• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1997

Meanwhile Pityrosporum species as well as Candida species in yeast phase are not pathogenic, Pityrosporum in mycelial phase is pathogenic. Pityrosporum species can be isolated not only from tinea versicolor patients but also from ninety (90) percent of healthy persons. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ketoconazole against Pityrosporum spp. was 0.05~0.8$\mu\textrm{g}$ ml$^{-1}$and the MIC of ketoconazole was the lowest. Of itraconazole, selenium sulfide, sodium thiosulfate and ketoconazole had the lowest MIC against P. orbiculare. The P. orbiculare strains isolated from healthy persons were inhibited by lower MIC than those isolated from tinea versicolor patients. P. ovale strains were inhibited by lower MIC at MIC$_{50}$ and MIC$_{90}$ of oral and topical antifungal agents than p. orbiculare.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.361-363
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• 1988

The prevalence of yeasts in mammary glands of dairy cows and teat cups of milking machines was studied in Chinju area. The rate of subclinical yeast infection in 330 quarters was 3.6%. Of 12 isolates from the milk, 4 Candida pseudotropicalis, 3 C tropicalis, 2 C krusei, 2 C albicans and 1 Rhodotorula spp were identified. The 91.7% of the isolates belonged to the genus Candida and C pseudotropicalis was the predominant species. From 20.5% of 200 teat cups tested, 51 strains of yeasts were isolated. These were 13 C pseudotropicalis, 9 C guilliermondii, 7 C tropicalis, 5 C krusei, 5 C parapsilosis, 3 C albicans, 2 Torulopsis glabrata, 2 Geotrichum candidum and 5 unidentified yeasts. C pseudotropicalis was most frequently encountcred.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1734-1741
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• 2015

Few research had investigated the secretion of phospholipase and aspartyl proteinase from Candida spp. causing infection in females with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This research aimed to investigate the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in diabetic versus non-diabetic women and compare the ability of identified Candida isolates to secrete phospholipases and aspartyl proteinases with characterization of their genetic profile. The study included 80 females with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 100 non-diabetic females within the child-bearing period. Candida strains were isolated and identified by conventional microbiological methods and by API Candida. The isolates were screened for their extracellular phospholipase and proteinase activities by culturing them on egg yolk and bovine serum albumin media, respectively. Detection of aspartyl proteinase genes (SAP1 to SAP8) and phospholipase genes (PLB1, PLB2) were performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Our results indicated that vaginal candidiasis was significantly higher among the diabetic group versus nondiabetic group (50% versus 20%, respectively) (p = 0.004). C. albicans was the most prevalent species followed by C. glabrata in both groups. No significant association between diabetes mellitus and phospholipase activities was detected (p = 0.262), whereas high significant proteinase activities exhibited by Candida isolated from diabetic females were found (82.5%) (p = 0.000). Non-significant associations between any of the tested proteinase or phospholipase genes and diabetes mellitus were detected (p > 0.05). In conclusion, it is noticed that the incidence of C. glabrata causing VVC is increased. The higher prevalence of vaginal candidiasis among diabetics could be related to the increased aspartyl proteinase production in this group of patients.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.152-161
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• 2017

Cheese is an excellent substrate for yeast and mold growth. These organisms can cause cheese spoilage, resulting in significant food wastage and economic losses. In the context of cheese spoilage, the presence and effects of spoilage or pathogenic bacteria are well documented. In contrast, although yeasts and molds are responsible for much dairy food wastage, only a few studies have examined the diversity of spoilage fungi. This article reviews the spoilage yeasts and molds affecting cheeses in various countries. The diversity and number of fungi present were found to depend on the type of cheese. Important fungi growing on cheese include Candida spp., Galactomyces spp., Debaryomyces spp., Yarrowia spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Geotrichum spp., Mucor spp., and Trichoderma spp.. In addition, several mold spoilage species, such as Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp., are able to produce mycotoxins, which may also be toxic to humans. There are many ways to eliminate or reduce toxin levels in foods and feeds. However, the best way to avoid mycotoxins in cheese is to prevent mold contamination since there are limitations to mold degradation or detoxifications in cheese. Chemical preservatives, natural products, and modified atmosphere packaging have been used to prevent or delay mold spoilage and improve product shelf life and food safety.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2002

This study was carried out to isolate and identify the yeasts from the the composts, which were effective to reduce odor of the pig feces, and to investigate their physiological properties. In yeasts, one of 30 isolates was obtained on 10% pig feces extract medium. Judging from the morphological and biochemical characteristics, the CY-10 isolated from the compost were identified as Candida rugosa. This isolated strain showed the deodorizing activity by reducing the concentration of $NH_3$ and R-$NH_2$ than that of the control. The CY-10 had completely utilizing butyric acid and iso-butyric acid including 10% pig slurry of the volatile fatty acids, which are the specific malodorous agents of pig feces. Compared to control, this yeast was found effective for decrease in $NH_4$-N, Soluble-N and BOD, 20%, 12.6%, and 9.82% respectively.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.188-193
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• 2001

