• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.258-268
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to monitor the edge vegetation development process after timber harvesting at deciduous hardwood forest in Seoul National University Research Forest of Baekwoonsan (Mt), Korea The results from the 4th (2001) and 5th (2003) survey for edge vegetation development process after timber harvesting are summarized as follows. The competitive species at the harvested forest edge are Lindera erythrocarpa, Weigela subsessilis, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Lindera obtusiioba, Arajia eiata. There were Lindera erythrocarpa, Ivelgela subsessilis, Staphyiea bumaida as competitive species at harvested forest border between harvested forest edge and harvested interior. And at the forest interior, the competitive species were Lindera erythrocarpa, Lindera obtusiloba. There were differences in the competitive species at the forest edge due to the differences in direction, altitude, and existing dominant species. But Lindera erythrocarpa, Weigela subsessilis were appeared to be a competitive specieg at the southwestern slope (A site) and northeastern slope (B site). After timber harvesting, Sasa borealisshowed a good growth in early days, but showed a tendency of declining with the developing of canopy layer And coverage was generally higher at the Northeastern slope (Site B) than southwestern slop (Site A). The similarity index was lower as the distance from the forest edge becomes farther.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.506-512
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• 1996

Community structure and soil properties of larch forest which are used for breeding site by herons were studied at Apgogri, Hoengsung, Kangwon Province. This site has been protected as a Natural Monument(No. 248) from 1973, in Korea. Herons have used this habitat from February to October every year. In 1995, more than 700 herons were observed in this habitat. Most of the larches died due to group breeding of herons, and no larch saplings were found at forest floor. Nutrient contents of soil in this habitat were much higher than those in control plot(non-breeding site). This must be due to the addition of faeces from herons and of thin twigs and other organic materials from the canopy and bird nests. Species composition of herb layer in this habitat was quite different from that in control plot. Breeding site was dominated by Humulus japonicus, Persicaria fauriei, Persicaria perfoliata, Commelina communis, Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum, Digitaria sanguinalis, Bidens bipinnata. Dioscorea batatas which are indicator species of soil eutrophication. Similarity index of shrub and herb layer between the breeding site and control site was 0.36 and 0.07, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.176-190
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• 2017

South Korea is the northernmost distributional territory on the Camellietea japonicae (evergreen broad-leaved forests of the warm-temperate zone) in East Asia. A total of 40 stands were collected in terms of an ecologically-naturalized wild tea population (WTP), and their species composition was analyzed by $Z{\ddot{u}}rich$-Montpellier School's method with preliminary regard to forest canopy idendtification. Stand types were characterized by ecological flora's criteria such as Raunkiaer's life-form, neophyte, zonal distribution, and nativeness of species. Expansion of WTP distribution into the interior of the peninsula was recognized, than expected. The highest and northernmost WTPs have been recorded at Mt. Palgong, Daegu (390 m a.s.l.) and Iksan Jeonbuk (latitude $36^{\circ}$ 03' 33''), respectively. Altitudinal and latitudinal WTP distribution of Korea under continental climate shows lower than Japanese situation under oceanic climate. Community structure generally involved a few human interferences. Syngeographically WTP distribution was limited on the warm-temperate zone and the southernmost cool-temperate southern submontane zone. First driving force on distributional expansion of the WTP was anthropogenic, particularly in the northernmost distribution area. We finally confirmed an actual existence of the WTP in South Korea and suggested a long-term monitoring on the WTPs in national view of in-situ genetic resources with higher frost-resistance.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.54-67
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• 1991

To investigate the structure of the plant community of Daewon valley forest in Mt. Chiri, eighty-nine plots were set up by the dumped sampling method. The classification by TWINSPAN and DCA ordination were applied to the study area in order to classify item into several groups based on woody plants and environmental variables. The classification had been successfully overlayed on an ordination of the same data using DCA. The plots can be classified into five groups by TWINSPAN and DCA. There are Pinus densiflora community. Quercus variabilis-Q. serrata community. Carpinus laxiflora community. Q. monogolica community and Cornus controversa-Q. mongolica community. The successional trends of tree species by both techniques seem to be from P. densiflora through Q. variabilis, Q. serrata to C. laxiflora on the low altitude and from Q. mongolica to C. controversa on the high altitude in the canopy layer. As a result of the analysis for the relationship between the stand scores of DCA and environmental variables. they had a tendancy to increase significantly from the P. densiflora community to C. laxiflora community that was soil moisture. the amount of soil humus and soil nutrients.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.733-744
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• 2013

