• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2007

말뚝과 토목섬유로 지지된 성토지반의 아칭효과를 규명하기 위하여 일련의 모형실험을 실시하였다. 모형실험에서는 단독캡 말뚝을 상하이동이 가능한 철판 사이에 일정간격으로 설치하고, 토목섬유를 포설한 후 성토를 실시하였다. 모형실험에서는 침하판을 하강시킴으로써 연약지반의 침하를 모사하였으며, 침하판이 하강함에 따라 성토지반에 지반아칭이 발휘되었다. 성토지반과 토목섬유의 변형거동은 카메라로 관찰하였다. 또한 계측시스템을 통하여 말뚝캡에 작용하는 하중과 토목섬유의 인장변형률을 측정하였다. 모형실험결과 연약지반부의 침하가 발생할 때, 지반아칭효과로 인하여 말뚝으로 전이되는 성토하중이 급격히 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이때 토목섬유가 설치되지 않은 경우는 말뚝에 작용하는 하중이 최대값에 도달한 후 감소하는 반면, 토목섬유로 복합지지된 경우는 침하에 따라 말뚝하중이 점진적으로 증가하면서 일정한 값으로 수렴한다. 이것은 토목섬유에 의한 보강이 성토지반의 변형 억제에 효과적임을 나타내는 것이다. 한편, 침하유발시 말뚝캡 사이의 토목섬유는 원호형태로 변형을 일으키는 것으로 나타났다. 말뚝과 토목섬유로 지지된 성토지반에서 말뚝캡으로 전이되는 성토하중은 지반아칭효과와 토목섬유의 인장변형률을 고려함으로써 모형화할 수 있다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2010

말뚝으로 지지된 성토지반 내에 발달되는 펀칭전단현상에 의하여 성토하중이 말뚝에 전이되는 메커니즘을 규명하였다. 성토지반 속에 발달하는 펀칭전단파괴의 기하학적형상에 근거하여 이론해석을 실시하였고 말뚝으로 전이되는 성토하중의 크기를 예측할 수 있는 이론식을 제안하였다. 이 이론식에는 말뚝캡보로의 하중전이 메커니즘에 영향을 주는 여러 매개변수가 포함되어 있다. 이 이론식의 신뢰성을 검증하기 위해 일련의 모형실험을 실시하였다. 모형실험은 말뚝캡보폭이 좁은 경우와 넓은 경우의 두 종류의 캡보에 대하여 실시하였다. 모래성토는 7단계로 나누어 단계적으로 실시하였으며 매 성토단계에서의 재하시간은 장기재하방식과 단기재하방식의 두 가지 방식으로 실시하였다. 장기재하방식은 매 성토단계에서의 히중재하시간을 24시간으로 하였고 단기재하방식은 하중재하시간을 2시간으로 하였다. 이들 모든 모형 실험에서 측정된 연직하중의 측정값은 제안된 이론식에 의거 산정된 예측치와 잘 일치하였다. 또한 이 이론식의 현장 적용성을 검증하기 위하여 성토지지말뚝이 시공된 한 현장의 계측결과와 이론치를 비교 검토하여 보았다. 이 현장에서는 캡보 사이의 간격을 너무 넓게 설치하였기 때문에 성토지반 내에 지반아칭이 발달하기가 어려워 펀칭파괴가 발달하였을 것이 예상되는 현장이었다. 결국 이 이론식으로 예측된 연직하중은 이 현장에서 측정된 현장계측 결과와도 잘 일치하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2023

