• 대한간호
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.73-88
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• 1990

This study was done in order to identify symptoms of grief and patterns of coping in mothers of chronically ill children. Nurses, as health professionals, must understand helpful coping methods for mothers who have chronically ill children. Based on this knowledge, nurses can develop appropriate nursing intervention strategies, and so help the mothers to develop effective ways of coping and give support to mothers with chronically ill children in process of coping with this grief. The research questions guiding this research were: 1. what type of grief does the mother have at the time of child's diagnosis and at present\ulcorner 2. what are the problems confronting the mother 3. what are the coping patterns of the mother\ulcorner 4. is there a difference according to child's diagnosis in the mother's grief and coping pattern\ulcorner The subject for this study were obtained by taking a convenience sample of 120 mothers with a chronically ill child. Interviews took place in four medical school hospitals and one medical center in Seoul from March 19th to May 16th 1990. The tools used in this study were Mcfarlan's(1983), Grief contents, Folkman & Lazarus(1983), Ways of Coping and Hymovich's (1983) the Chronicity Impact and Coping Instrument. The findings were as follows; 1. Grief items had a maximum score of three points. The highest item scrores at the time of diagnosis, were in order, heart broken, talkative, and could not do anything, at the present, 'talkative', 'heart broken' and 'busy myself with other things'. 2. The problems confronting the mothers were 'worry about ill child's future', 'her responsibilities in taking care of the ill child.' 3. Most of the mothers used similar ways of coping, that is 'problem focused coping', 'detachment', 'wishful thinking', 'seeking social support" and 'focusing on the positive and hardly any of them used 'tension reduction'. 4. There was a sinificant difference in coping methods according to the childs diagnosis, leukemia, cancer hemophillia and nephrotic syndrome. The most frequently used coping method was detachment, especially for the mother of the child with. 5. At the time of diagnosis there was a positive correlation between the level of grief and the coping method of detachment and seeking social support.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2002

Gastric Carcinoma is very plentiful and significant disease in Korean community. The reason is that Gastric Carcinoma is not a simply finding disease with unclear symptoms for early detection. Early detection and early medical treatment of a cancer patient is an important instrument of reducing the mortility rate. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of audiovisual information with videotape infulencing on knowledge and attitude of early detection of gastric carcinoma. The research design was a non-equivalent control group, pre-post test. The subjects of this study were 52 members of D-taxi drivers which was located in Pusan. The subjects were twenty six experimental group and twenty six control group. The experimental group was collected from January 15, 1999 to January 26, 1999. The control group was collected from the research was 28 minutes video program which was turning out the form of documentary on the based practical experience. And also the experimental tool was used measurung instrument which measured a dependent, variable throughout the consulatation of an percentage, average, standard deviation, ${\chi}^2-test$ and t-test using spss/pc program. The result of this research were as follows : 1)" The experimental group which was offered the video program, should be higher in knowledge of early detection of the gastric carcinoma than the control group" was supported. (t= -7.754, p=.000) 2) "The experimental group which was offered the video program, should be higher in attitude of the early detection of the gastric carcinoma than the control group" was supported. (t=-4.321, p=.000) Therefore, in conclusion, this study that the audiovisual information with videotape influencing on knowledge and attitude of early detection of gastric carcionma was very representational experience throughout the video of documentary form on the based practical experience was much effected the change of the knowledge and the attitude regarding to the early detection of the gastric carcinoma was verified.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.603-606
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• 2010

부신생물 변연계뇌염(paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis)은 신경계의 전이가 없이 종양의 원격 작용에 의해 발생하는 질환으로 소아에서는 드물게 보고되고 있다. 저자들은 사춘기 여아에서 발생한 성숙 난소기형종에 동반된 부신생물 변연뇌염을 경험하고 보고하고자 한다. 15세 여자 환자가 신경정신증상, 기억력 저하, 경련, 의식 저하를 주소로 내원하였다. 뇌척수액 검사, 뇌 MRI는 정상이었으나, 뇌 SPECT 검사에서 양측 측두엽의 저관류가 관찰되었다. 복부 초음파와 MRI에서 좌측 난소의 낭성 종양이 발견되었다. 종양의 수술적 제거 후 성숙 난소기형종으로 확인되었으며, 종양 제거 및 면역글로불린 정맥 투여로 완전한 인지 기능의 회복을 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2014