This study was launched in order to collect basic data such as emergent species, a succession trend based on the actual vegetation at the ridge from Haneoryoung to Daetjae, thereby designating 46 quadrats($10m{\times}10m:100m^2$). As a result of classification by TWINSPAN, the plant community was categorized into eight different communities, such as Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica-Fraxinus rhynchophylla, P. densiflora-Q. mongolica, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Q. mongolica-Deciduous Broad-leaved, Q. mongolica, Q. mongolica-Betula davurica, Q. mongolica-F. sieboldiana, and Larix kaempferi. An analyzation of each communities indicated that P. densiflora dominant community will change into a Q. mongolica dominant community if there are no outside artificial disturbances. U. davidiana var. japonica community maintains its present condition, because it doesn't appear to be a competitive species. In the case of Q. mongolica dominant community, if nothing comes in a competitive species against Q. monglica, it is possible to succeed to a muture stand. These communities with competitive species such as F. rhynchophylla, B. davurica that do not emerge at a canopy layer will gradually progress to the Deciduous Broad-leaved community. With regard to the species diversity index per unit ($400m^2$), succession processing communities (P. densiflora: 1.0477~1.1283) tend to be higher than succession-processed communities (Q. mongolica dominant: 0.6446~0.9424).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.133-133
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• 2017

Lodging is one of the important constraints in rice production. The lodging destroys the canopy structure, and sharply reduces the capacity of photosynthetic rate and dry matter production. In cereal crops, stem lodging can be classified into two types: stem breaking type and stem bending type. To improve stem lodging resistance, it is important to reveal strong culm traits of superior lodging resistant varieties. There are large varietal differences in parameters associated with the bending moment at breaking (M) and flexural rigidity (FR). The indica variety Takanari possesses large M due to its large section modulus (SM) despite of its small bending stress (BS), while Takanari also has large FR due to its large secondary moment of inertia (SMI) and Young's modulus (YM). To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the corresponding genes associated with the parameters for M ($=SM{\times}BS$) and FR ($=SM{\times}YM$) should enable to develop lodging resistant varieties, efficiently. In order to identify QTLs for cell wall materials such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin associated with BS and YM, a set of Chromosome Segment of Substitution Lines (CSSLs) consisted of 37 lines with chromosome segments of Koshihikari in the genetic background of Takanari were used. Takanari had large M and small BS as compared with Koshihikari. The QTLs for BS were estimated on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Koshihikari alleles increased BS in these QTLs. Takanari had a large FR due to its large SMI and YM as compared with Koshihikari. The YM was increased by substitution of the Koshihikari chromosomal segments on chromosomes 2, 10 and 11. Other QTLs estimated on chromosomes 7 and 12 that Koshihikari alleles contributed to the decrease of YM. For lignin, only one major QTL for lignin density was detected on chromosome 11. Hollocellulose densities were increased by the substitution of Koshihikari segments on chromosomes 5 and 11. On the other hand, these were decreased on chromosomes 1 and 3 by substitution of Koshihikari segments. QTLs for cellulose density were estimated on chromosomes 1, 3 and 5 by substitution of Koshihikari segments. For hemicellulose, QTL on chromosome 3 showed that hemicellulose density decreased by the substitution of Koshihikari segment. However, hemicellulose densities on chromosomes 5, 8 and 11 showed the opposite effects. The QTLs for hemicellulose, cellulose, and hollocelulose densities identified on chromosome 5 overlapped with that for bending stress, indicating the positive effect of Koshihikari segment on increasing bending stress. These results suggest that some QTLs for the densities of cell wall materials contribute to increasing bending stress and Young's modulus, and could be utilized to improve the lodging resistance for both types of breaking and bending in rice varieties.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 1989