A simplified calculation method of natural vibration characteristics of high-speed railway multi-span bridge-longitudinal ballastless track system is proposed. The rail, track slab, base slab, main beam, bearing, pier, cap and pile foundation are taken into account, and the multi-span longitudinal ballastless track-beam-bearing-pier-cap-pile foundation integrated model (MBTIM) is established. The energy equation of each component of the MBTIM based on Timoshenko beam theory is constructed. Using the improved Fourier series, and the Rayleigh-Ritz method and Hamilton principle are combined to obtain the extremum of the total energy function. The simplified calculation formula of the natural vibration frequency of the MBTIM under the influence of vertical and longitudinal vibration is derived and verified by numerical methods. The influence law of the natural vibration frequency of the MBTIM is analyzed considering and not considering the participation of each component of the MBTIM, the damage of the track interlayer component and the stiffness change of each layer component. The results show that the error between the calculation results of the formula and the numerical method in this paper is less than 3%, which verifies the correctness of the method in this paper. The high-order frequency of the MBTIM is significantly affected considering the track, bridge pier, pile soil and pile cap, while considering the influence of pile cap on the low-order and high-order frequency of the MBTIM is large. The influence of component damage such as void beneath slab, mortar debonding and fastener failure on each order frequency of the MBTIM is basically the same, and the influence of component damage less than 10m on the first fourteen order frequency of the MBTIM is small. The bending stiffness of track slab and rail has no obvious influence on the natural frequency of the MBTIM, and the bending stiffness of main beam has influence on the natural frequency of the MBTIM. The bending stiffness of pier and base slab only has obvious influence on the high-order frequency of the MBTIM. The natural vibration characteristics of the MBTIM play an important guiding role in the safety analysis of high-speed train running, the damage detection of track-bridge structure and the seismic design of railway bridge.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.94-97
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• 2006

Timber stand age information of timber in industrialized plantation forest is generally collected by field surveying which is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and very costly. It is also inconsistent in analyses perspective. As an alternative, The objective of this research is to present a practical solution for estimating timber age of loblolly pine plantation using Landsat thematic mapper (TM) images, shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM), and national elevation dataset (NED). A multivariate regression model was developed based upon satellite image-based information (i.e.normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), tasseled cap (TC) transformation, and derived tree heights). A residual studentized technique was applied to remove potential outliers. After that, a refined age estimation model with a correlation coefficient R-square of 84.6% was obtained. Finally, the feasibility test of estimated model was performed by comparing estimated and measured stand ages of timber plantations using test datasets of plantation stands (2,032 stands). The result shows that the proposed method of this study can estimate loblolly pine stand age within an error of $2{\sim}3$ years in an effective and consistent way in terms of time and cost.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.117-119
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• 2002

In this paper, the geometry effectiveness and contact modes as functions of real contact length on a cap ring have been analyzed for high pressure sealing mechanism in reciprocating actuator. The reaction force and elastic strain energy density are very important parameters for analyzing the sealing performance of an ACGT ring seal. For the high pressure of 800bar and the maximum speed of 3m/s, the main piston is reciprocating along the linear line against the cylinder wall. The computed results indicate that the length ratio of a cap ring is more influential design parameter compared to that of the tribological contact mode. Thus, this paper recommends the discrete contact area rather than a conventional flat contact model. Especially, the sealing capacity is more improved when the length ratio of a cap ring is below 0.625.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2008

Hole mobility characteristics of two representative biaxially strained SiGe/Si structures with high Ge contents are studied, They are single channel ($Si/Si_{1-x}Ge_x/Si$ substrate) and dual channel ($Si/Si_{1-y}Ge_y/Si_{1-x}Ge_x/Si$ substrate), where the former consists of a relaxed SiGe buffer layer with 60 % Ge content and a tensile-strained Si layer on top, and for the latter, a compressively strained SiGe layer is inserted between two layers, Owing to the hole mobility performance between a relaxed SiGe film and a compressive-strained SiGe film in the single channel and the dual channel, the hole mobility behaviors of two structures with respect to the Si cap layer thickness shows the opposite trend, Hole mobility increases with thicker Si cap layer for single channel structure, whereas it decreases with thicker Si cap layer for dual channel. This hole mobility characteristics could be easily explained by a simple capacitance model.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.378-381
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• 2008

The regulating and relaxing targets in the Land Use Regulation and Total Maximum Daily Loads are influenced by Land cover information. For the providing more accurate land information, this study attempted to generate an impervious surface map using KOMPSAT-2 image which a Korea manufactured high resolution satellite image. The classification progress of this study carried out by tasseled-cap spectral enhancement through each class extraction technique neither existing classification method. KOMPSAT-2 image of this study is enhanced by Soil Brightness Index(SBI), Green vegetation Index(GVI), None-Such wetness Index(NWI). Then ranges of extracted each index in enhanced image are determined. And then, Confidence Interval of classes was determined through the calculating Non-exceedance Probability. Spectral distributions of each class are changed according to changing of Control coefficient(${\alpha}$) at the calculated Non-exceedance Probability. Previously, Land cover classification map was generated based on established ranges of classes, and then, pervious and impervious surface was reclassified. Finally, impervious ratio of reclassified impervious surface map was calculated with blocks in the study area.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.263-286
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• 2023

