• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.2992-3009
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• 2016

The performance of D-MIMO systems is not only affected by multipath fading but also from shadowing fading, as well as path loss. In this paper, we investigate the ergodic capacity of D-MIMO systems operating in non-correlated K fading (Rayleigh/Gamma) channels. With the aid of majorization and Minkowski theory, we derive analytical closed-form expressions of the upper and lower bounds on the ergodic capacity for D-MIMO systems over non-correlated K fading channels, which are quite general and applicable for arbitrary signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the number of transceiver antennas. To intuitively reveal the impacts of system and fading parameters on the ergodic capacity, we deduce asymptotic approximations in the high and low SNR regimes. Finally, we pursue the massive MIMO systems analysis for the lower bound and derive closed-form expressions when the number of antennas at BS grows large, and when the number of antennas at transceivers becomes large with a fixed and finite ratio. It is demonstrated that the proposed expressions on the ergodic capacity accurately match with the theoretical analysis.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1136-1145
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• 1993

여러가지 페이딩 통신로의 통신 용량을 구한 다음 이를 가우스 잡음 통신로의 통신 용량과 비교하여 각 페이딩 환경에 따른 통신 용량의 감소치를 구하였다. 그 결과 Rician페이딩 통신로에서는 직접파 대 반사파 전력비가, m-분포 페이딩 통신로에서는 지수 m이 커짐에 따라 페이딩 통신로의 통신용량은 가우스 잡음 통신로의 통신 용량에 가까워짐을 확인하였고 반송파 대 잡음 전력비(CNR)의 변화에 따른 가우스 잡음 통신로와 각 페이딩 통신로간의 통신 용량의 차이를 구해냈다. 또한 Rayleigh페이딩 통신로에 있어서2-branch 다이버시티의 도입으로 인한 통신 용량의 개선치를 구해냈다. 다이버시티로서는 검파전 최대비 합성법과 검파후 선택 합성법을 다루었다. 그 결과, 2-branch 사이의 상관계수 값에 관계없이 검파전 최대비 합성 다이버시티가 검파후 선택 합성 다이버시티보다 더 우수하였다. 상관계수 값의 변화에 따른 통신 용량의 개선치는 두 방식 모두 2-branch가 서로 무상관일때 가장 좋았으며, 2-branch사이의 상관계수 값이 작으면 작을수록 두 방식 모두 개선치가 커진다는 것을 알아냈다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.126-129
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• 1999

In this paper, it is assumed that a mobile radio channel is a Rayleigh distributed multipath fading channel and Erlang capacity and equivalent channel numbers are calculated for the reverse link of a imperfect power controlled DS/CDMA cellular system considering both shadowing and multipath fading. The DS/CDMA blocking probability is calculated based on a new analysis method that considers Erlang capacity and ICF(interference correction factor) using the median value of $E_{b(i)}$/ $I_{o}$ corresponding to each reverse link user. It is showed that the effect of multipath fading must not be ignored in Erlang capacity of the IS-95 DS/CDMA cellular system and the Erlang capacity is decreased according to the increase of the deviation of the imperfect power control, to the decrease of the processing gain, to the increase of the voice activity.y.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권3A호
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• pp.362-374
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• 2000

In this paper, trellis coded 16 QAM Multi-Carrior CDMA system is proposed, Using the equivalent signal-to-noise plus interference Power ratio (SNIR) of Multi-Carrier CDMA system in the reverse link, capacity and BER performance of trellis coded 16 QAM Multi-Carrier CDMA system are analyzed taking into account the number of multi-carrier, the number of multiple access user, the number of SC/MRC diversity branch, and Rician fading parameter in multiuser interference and Rician fading channel. And the capacity and the BER performance of trellis coded 16 QAM Multi-Carrier CDMA system using selection combining (SC) and maximal ratio cabining (MRC) diversity are numerically compared. Obtained results show that the capacity of proposed system depends on the number of multi-carrier. ti is found that the trellis coded 16 QAM Multi-Carrier CDMA system with SC/MRC antenna diversity scheme is efficient to combat multipath fading and to increase the maximum number of users in high speed data communication. With the results of analysis. MRC diversity technique provides the performance fro high speed data communications. Finally, we present a numerical approach to derive the capacity and the BER performance and to find the maximum number of multiple access user for Multi-Carrier system in multiuser interference and Rician fading channel.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.3952-3958
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• 2011

The effect of sintering temperature on the electrochemical property of $LiMn_2O_4$ was investigated. Results showed that the particle size was increased at higher sintering temperatures while the initial capacity was decreased after high temperature sintering. Capacity fading, on the other hand, was suppressed at lower sintering temperatures since the sintering at higher temperatures (${\geq}800^{\circ}C$) increased the Mn ions with a lower oxidation state ($Mn^{+3}$), which induced structural instability during cycling due to dissolution of Mn ions into the electrolyte. In particular, $LiMn_2O_4$ sintered above $830^{\circ}C$ showed severe capacity fading (capacity loss was 38% of initial capacity) by lower coulombic efficiency due to the abnormally increased particle size.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.355-364
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• 2008

