• Title/Summary/Keyword: Canine parainfluenza virus

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Incidence of canine viral diseases and prevalence of virus neutralization antibodies of canine distemper virus, adenovirus type 2, parvovirus, and parainfluenza virus type 5 in Korean dogs

  • Dong-Kun Yang;Ha-Hyun Kim;Hye Jeong Lee;Young-Ju Cheong;Lee-Sang Hyeon;Minuk Kim;Bang-Hun Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.64 no.1
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    • pp.3.1-3.8
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    • 2024
  • Canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine parvovirus (CPV), and canine parainfluenza virus 5 (CPIV-5) are the major viral pathogens in dogs. Despite the availability of vaccines for dogs against these 4 viral pathogens, investigations of antibodies against these pathogens have rarely been reported in South Korea. In this study, we investigated the recent incidence of viral diseases in dogs and conducted sero-surveillance for CDV, CAV-2, CPV, and CPIV-5 in Korean dogs. The most frequently diagnosed canine viral disease in Korean dog samples from 2000 to 2022 was CPV infection, which accounted for 48.7% (464/953) of the cases. A total of 400 dog serum samples collected between 2019 and 2022 were screened for the presence of virus-neutralizing antibodies against CDV, CAV-2, CPV, and CPIV-5. The overall seropositivity rates for CDV, CAV-2, CPV, and CPIV-5 were 83.8%, 77.8%, 99.3%, and 82.0%, respectively. The protection rate against CPV was the highest (98.3%) and that against CAV-2 was the lowest (44.8%) in dog sera. Male and female dogs showed no significant differences in seropositivity rates. CDV and CPIV-5 seropositivity increased with age in dogs, and the highest incidence and seropositivity rates of CPV indicated that Korean dogs have been continuously exposed to wild CPV, and that CPV is a pathogen that urgently requires attention among canine viral diseases.

Prediction survey on the viral diseases of companion animals in Gwangju area, Korea (광주지역 반려동물 바이러스 질병 예측 조사)

  • Na, Ho-Myung;Bae, Seong-Yeol;Lee, Yeun-Ey;Park, Jae-Sung;Park, Seong-Do;Kim, Eun-Sun;Kim, Yong-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.187-192
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    • 2013
  • For the monitoring of six viral disease (CIV: canine influenzavirus, CPIV: canine parainfluenzavirus, CHV: canine herpesvirus, CPV2: canine parvovirus type 2, CCoV: canine coronavirus, CNV: canine norovirus) inspections, a total of 300 samples were collected nasal or feces from the companion dogs of animal hospital (n=98) and the abandoned dogs of animal shelters (n=202) in Gwangju, Korea. Using PCR and RT-PCR, CPV2, CPIV and CHV were detected in 55 (18.3%), 11 (3.7%), 1 (0.3%), respectively. CPV2 was highly detected in May, October and November. and CPIV was highly detected in November. But those agents were not detected the virus in March and July. Based on the results of the investigation continuous monitoring for companion and abandoned dogs will be required.

A survey of respiratory pathogens in dogs for adoption in Gwangju metropolitan city animal shelter, South Korea (광주광역시동물보호소 입양 대상 유기견의 호흡기 질병 실태 조사)

  • Koh, Ba-Ra-Da;Kim, Han-Na;Kim, Hyo-Jung;Oh, A-Reum;Jung, Bo-Ram;Park, Jae-Sung;Lee, Jae-Gi;Na, Ho-Myoung;Kim, Yong-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.67-77
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    • 2020
  • Canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD), also known as infectious tracheobronchitis or kennel cough occurs in a multiple-dog environment such as a shelter. In this study, we were collected 300 of nasal swab samples from dogs and 145 of environmental samples from a shelter to investigate respiratory pathogens of dogs in the Gwangju metropolitan city animal shelter from February to October, 2019. Bacteria cultures for isolation of Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were performed for detection of eleven canine respiratory pathogens, namely Mycoplasma (M.) cynos, canine distemper virus (CDV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), alpha-coronavirus (CCoV), canine pneumovirus (CnPnV), canine hepacivirus (CHeV), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2), canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) and canine bocavirus (CBoV). Among 300 nasal swab samples, 148 samples (49.3%) were positive for at least one pathogens. CHV-1 was the most common pathogen, found in 95/300 (31.7%) samples. Subsequently, M. cynos (22.0%), B. bronchiseptica (2.3%), CPIV (2.0%), CBoV (1.7%), CCoV (0.7%) were detected. The detection rates of M. cynos and CHV-1 according to the duration of stay in the shelter were statistically significant. Among environmental samples, M. cynos, CCoV, CBoV and CHV-1 were detected in 45/145 (31.0%). These results indicated the need for disease control and prevention systems in the shelter.

