• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.90-94
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• 1988

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunodiffusion method were used for the species differentiation of yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utils, Candida tropicalis, and Kleuyveromyces fragilis. Comparing the electrophoretic patterns of soluble and membrane proteins, Saccharomyces cereνisiae was similar to Candida utilis but was different from Candida tropicalis and Kleuyveromyces fragilis. In immunochemical properties of soluble proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was almost identical with Candido utilis. However, Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Candida utilis was quite different from Candida tropicalis and Kleuyveromyces fragilis in their immunoreactivities. In immunochemical properties of membrane proteins, almost the same results were obtained irrespective of four yeast species. By using SDS-PAGE and immunodiffusion methods, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis were difficult to differentiate but both species were easily differentiated from Candida tropicalis and Kleuyveromyces fragilis.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1985

The effects of initial concentration, flow rate, and recycle ratio on the removal efficiency of phenol were studied in a tapered fluidized bed reactor packed with activated carbon which was attached with Candida tropicalis. The optimum conditions of Candida tropicalis were showed that pH was 7.0 and temperature was $30^{\circ}C$, and the specific growth rate of Candida tropicalis was satisfied with the Monod equation up to 500 mg/L of phenol, and beyond it the inhibition of substrate was found. According to the increases of initial concentration and flow rate, the removal efficiency was decreased, as the recycle ratio was increased, the removal efficiency was increased. In the case of flow rate of 10mL/sec and the recycle ratio of 2, the removal efficiency was 90% above for the all of initial concentration. The removal rate of phenol was the first order reaction in this system, and the rate equation of reaction was as follows.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.587-592
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• 1996

Effects of high pressure on the inactivation and microstructure of Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis) were in vestigated. High pressure inactivation of C. tropicalis was a first order reaction. The decimal reduction time (D value) at 400 MPa was 1.4 min at $25^{\circ}C$ and z value was 100 MPa. The effect of high pressure treatment was higher when treated at $45^{\circ}C$ than at $25^{\circ}C$. Damages in mitochondrial membrane and cell wall of C. Tropicalis were observed when it was pressurized at 400 MPa for 10 min. It indicates that high pressure affects the membrane system of the cell and causes the inactivation of C. tropicalis.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.237-241
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• 1999

Phenolic resin wastewater contained 41,000 mglI phenol, 2,800 mg/l fonualdehyde and various chlorinated phenolic compounds. Candida tropicalis PW-51 isolated [rom the natural enVlfooment was able to degrade 1,000 mg/l phenol in the presence of 100 mglI formaldehyde, but it took much time to degrade phenol with the increase of formaldehyde in phenolic resin wastewater. %en the phenolic resin wastewater was diluted to 1/40, the initial concentration of phenolic compounds (phenols) was 882 mglI and degraded to 81 mglI by C tfVpicalis PW-51 in batch culture. In a continuous biological treatment, the phenolic resin wastewater was diluted to 40 (745 mglI), 20 (1,356 mglI), or 10 (2,875 mglI) times. The removal efficiency of phenols in 1/40- and lI20-diluted phenolic resin wastewater was about 92%, but the phenols in 1!1O-diluted wastewater were not degraded. The remained phenols in wastewater were absorbed by a mixture of activated carbon and rice bran (1:1, v:v) in the process of absorption which was connected to the biological treatment. The total removal efficiency of phenols in 1!40~ and l/20-diluted phenolic resin wastewater was 99.9%.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.385-388
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• 2011

Fungal infections are rarely responsible for arthritis. Few cases of fungal arthritis have been reported, even in immunocompromised hosts susceptible to low-virulence organisms. Herein, the authors report the first case of Candida tropicalis arthritis in a child with a solid tumor. A 13-year-old boy with Ewing's sarcoma developed arthritis in his elbow during the neutropenic period after chemotherapy. Despite treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, his condition did not improve and serial blood cultures failed to reveal any causative organisms. After surgical drainage, culture of the joint fluid revealed the presence of C. tropicalis. Itraconazole treatment was started and after 3 months of therapy, the patient completely recovered full elbow function.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 2009