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems can provide significant increments in capacity; however, the capacity of MIMO systems degrades severely when spatial correlation among multipath channels is present. This paper demonstrates that the influence of shadowing on the channel capacity is more substantial than that of multipath fading; therefore, the shadowing effect is actually the dominant impairment. To overcome the composite fading effects, we propose combining macroscopic selection diversity (MSD) schemes with MIMO technology. To analyze the system performance, the capacity outage expression of MIMO-based MSD (MSD-MIMO) systems using a characteristic function is applied. The analytic results show that there are significant improvements when MSD schemes are applied, even for the two-base-station diversity case. It is also observed that the effect of spatial correlation due to multipath fading is almost negligible when multiple base stations cooperatively participate in the mobile communication topology.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2022

To achieve the higher network capacity and mass connectivity in the forthcoming mobile network, revolutionary technologies have been considered. Recently, an upper bound on capacity of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) transmissions towards the sixth generation (6G) mobile systems has been proposed. In this paper, we consider a tighter upper bound on capacity of IRS transmissions than the existing upper bound. First, using integration by parts, we derive an upper bound on capacity of IRS transmissions under Rician fading channels and a Rayleigh fading channel. Then, we show numerically that the proposed upper bound is closer to Monte Carlo simulations than the existing upper bound. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that the bounding error of the proposed upper bound is much smaller than that of the existing upper bound, and the superiority of the proposed upper bound over the existing upper bound becomes more significant as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 스펙트럼 효율 향상을 위한 부가 데이터 전송 시스템을 제안하고 채널용량 식을 근사화 하여 유도 한다. 대역확산 워터마킹 기법이 워터마킹 신호 삽입기로 이용되었고 다중경로 채널로는 나카가미-q (Hoyt) 모델을 고려하였다. 수식적 결과는 무선 페이딩 채널에서 제안된 시스템의 채널 용량 변화를 보여준다. 결과로부터 워터마킹 시스템의 채널용량이 페이딩 계수와 호스트 샘플링 주파수, 호스트-워터마킹 전력비, 워터마킹-잡음 전력비 및 확산코드 길이에 의해서 영향 받음을 확인한다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2009

We investigate the connectivity of fading wireless ad-hoc networks with a pair of novel connectivity metrics. Our first metric looks at the problem of connectivity relying on the outage capacity of MIMO channels. Our second metric relies on a probabilistic treatment of the symbol error rates for such channels. We relate both capacity and symbol error rates to the characteristics of the underlying communication system such as antenna configuration, modulation, coding, and signal strength measured in terms of signal-to-interference-noise-ratio. For each metric of connectivity, we also provide a simplified treatment in the case of ergodic fading channels. In each case, we assume a pair of nodes are connected if their bi-directional measure of connectivity is better than a given threshold. Our analysis relies on the central limit theorem to approximate the distribution of the combined undesired signal affecting each link of an ad-hoc network as Gaussian. Supported by our simulation results, our analysis shows that (1) a measure of connectivity purely based on signal strength is not capable of accurately capturing the connectivity phenomenon, and (2) employing multiple antenna mobile nodes improves the connectivity of fading ad-hoc networks.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 레일레이 페이딩(Rayleigh fading) 채널에서 음성 및 데이터 서비스를 지원하는 DS/ CDMA 셀룰라 시스템의 역방향 링크에 대한 확장된 블럭킹 확률식(blocking probability formula)을 유도한다. 또한, 전파음영(shadowing)만을 고려한 경우와 전파음영과 다중경로 페이딩을 모두 고려한 경우에 대하여 얼랑용량을 비교 분석한다. 레일레이 페이딩 채널에서 1%의 블럭킹 확률을 가정하면, 데이터률 $R_b$=9.6 kbps에서는 13.38 얼랑의 음성 얼랑용량과 8.92 얼랑의 데이터 얼랑용량을 지원하고, $R_b$=14.4 kbps에서는 7.47 얼랑의 음성 얼랑용량과 4.98 얼랑의 데이터 얼랑용량을 지원하여 음영효과만을 고려한 경우보다 $R_b$=9.6 kbps에 대해서는 21.4%, $R_b$=14.4 kbps에 대해서는 24.9%의 용량이 감소함을 알 수 있다. 다중경로 페이딩의 영향을 무시해서는 안된다는 것을 보이며 DS/CDMA 셀룰라 시스템이 지원할 수 있는 정확한 음성 얼랑용량과 데이터 얼랑용량을 제공한다.