Effects of the modified live vaccines against Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus (개 전염성 기관기관지염에 대한 modified live vaccine의 방어효과)

  • Park, Young-Il;Roh, In-Soon;Han, Jeong-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.57-70
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of the modified live vaccines against canine Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) in puppies by nasal administration. A total of 24 puppies were classified as 3 groups consisting of 8, and each one was divided into two subgroups; vaccinated (n=4) and unvaccinated (n=4). Group I, group II and group III were challenged with Bb, CPIV, and Bb+CPIV, respectively. In group I vaccinated puppies (n=4) were experimentally challenged with Bb 2 weeks after vaccination and unvaccinated puppies (n=4) were experimentally challenged with Bb alone. The same methods of the above were applied for group II and group III. We carried out several studies including serum tests, isolation, and histopathological examination. The vaccinated puppies showed higher antibody titers than unvaccinated puppies and the titer sustained during the experimental period. In the isolation test, recovery period was shorter in the vaccinated subgroup than in the other. In clinical signs, the unvaccinated puppies showed the typical signs of tracheobronchitis (coughing, nasal and occular discharge), but another subgroup showed delayed incidence and mild clinical signs. The typical gross lesions and histopathological findings were observed in the unvaccinated puppies. In immunohistochemical findings, the vaccinated puppies showed little intensive in reaction for CPIV antigen than the other. It could be concluded that intranasal vaccination of modified live Bb and CPIV vaccine to puppies is effective to prevent canine infectious tracheobronchitis.

Detection of viral infections in wild Korean raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis)

  • Yang, Dong-Kun;Lee, Seoug Heon;Kim, Ha-Hyun;Kim, Jong-Taek;Ahn, Sangin;Cho, In-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.57 no.4
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    • pp.209-214
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    • 2017
  • Wild raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) may play a role transmitting several pathogens to humans and pet animals. Information concerning the incidence of rabies, canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2), canine parainfluenza virus type 5 (CPIV-5), and canine herpesvirus (CHV) is needed in wild raccoon dogs. In total, 62 brain samples of raccoon dogs were examined for rabies virus (RABV) and CDV, and 49 lung samples were screened for CDV, CAdV-2, CPIV-5, and CHV. No RABV, CAdV-2, CPIV-5, or CHV was identified, but nine CDV antigens (8.1%, 9/111) were detected. Moreover, 174 serum samples from wild raccoon dogs were screened for antibodies against the five major viral pathogens. The overall sero-surveillance against CDV, CPV, CAdV-2, CPIV-5, and CHV in wild raccoon dogs was 60.3%, 52.9%, 59.8%, 23.6%, and 10.3%, respectively. Comparisons of the sero-surveillance of the five pathogens showed that raccoon dogs of Gyeonggi province have slightly higher sero-positive rates against CDV, CPV, and CHV than those of Gangwon province. These results indicate high incidences of CDV, CPV, and CAdV-2 in wild raccoon dogs of two Korean provinces and a latent risk of pathogen transmission to companion and domestic animals.

Establishment of multiplex RT-PCR for differentiation between rabies virus with and that without mutation at position 333 of glycoprotein