To evaluate antimicrobial activities of chongkukjang slime fermented by different strains, growth characteristics were compared using various standard microorganisms with addition of chongkykjang slime. Chonghkjang slime was prepared by fermenting cooked soybean after inoculating with Bacillus circulans K-1, Baciilus spp N-1 and Bacillus subtilis CH-1, respectively. Significant antimicrobial activity was observed by chongkukjang slime on gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus), gram negative bacteria(Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Pseudomonas fluorescens), and yeast (Pichia membranaefaciens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans). In case of B. cereus growth inhibition of 80% was achieved by the addition of chongkukjang slime; on the contrary, to Escherichia coli O157:H7 only 20% inhibition was observed. Slime from Bacillus subtilis CH-1, in particular, inhibition of 40% toward bacteria and yeast, whereas slime from Bacillus circulans K-1, Bacillus spp N-1 showed only 20% inhibition.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.496-502
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• 2016

This review describes the diversity of Korean fermented foods and their significance as potential sources of probiotic bacteria. Fermented foods consumed in Korea are categorized according to their base material. Fermented foods such as kimchi, meju, doenjang, kangjang, jeotgal, and makgeolli are reported to have significant medicinal properties. These fermented products, which are consumed regularly by local people, are rich sources of beneficial microbes represented by several genera, including Weissella spp., Lactobacillus spp., Leuconostoc spp., Mucor, Penicillium, Scopulariopsis, Aspergillus, Rhodotorula, Candida, Saccharomyces, and Bacillus, as well as lactic acid bacteria. Fermented foods are now taken beyond the boundaries of their use as mere side dishes and are used significantly as a functional as well as medicinal foods. Fermented foods are a rich source of potential natural substances with antioxidant, anticancer, anticholesteric, antiobesitic, and antiaging properties, so that traditional fermented foods used as food supplements can impart health benefits. Publication of scientific studies on the dietary benefits of various fermented foods and growing consciousness about the potential health benefits of traditional fermented food are reflected in the scores of reports currently available in this field. Food microbiologists now have abundant opportunities to explore Korean traditional fermented foods for the isolation of new bacterial strains and to evaluate the potential applications of these strains through microbiological research.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2018

Totally 91 strains of wild yeasts were isolated from the humus rich soil in the Bogyong city park of Daejeon city, Korea. Majority of the strains belonged to Cryptococcus spp., which included 11 strains of Cryptococcus aureus. Among them, Kwoniella mangroviensis JSS0500, Candida corydalis JSS0501, Candida bombi JSS0503, Candida multigemmis JSS0504, Cryptococcus dimennae JSS0506, Cryptococcus saitoi JSS0507, Cryptococcus victoriae JSS0508, Metschnikowia pulcherrima JSS0502, Papiliotrema aurea JSS0505, Debaryomyces vanrijia JSS0509, Occultifur externus JSS0510, Filobasidium floriforme JSS0511 and Yamadazyma scolyti JSS0512 represented newly recorded yeast strains in Korea, and their microbiological characteristics were investigated. All of these unrecorded yeasts showed oval shape and also formed ascospores and pseudomycelia, except for Kwoniella mangroviensis JSS0500, Candida bombi JSS0503, and Metschnikowia pulcherrima JSS0502. Seven strains including Candida corydalis JSS0501 grew in vitamin-free medium, and 4 of the wild yeasts including Cryptococcus victoriae JSS0508 were halotolerant, i.e., capable of growing in 10% NaCl-containing yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) broth. Debaryomyces vanrijia JSS0509 was found to be a thermophilic yeast that grew at $37^{\circ}C$.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.269-274
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• 2005

Esophageal candidiasis is an opportunistic infection, often reported in patients who have acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a neoplastic disease, or undergoing protracted antibiotic therapy. Impaired cell mediated immunity was often considered as the major predisposing factor in patients of esophageal mucosal colonization of Candida spp. However, it is increasingly reported that the occurrence of esophageal candidiasis with no underlying disease or immune suppression. We have experienced a case of esophageal candidiasis in a 15-year-old girl who was immunologically normal and have no underlying disease and whose main symptoms were epigastric and retrosternal pain with dysphagia. This case suggests the possibilities of candidal infections in children without predisposing factors such as immune compromised conditions, so it will be needed to differentiate the esophageal candidiasis among healthy children with symptoms of odynophagia and dysphagia.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.403-406
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• 2009

Rev is an essential regulatory protein for HIV-1 replication. Rev (11-20) is known as the significant region regarding the function of a nuclear entry inhibitory signal (NIS) of Rev. In this study, anticandidal effects and mechanism of action of Rev (11-20) were investigated. The result exhibited that Rev (11-20) contained candidacidal activities. To understand target site(s) of Rev (11-20), the intracellular localization of the peptide was investigated. The result showed that Rev (11-20) rapidly accumulated in the fungal cell surface. The cell wall regeneration test also indicated that Rev (11-20) exerted its anticandidal activity to fungal plasma membrane rather than cell wall. The fluorescent study using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) further confirmed the membrane-disruption mechanism(s) of Rev (11-20). The present study suggests that Rev (11-20) possesses significant potential regarding therapeutic agents for treating fungal diseases caused by Candida species in humans.