Experimenting with concrete to determine its compressive and tensile strengths is a laborious and time-consuming operation that requires a lot of attention to detail. Researchers from all around the world have spent the better part of the last several decades attempting to use machine learning algorithms to make accurate predictions about the technical qualities of various kinds of concrete. The research that is currently available on estimating the strength of concrete draws attention to the applicability and precision of the various machine learning techniques. This article provides a summary of the research that has previously been conducted on estimating the strength of concrete by making use of a variety of different machine learning methods. In this work, a classification of the existing body of research literature is presented, with the classification being based on the machine learning technique used by the researchers. The present review work will open the horizon for the researchers working on the machine learning based prediction of the compressive strength of concrete by providing the recommendations and benefits and drawbacks associated with each model as determining the compressive strength of concrete practically is a laborious and time-consuming task.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.441-444
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• 2005

The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between microphytobenthic biomass and normalized vegetation index obtained from Landsat TM images. Monitoring a seasonal change of microphytobenthic biomass in the sand bar is specifically focused. Since the study area, Hampyeong Bay, was difficult to approach, we failed to obtain ground truths simultaneously on satellite image acquisition. Instead, chlorophyll-a concentration in surface top layer was measured on different dates for microphytobenthic biomass. Although data were acquired on different dates, a correlation between the field and satellite images was calculated for investigating general trends of seasonal change. NDVI and tasseled cap transformed images were also used to review the variation of microphytobenthic biomass by using Landsat TM and ETM+ images. Atmosphere effects were corrected by applying COST model. Seaweeds were also flouring in the same season of microphytobentic blooming. Songseok-ri area was minimally affected by seaweeds from February to May, and selected as a test site. NDVI value was classified into high-, moderate-, and low-grade. It was well developed over fme-grained sediments and rapidly reduced from May to November over sand bar. In this bay, correlation between grain size and microphytobenthic biomass was clearly seen. From the classified NDVI and tasseled cap transformed data, we finally constructed spatial distribution and seasonal variation maps of microphytobenthic biomass.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권2A호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2012

증기를 발생시켜 터빈(turbine)을 회전시키는 화력 및 원자력 발전 계통에서 냉각시설은 필수적인 구조물이며, 냉각수 순환 계통은 일반적으로 해수를 취수하여 발전소 내의 복수기까지 유입시켜 증기와 열 교환 후 다시 외해로 배출시키는 형태를 취하고 있다. 최근 냉각수 취 배수 방식을 표층 취 배수 방식이 아닌 심층 취 배수 방식으로 변경하고 있는데, 기존 원전의 재순환 온도에 대한 영향을 최소화 하고, 온배수 방류시 밀도차로 인한 부력으로 온배수 혼합효과를 높여 온배수에 의한 환경피해 범위를 최소화하기 위해서이다. 특히, 하절기에 저층의 저온 냉각수를 취수할 수 있다는 이점 때문에 향후 계획되는 발전소들도 심층 취 배수 방식을 도입할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구에서는 원자력 발전소의 냉각시설 중 심층 취 배수 구조물의 입구 주변을 3차원 전산유체역학 코드인 $FLOW-3D^{(R)}$로 모사하여 그 흐름특성을 분석하였다. 취수구(intake)의 경우 연직취수 조건에서 유속 덮개(Velocity cap), 배수구(diffuser)의 경우 방류수의 분사방향에 변화를 주어 모의하였으며, 그 결과 취수구의 경우 유속덮개에 의한 연직 유속성분의 현저한 감소로 인한 어류 유입영향을 최소화할 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 배수구 희석효과는 Jirka 및 Harleman이 제시한 2차원 온배수 프룸(frume)과 잘 일치 하는 것으로 나타났다.