• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1531-1539
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• 2009

This study compared the nutritional value of canola (B. napa) and mustard (B. hirta) press cakes obtained from the biodiesel industry as ingredients for use in diets fed to broiler chickens. A total of 210, one-day old, male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to one of seven dietary treatments. The control diet was based on wheat and soybean meal and contained 15% canola meal. For the experimental diets, 5, 10 or 15% of the canola meal was replaced with an equal amount of either canola or mustard biodiesel press cake. Dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility were significantly higher for birds fed diets containing either canola or mustard biodiesel press cake compared with canola meal. Dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of the canola biodiesel press cakes was higher than the mustard biodiesel press cakes. Ether extract digestibility and nitrogen retention were significantly higher for birds fed canola biodiesel press cake compared with canola meal and mustard biodiesel press cake. Body weight gain and feed intake did not differ between birds fed canola or mustard biodiesel press cake and canola meal. In addition, there was no significant difference in body weight gain or feed intake between birds fed diets containing canola or mustard biodiesel press cake. Feed conversion was significantly improved for birds fed either canola or mustard biodiesel press cake compared with canola meal. Mortality was unaffected by treatment. Since the performance of broilers fed canola biodiesel press cakes was essentially the same as that of broilers fed canola meal, it is difficult to justify a premium to be paid for canola biodiesel press cake over that paid for canola meal. In addition, there was no difference in the performance of broilers fed biodiesel press cake obtained from canola or mustard seed. As mustard seeds are generally available at a lower price than canola seed, there may be some incentive to use mustard rather than canola seed for producing biodiesel press cake for use in poultry production.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.181-185
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• 2014

This paper describes the effect of canola biodiesel blended fuel on the combustion and emission characteristics in a four cylinder CRDI(Common-rail direct injection) diesel engine. In this study, using the biodiesel fuel(20%,40% of biodiesel-canola oil and 80%, 60% of ULSD(ultra low sulfur diesel) by volume ratio with change of engine speed and injection pressure. The experiment results of increasing biodiesel ratio fuel show that NOx emissions increased. However, soot emission were reduced BC fuels compared to ULSD. Soot emissions largely increased at low injection pressure.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1081-1086
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• 2014

An experimental study was performed in order to compare with the case of using pure diesel the characteristics of combustion pressure and exhaust emissions when the engine speed was changed in a CRDI 4-cylinder diesel engine using biodiesel( Canola oil) blended and pure diesel fuel. As a results, the combustion pressure was decreased with increasing biodiesel blended rate when engine speed was 1,000, 1,500, 2000(rpm). but the combustion pressure of the engine speed 2,500rpm was increased with increasing biodiesel blended rate. The emission results show, that CO was decreased with increasing biodiesel blended rate and engine speed. The emission of $CO_2$, NOx, were increased with increasing biodiesel blended rate and engine speed.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.480-484
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• 2011

In this study, degumming process was carried out for reducing to less than 10 ppm of phosphorus contents and primary properties of crude canola oil including 0.64 mgKOH/g of acid value, 0.09% of water contents, 0.13% of insoluble impurities, and 40 ppm of phosphorus contents. Efficiency of water degumming and enzymatic degumming was compared for the selection of suitable process obtaining feedstock of biodiesel. Degumming method was determined for preparation of raw material of biodiesel, and reaction conditions were also established. The most effective conditions for water degumming were 2% distilled water (w/w oil), $30^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature, 900 rpm of agitation speed, and 30 min of reaction time, respectively. In case of enzymatic degumming, optimal conditions were found to be 90 ppm of phospholipase A2 (w/w oil), $50^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature at pH 5, respectively. When comparing water degumming with enzymatic degumming, efficiency of enzymatic degumming was better than water degumming. However, water degumming method was much more suitable for the production of biodiesel feedstock considering reaction time and process feasibility.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2010

Biodiesel was produced from Canola, soybean and Jatropha oils combined methanol using continuously recycled membrane reactor. The membrane served to react and separate the unreacted oil from the product stream, producing high-purity fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Two ceramic tubular membranes having different nominal pore sizes of 0.2 and 0.5 ${\mu}m$ were used. Permeate was observed at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 bar with a given flow rate, respectively. The permeate flux for 0.2 ${\mu}m$ membrane at 0.5 bar and 400 mL/min flow rate was 15 L/$m^2{\cdot}hr$. Also FAME content in permeate was the highest at 0.5 bar, and decreased with increasing operating pressure.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.142-148
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to analyze the basic flame behavior characteristics using the single fuel droplet combustion of diesel, palm-based biodiesel, and canola-based biodiesel. The results were compared and analyzed through the post processed image, which was applied the threshold level for removing noise in the raw image. The raw image was taken by a high-speed camera during the entire combustion process. At the same time, the maximum flame length, which was measured by the application code of the MATLAB program, the ignition delay, and the combustion period were compared and analyzed.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2015