  • Yang, Dong-Kun;Kim, Ha-Hyun;Lee, Siu;Yoo, Jae-Young
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.22.1-22.9
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    • 2020
  • Rabid raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) have been responsible for animal rabies in South Korea since the 1990s. A recombinant rabies vaccine strain, designated as ERAGS, was constructed for use as a bait vaccine. Therefore, new means of differentiating ERAGS from other rabies virus (RABV) strains will be required in biological manufacturing and diagnostic service centers. In this study, we designed two specific primer sets for differentiation between ERAGS and other RABVs based on mutation in the RABV glycoprotein gene. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the glycoprotein gene revealed two DNA bands of 383 bp and 583 bp in the ERAGS strain but a single DNA band of 383 bp in the field strains. The detection limits of multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were 80 and 8 FAID50/reaction for the ERAGS and Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth strains, respectively. No cross-reactions were detected in the non-RABV reference viruses, including canine distemper virus, parvovirus, canine adenovirus type 1 and 2, and parainfluenza virus. The results of multiplex RT-PCR were 100% consistent with those of the fluorescent antibody test. Therefore, one-step multiplex RT-PCR is likely useful for differentiation between RABVs with and those without mutation at position 333 of the RABV glycoprotein gene.

Etiologic Survey on the Acute Diarrhea of Puppies in Seoul (서울지역에서 문제되고 있는 강아지의 급성설사증에 관한 병인학적 연구)

  • Han Hong-Ryul;Park Hee-Myung;Lee Jin-Hee;Oh Tae-Ho;Jeong Soon-Wuk;Youn Sin-Keun;Park Cheol-Man
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.171-184
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    • 1993
  • In Seoul area, there are so many kennel clubs, veterinary hospital, pet establishment and breeding confers that various problems have occurred. They are crowed pet houses, poor sanitation, stress to puppies, sudden environmental changes to puppies and unvaccination against parvovirus, canine distemper virus, parainfluenza virus, infectious hepatitis caused by Adenovirus type I and Leptospira. Several studies were made to survey the infectious agents involved in acute diarrhea of poppies in Seoul are, such as history taking, physical examination, complete blood count and serum chemistry, histopathological finding, bacterial isolation and identification, and hemagglutination test in feces and hemagglutination inhibition test in serum against parvovirus, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as followed. 1. The percent of PCV (30.5$\pm$5.6) and concentration of Total protein(5.0$\pm$0.8) resulted from statistical analysis are significantly lower than normal values (p<0.05), respectively. In addition, fibrinogen (505$\pm$326) was significantly higher an normal value (p<0.001), Band neutrophil (22.9$\pm$12.7) showed signifiant difference (P<0.01). decreased monocyte (3.2$\pm$2.1) and eosinophil (0.7$\pm$0.8) values appeared statistically significant (p<0.001), lymphocyte (16.7$\pm$9), as well. 2. The concentrations of calcium .(8.0$\pm$2.8), glucose (40.1$\pm$31.4), and albumin (2.0$\pm$0.39) were lower than normal values (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.001), respectively. Also Inorganic phosphate (7.1$\pm$2.4), pH (p<7.9f:0.2), and Blood Urea Nitrogen (40.41=37.1) were significantly higher than normal values (p<0.001, p(0.001, p<0.05), respectively. 3. Simple and mixed infections occupied 18% and 82% in the distribution of causes in puppies with acute diarrhea, respectively. 4. As puppies got older, incidence of acute diarrhea caused by Staphylococcus aureus was decreased to 13% and infection of canine distemper virus was increased to 53%, but E coli and canine parvovirus always showed high frequency of outbreak in the body weight ranged from 35g to 7.8Kg. 5. As showed in table 5, infections of E coli and Canine Parvovirus showed high outbreak regardless of the age which is classified into three stages, 35~50 day, 60 day and 75~day to 1 year, canine distemper virus appeared increased, but in case of Staphylococcus aureus, visa versa. 6. In comparison wi methods for the laboratory diagnosis diagnosis parvovirus, Hemagglutination test showed positive reaction in 25% and mean serum antibody titer measured by Hemagglutination inhibition test showed 2779 (n=20). In addition, positive reaction was 90% (18/20). 7. In histopathological studies, enteritic and pneumonic lesions were indicated in 53.7% and 39.5% of samples, respectively. 8. Etiologic diagnosis based on the history taking, clinical signs and histopathological findings in puppies with acute diarrhea and vomiting indicated that 50% of puppies were infected by canine parvovirus and distemper virus. 9. In the parasitological examination made by simple flotation with saturated zinc sulfate tour parasites found were Isospora canis, Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma spp and Toxocara spp. Isospora canis and Toxocara canis were more frequently found among those parasites of diarrhoeic causes in puppies ranged from 35 days to 1 year. Their infestation rates were 15% and 13% respectively.

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