This study was conducted to improve biological degradation efficiency of toluene as a model volatile organic compound (VOC) using yeast Candida tropicalis and to suggest an effective method for bioreactor operation. The yeast strain was immobilized with polyethylene glycol (PEG), alginate, and powdered activated carbon (PAC). The yeast-immobilized polymer media were used as fluidized materials in an airlift bioreactor. Polymer media without PAC were also made and operated in another airlift bioreactor. The two bioreactors showed toluene removal efficiencies ranging 80-96% at loading rates of $10-35 g/m^3-hr$, and the bioreactor containing the polymer media with PAC achieved higher removal efficiency. Protein contents in the liquid phase showed that the bioreactor using the yeast-immobilized polymer media with PAC had a higher rate of microbial growth initially than that without PAC. In addition, the microbial growth rate inside of the polymer media with PAC was five times higher than that without PAC. Consequently, the polymer media containing the yeast strain and PAC could enhance removal efficiencies for VOCs, and the immobilization method improve microbial activity and stability for a long-term operation of biological systems.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2015

Tuak is a traditional alcoholic beverage, one of the most widely known in the North Sumateran region of Indonesia. It is produced by a spontaneous fermentation process through the application of one or more several kinds of wood bark or root, called raru (Xylocorpus wood bark or a variety of forest mangosteen), into the sap water of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) for 2−3 days. In this research, yeast that are potentially useful for ethanol production was isolated from Tuak and identified. Based on analysis of D1/D2 domain sequence of LSU (large subunit) rRNA genes, those isolated yeast strains, HT4, HT5, and HT10 were identified as Candida tropicalis. Fermentation test of these C. tropicalis isolates displayed an ability to produce 6.55% (v/v) and 4.58% ethanol at 30℃ and 42℃, respectively. These results indicated C. tropicalis isolates more rapidly utilize glucose and obtain higher levels of the production of ethanol at the higher temperature of 42℃ than S. cerevisiae, a common yeast used for bioethanol fermentation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.219-230
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• 1974

For the production of single cell protein from n-paraffin, yeasts utilizing n-paraffin and ethanol were isolated from oil deposit and oil field soils. The mixed cultivation between yeasts assimilating n-paraffin and ethanol was carried out to increase cell yield. Finally, selected strains were identified and suitable medium composition for mixed culture was compared with that of single cultures using flask and 5 l-jar fermentor. Yeasts grow on n-paraffin and ethanol were identified as Candida tropicalis var. KIST 76 and Trichosporon cutaneum KIST 76H respectively. By mixed cultivation under the suitable medium composition using 5 l-jar fermentor, maximum dry cell weight reached 20 g/l after 12 hrs. cultivation and it's protein content was 58%. Yield has been increased about 25% and protein content has been increased 6.7% compared to that of single culture, Candida tropicalis var. KIST 76, after 16 hrs. cultivation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 1991

Opportunistic mycotic infection of mammary gland due to Candida tropicalis is described in a 7-year-old Holstein Friesian cow with a history of prologned use of antibiotics and corticosteroids. C. tropicalis was repeatedly isolated from the mastitic milk on simplified sunflower seed medium at 30$^{\circ}C$. The pathogen was directly detected in the infected milk by 'PHOL' technique. Microscopic examination of Gram stained smears of milk sediment revealed numerous yeast cells and hyphae morphologically consistent with Candida spp. In vitro drug sensitivity test indicated that C. tropicalis was sensitive to nystatin. Chemotherapy with intramammary infusion of nystatin was successful as evidenced by clinical and mycological observations. It emphasizes the growing significance of Candida spp. and other opportunistic fungal pathogens in Veterinary medicine.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 1997

A high xylitol producing yeast was isolated from the sludge of xylose manufacturing factory and then identified as Candida tropicalis DS-72 according to physiological properties. The strain was able to produce xylitol in a high concentration up to 72g/l from 100g/l xylose in 32 hours. Medium optimization for xylitol production by C. tropicalis DS-72 was performed. Effect of various nitrogen sources on xylitol production was investigated. Of nitrogenous compounds, yeast extract was the most suitable organic nitrogen nutrient for the enhancement of xylitol production. However, inorganic nitrogen resulted in a low cell concentration and did not produce xylitol. Effect of inorganic salts such as KH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$, and MgSO$_{4}$, 7H$_{2}$O on xylitol production was also studied. Optimal medium was selected as xylose 100g/l, yeast extract 10g/l, KH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$, 5 g/l and MgSO$_{4}$, 7H$_{2}$O 0.2 g/l. Xylitol of 88 g/l was produced from 100 g/l xylose in 30 hours using the optimal medium in a flask. In a fermentor, a fed-batch culture with 300g/l xylose was carried out. A final xylitol concentration of 240 g/l in the culture could be obtained in 43 hours of culture time by maintaining the high level of dissolved oxygen during growth phase and limiting the dissolved oxygen in the same culture during production phase. This result corresponded to a xylitol yield of 80% and a xylitol productivity of 5.58 g/1-h.