In the past several decades, biofuels have emerged as candidates to help mitigate the issues of global warming, fossil fuel depletion and, in some cases, atmospheric pollution. To date, the only biofuels that have achieved any significant penetration in the global transportation sector are ethanol and biodiesel. The global consumption of biodiesel was rapidly increased from 2005. The goal of this study was to examine the chemical composition on particulate pollutant emissions from a diesel engine operating on several different biodiesels. Tests were performed on non-road diesel engine. Experiments were performed on 5 different fuel blends at 2 different engine loading conditions (50% and 75%). 5 different fuel blends were ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD, 100%), soy biodiesel (Blend 20% and Blend 100%) and canola biodiesel (Blend 20% and Blend 100%). The chemical properties of particulate pollutants were characterized using an Aerodyne High Resolution Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). Organic matter and nitrate were generally the most abundant aerosol components and exhibited maximum concentration of $1207{\mu}g/m^3$ and $30{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. On average, the oxidized fragment families ($C_xH_yO_1{^+}$, and $C_xH_yO_z{^+}$) account for ~13% of the three family sum, while ~87% comes from the $C_xH_y{^+}$ family. The two peaks of $C_2H_3O_2$ (m/z 59.01) and $C_3H_7O$ (m/z 59.04) located at approximately m/z 59 could be used to identify atmospheric particulate matter directly to biodiesel exhaust, as distinguished from that created by petroleum diesel in the AMS data.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2006

The transesterification of vegetable oils into Biodiesel at $60^{\circ}C$ was performed on the rotary viscometer. The overall yield(%) of fatty acid methyl ester from canola oil at optimum conditions was 95%. The viscosities of fatty acid methyl esters were predicted by Orrick and Erbarr's model. The overall yield increased as the viscosities of fatty acid methyl esters decreased. The limiting molar ratio of methanol to oil appeared to be 1:5. The content of sodium hydroxide as the optimum catalyst appeared to be 0.5wt%.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.385-390
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• 2010

Transesterifications of vegetable oils (soybean oil, grapeseed oil, corn oil, canola oil) by ultrasonic energy were examined on various catalysts for biodiesel production. Reaction activities of the transesterifications were evaluated to the ultrasonic energy and thermal energy. The physicochemical properties and product distribution were also investigated to the biodiesels produced from the oils in the reaction using ultrasonic energy. The yields of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) on the alkali catalysts were higher than those on the acid catalysts. The highest FAME yield was obtained as 83% on potassium hydroxide catalyst in the transesterification. The effective reaction conditions by ultrasonic energy were 1 wt% catalyst loading and 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to vegetable oils. The reaction rate of the transesterification by ultrasonic energy was faster than that by thermal energy. The acid values of the biodiesel products were improved above 30% compared to those of the feedstocks.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.251.1-251.1
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• 2010

바이오디젤은 동식물성 기름과 메탄올의 트랜스에스테르화 반응에 의해 생산되는 지방산메틸에스테르(FAME, fatty acid methyl esters)로서, 트랜스에스테르화 공정에는 KOH, NaOH, $NaOCH_3$등의 균질계 화학촉매를 이용한 방법, 무촉매 공정인 초임계 메탄올 이용 방법, 그리고 효소촉매를 이용한 방법이 있다. 초임계 공정은 에너지 소비와 장치비가 커서 경제성이 떨어지는 것으로 보고되며 화학촉매 공정은 반응 효율이 높다는 장점을 가지고 있지만, 반응 및 정제단계가 복잡하고 정제과정에 폐수를 발생시키는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 고정화 효소를 사용하는 효소 공정은 에너지 비용의 절감, 후 처리 공정의 단순화, 고 순도의 글리세롤을 얻을 수 있는 장점이 있지만, 반응 속도가 느리고 효소 가격이 비싸다는 단점이 있어 현재까지 상업화되지 못하고 있다. 반응속도가 높고 재사용이 가능한 효소 촉매 공정 개발을 위해 본 연구에서는 Candida rugosa, Rizhopus oryzae 2종을 실리카에 동시 고정화하였다. 고정화 Lipase의 제조는 실리카겔을 과산화수소를 이용하여 전처리를 하고 Acetone과 3-APTES의 혼합용액을 첨가한 후 실리카겔과 (silanization)을 진행 하였다. 그리고 glutaraldehyde를 첨가 하여 공유 결합을 형성 한 후에 증류수를 사용하여 실리카겔을 회수하여 lipase(Rizhopus oryzae, Candida rugosa 10% 용액)를 고정화 하였다. 고정화 효소의 효소 활성을 측정한 결과 3000-3500 Unit(${\mu}mol/g{\cdot}min$)으로 측정되었다. 제조된 고정화 효소를 이용하여 Canola Oil을 바이오디젤로 전환하는 실험을 진행하였으며 생성물로부터 고정화 효소를 분리한 후에 상층의 에스테르층을 취하여 수세한 뒤 원심분리하여 FAME 함량을 측정한 결과 83%의 바이오디젤을 얻을 수 있었다. 그리고 효소 촉매 트랜스에스테르화 반응의 Enzyme, Water, Methanol 투입량의 반응 변수들에 대하여 반응표면분석법(Response Surface Methodology)을 적용하여 최적 반응조건을 도출하는 연구를 수행하였다.