performance. In other words, this paper investigates a merchant association's organizational characteristics in terms of the modernization of business activities of the traditional markets and the influence on their social capital and organizational performance. This study analyzes the traditional market by evaluating the impact of these factors. This study consists of four hypotheses: The first hypothesis relates to the causal relationship between the characteristics of a merchant association and social capital. The second and third hypotheses, respectively, relate to the causal relationships between the social capital of a merchant association and the merchant's satisfaction and that between the social capital of a merchant association and organizational commitment. The last hypothesis relates to the relationship between the organizational commitment of a merchant association and the merchant's satisfaction. This study conducts a reliability and validity analysis of the above factors and analyzes the causal relationships between them by using the PLS(Partial Least Squares) path model as one of the structural equation models. The results of the empirical analysis are summarized as follows: First, the organizational characteristics of the traditional market merchant association have a significant influence on social capital. However, only two sub-hypotheses are not significant; these insignificant hypotheses relate to the relationship between a merchant's entrepreneurship and structural capital and that between a merchant's entrepreneurship and cognitive capital. Second, the social capital of a merchant association influences organizational commitment significantly. Third, the relationship between the social capital of a merchant association and the merchant's satisfaction is mostly significant. However, one of the sub-hypotheses, that is, the relationship between relational capital and a merchant's satisfaction is not exceptionally significant. Lastly, the organizational commitment of a merchant association affect the merchant's satisfaction significantly. Through our extensive study, this paper found that a merchant association's organizational characteristics of the traditional market significantly affect social capital, organizational commitment, and satisfaction through the mediation of social capital. Therefore, in order to activate the key traditional market, an understanding of organizational characteristics and social capital is primarily required. Systematic management and investment pertaining to these two factors will be the first consideration for revitalizing traditional markets.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.129-159
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• 2013

Over the course of the recent global financial crisis, emerging economies experienced massive swings in capital inflows. In this paper, we estimate a VAR model to assess the impact of capital inflow shocks, which are identified using a set of sign restrictions, on house prices in Korea. We base the analysis on three alternative measures of capital inflows: net total inflows, net portfolio inflows and gross total inflows. The results suggest that capital inflow shocks have a significantly positive and persistent effect on real house prices. Although shocks to capital inflows are found to be substantially more important for Korean asset markets than for other OECD countries, their overall explanatory power is modest. Using regional house price data we also show that capital inflow shocks have an asymmetric effect on property markets across the seven largest Korean cities and across different parts of Seoul.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2011

In this paper, we have studied the impact of adopting XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) on information asymmetry in capital markets with the additional research on the usefulness of XBRL data how to improve the quality of accounting information. From the Kosdaq XBRL service, the samples are selected including 38 adopted companies and the 30 non-adopted companies for the paired analysis. The daily stock return volatility (VOLA) as independent variable and other several controlling variables have been added for the regression analysis to measure the impact on information asymmetry in capital markets. he analytical result indicated that the asymmetry hypotheses that XBRL data will give a significant impact on the capital market and will reduce the volatility, which are expected in the hypotheses. This is the first analytical research on the capital market and its impacts to the capital market from adopting XBRL based accounting information. Additionally, the analysis showed the impacts on the reporting cycle of accounting information and its usefulness of accounting data itself.

• 법제연구
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• 제53호
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• pp.419-454
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• 2017

자본시장의 국제화를 맞이하여 국내 투자자 및 자본시장의 보호를 한층 강화할 필요가 있는 상황에서 우리 자본시장법은 동 법의 역외적용여부를 명문화하고 있다. 그 결과 특정 국외행위의 효과가 국내에 미치는경우에는 자본시장법의 관련 규정에 따라 해당 행위를 다국적 차원에서규제할 수 있다. 효율적 규제를 통한 자본시장법의 입법목적 달성은 관련법령의 집행과 불가분의 관계에 있는데, 다양한 집행 수단 가운데 공적기관에 의한 법규위반 행위의 적극적인 적발 및 제재가 현실적인 규제의첫 단계가 된다. 그렇지만 순수한 국내 거래와는 달리 국제적 거래의 규제 시에는 법령집행의 불확실성을 가중시키는 다양한 차원의 문제들이대두된다. 이 글에서는 국내 공적기관이 국제적 불공정거래행위를 규제하고자 할 때 적용되는 관련 법제의 현황을 살펴보고 몇 가지 관련 제안을하였다. 첫째, 자본시장법을 비롯한 금융실명법은 국내 감독기관인 금융위원회가 위법한 국제적 증권거래를 규제하기 위해 조사 및 증거 수집을 하는단계에서 외국의 감독기관과 협력할 수 있는 법적 근거를 마련하고 있다. 이에 근거하여 금융위원회는 외국의 감독기관과 개별적으로 MOU를 체결하거나 IOSCO의 MMOU에 가입하여 효과적인 상호협력과 정보교환을하고 있다. 금융위원회는 향후 IOSCO를 통해 지속적인 국가간 협력을 도모함으로써 집행의 효율성을 담보할 것이 요구된다. 둘째, 국제적 불공정행위에 대한 효과적인 형사제재를 위해서 국제형사사법공조 역시 필수적이다. 국내에서는 국제형사사법 공조법이 제정되었고, 다양한 국가와 형사사법공조 범죄인인도 수형자이송 등에 관한 조약을 체결하고 관련 협약에도 가입하였다. 국제적인 불공정거래의 규제와 관련하여 국제형사사법공조시 적용되는 원칙 가운데 쌍방가벌성의 요건은 완화하여 적용할 필요가 있다. 나날이 거래기법이 교묘해지는 새로운유형의 불공정행위 같은 경우에는 동일 수법이 광범위하게 활용될 수 있으므로 특정 국가의 법령상 범죄를 구성하지 않더라도 예방적 차원의 규제를 위한 공조가 요구되는 까닭이다. 셋째, 불공정거래행위의 근절을 위해서는 보다 근원적인 방안으로서 불공정거래를 통해 취득한 경제적 이익을 박탈하는 범죄수익환수를 고려하여야 한다. 현행 범죄수익규제법은 외국규제기관이 한국의 관할 내에 있는 불공정거래자의 범죄수익을 환수하고자 할 때 적용되는 국제공조에관한 규정을 두고 있다. 위법한 국제적 불공정거래로 인해 피해를 입은투자자들이 차후에 실질적으로 손해를 배상받도록 하기 위한 방안의 하나로서, 외국사법기관이 집행한 범죄수익을 국내로 환수하여 불공정거래의 피해자들에게 환부하는 제도를 마련할 필요가 있다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2019

The purpose of this research is to review historical development of Islamic finance in individual East Asian economies, including China, Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong, and examine the success factors of the Hong Kong Sukuk issuances in 2014-2017. The research is a qualitative study applying case study method. It is found that the East Asian economies do play efforts to develop their Islamic capital markets although they have very limited size of Muslim population. Their progress on this development generally remains to be slow. The Hong Kong Sukuk is a breakthrough, carrying a total issuance value of US$3 billion. The Sukuk issuances, treated as a kind of asset-backed securities with restrictions on financing purposes, are distributed to international investors by investment banks from Hong Kong, Middle East and Malaysia. Success factors of these issuances include involvement of an issuer with high credit quality, recognition by central bank for using the Sukuk in its discount facility for commercial banks, centralized clearing services for the Sukuk and global banking network for underwriting the Sukuk. The lessons from the Hong Kong Sukuk are good references for other economies to develop their regional Islamic capital markets and to integrate the markets into the global capital market.