This study is conducted to evaluate the effect of KIM-112 (Ca-3, 5-diode-4-propyonly-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate) application at 13, 8 and 3 days before heading for the possibility of lodging prevention, growing pattern of several organisms, growth and yield in paddy rice. KIM-112 was the most effective in reducing elongation of the third internode when it was applied at 13 days before heading(13DBH) and the second internode when it was applied at 8DBH and 3. KIM-112 gradually inhibited internode elongation of rice with increase in dosage starting from 1.0ga.i./10a. The culm length shortened by 7-17% at 3DBH. The maximum distribution of leaf blade at canopy structure was positioned higher on KIM-112 application than on untreated. Lodging index decreased by 8-47% on KIM-112 application and field lodging degree(0-5) was 5 at untreated but KIM-112 application was only 1.3-2.0 of 3 DBH and was little lodging of 8-13 DBH. Ripened grain ratio of KIM-112 application were higher than those of untreated. Yield increased by 27-37% at KIM-112 application.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2020

Recently, a method that applies laser scanning (LS) that acquires vegetation information such as the vegetation habitat area and the size of vegetation in a point cloud format has been proposed. When LS is used to investigate the physical shape of vegetation, it has the advantage of more accurate and rapid information acquisition. However, to examine uncertainties that may arise during measurement or post-processing, the process of adjusting the data by the actual data is necessary. Therefore, in this study, the physical structure of stems, branches, and leaves of woody vegetation in an artificially formed river channel was manually investigated. The obtained results then compared with the information acquired using the three-dimensional terrestrial laser scanning (3D TLS) method, which repeatedly scanned the target vegetation in various directions to obtain relevant information with improved precision. The analysis demonstrated a negligible difference between the measurements for the diameters of vegetation and the length of stems; however, in the case of branch length measurement, a relatively more significant difference was observed. It is because the implementation of point cloud information limits the precise differentiation between branches and leaves in the canopy area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.215-224
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• 2018

The climate change is expected to weaken the habitat of Pinus densiflora and P. thunbergii, but they are still in high demand for planting. This study aims to suggest the rational community planting design based on natural forests' community structure in the southeastern region of Korea (warm temperate zone). For this study, we surveyed 22 plots of Pinus densiflora community and 60 plots of P. thunbergii community in Busan Metropolitan City which is located in the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula. We investigated the diameter of breath hight (DBH) and population of each tree layer in a $100m^2$ quadrat and used a regression analysis to derive a regression equation for estimating the mean number of planting individuals in each DBH. The coefficient between canopy layer's DBH and growth individuals per unit area ($100m^2$) was 0.700 for P. thunbergii communities and 0.533 for P. densiflora communities, indicating very high explanatory power by single factor. The predicted regression equation of between DBH and growth density was $Y=31.176e^{-0.055x}$ (X=DBH, Υ=growth individuals per $100m^2$) for P. thunbergii communities and $Y=38.351e^{-0.059x}$ for P. densiflora communities. Planting densities of P. densiflora communities and P. thunbergii communities in southeast region were higher than the central region.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Forest harvest as large scale artificial disturbance makes edge environment in both clear-cutted and forested habitat. To clarify the development and recovery process of forest edge after disturbances is essential to understand vegetation responses and landscape level consequences such as edge-distance. In Korea, after clear-cutting, edge-related changes of environment and vegetation was not clarified yet. In Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) forest, by applying space-for-time approach (sites with undisturbed and 1, 3, 10, 16 yr after cutting), the edge-related change of plant abundance and abiotic factors were determined for 20 line-transect (60 m) and 340 ($1m{\times}5m$) quadrats, and clarified depth and duration of the disturbance. Immediately after edge formation, within 15m form the edge, biotic and abiotic factors such as cover, richness, canopy openness, temperature and moisture content exhibited larger changes compared to forest interior. Plant abundance and abiotic variables were stabilized at the level of forest inside within 16 yr and 10 yr after edge creation, respectively. Woody (tree and shrub) species generally was showed larger increment with proximity to edge than did herb or graminoid species. In addition, negative interactions between woody and herbaceous species were detected during the period of forest edge closure. Our results suggested that depth of forest edge formed by clear-cutting of Korean red pine forest was at least from 15 m to 20 m and edge effect were likely sustained more than 16 years. As the first empirical study on edge-distance between two contrast habitats of clear-cutted and adjacent forest in South Korea, the analytical reality on landscape structure and habitat patches can be improved.