Nausea and emesis are a major side effect and obstacle for chemotherapy in cancer patients. Employ of antiemetic drugs help to suppress chemotherapy-induced emesis in some patients but not all patients. Ginger, an herbal medicine, has been traditionally used to treat various kinds of diseases including gastrointestinal symptoms. Ginger is effective in alleviating nausea and emesis, particularly, for cytotoxic chemotherapy drug-induced emesis. Ginger-mediated antiemetic effect has been attributed to its pungent constituents-mediated inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) receptor activity but its cellular mechanism of action is still unclear. Emetogenic chemotherapy drugs increase 5-HT concentration and activate visceral vagal afferent nerve activity. Thus, 5-HT mediated vagal afferent activation is essential to provoke emesis during chemotherapy. In this experiment, water extract of ginger and its three major pungent constituent's effect on 5-HT-evoked responses were tested on acutely dispersed visceral afferent neurons with patch-clamp methods. The ginger extract has similar effects to antiemetic drug ondansetron by blocking 5-HT-evoked responses. Pungent constituents of the ginger, [6]-shogaol, [6]-gingerol, and zingerone inhibited 5-HT responses in a dose dependent manner. The order of inhibitory potency for these compounds were [6]-shogaol>[6]-gingerol>zingerone. Unlike well-known competitive 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron, all tested ginger constituents acted as non-competitive antagonist. Our results imply that ginger and its pungent constituents exert antiemetic effects by blocking 5-HT-induced emetic signal transmission in vagal afferent neurons.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.525-538
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• 2018

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-induced psychiatric disorder characterized by impaired fear extermination, hyperarousal, and anxiety that may involve the release of monoamines in the fear circuit. The reported pharmacological properties of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) include anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and neuropsychiatric activities. However, the anxiolytic-like effects of TMP and its mechanism of action in PTSD are unclear. This study measured several anxiety-related behavioral responses to examine the effects of TMP on symptoms of anxiety in rats after single prolonged stress (SPS) exposure by reversing the serotonin (5-HT) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction. Rats were given TMP (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days after SPS exposure. Administration of TMP significantly reduced grooming behavior, increased the time spent and number of visits to the open arm in the elevated plus maze test, and significantly increased the number of central zone crossings in the open field test. TMP administration significantly reduced the freezing response to contextual fear conditioning and significantly restored the neurochemical abnormalities and the SPS-induced decrease in 5-HT tissue levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. The increased 5-HT concentration during TMP treatment might be partially attribute to the tryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid mRNA level expression in the hippocampus of rats with PTSD. These findings support a role for reducing the altered serotonergic transmission in rats with PTSD. TMP simultaneously attenuated the HPA axis dysfunction. Therefore, TMP may be useful for developing an agent for treating psychiatric disorders, such those observed in patients with PTSD.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.268-275
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• 2015

Purpose: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare condition that can be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to evaluate PSC and its association with IBD in children. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 13 pediatric patients (<18 years) with PSC treated at Asan Medical Center between June 1989 and December 2013. Clinical findings and long-term outcomes were investigated. During the same period, the incidence of PSC among IBD patients was evaluated among 600 Crohn disease (CD) and 210 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Results: All 13 study patients diagnosed with PSC also presented with IBD. Eleven boys and two girls with a median age of 15.0 years old (9.0-17.8 years) were included. The cumulative incidence of PSC for UC was 5.7% (12 of 210) and 0.2% for CD (1 of 600), respectively. PSC occurred during follow-up for IBD for five patients (38.5%) whereas, IBD developed during follow-up for PSC for two patients (15.4%), and was diagnosed during the initial work-up for PSC for 6 patients (46.2%). For the 77.3 month median follow-up period, 9/13 patients (69.2%), neither the clinical symptoms nor blood test results worsened. Two cases (15.4%) developed liver cirrhosis and underwent liver transplantation. Among 13 PSC patients with IBD, two (15.4%) developed colorectal cancer, and no one developed cholangiocarcinoma. Conclusion: All patients with PSC in this study had associated IBD. The incidence of PSC was not rare compared to reports in adults. PSC should be considered during the management of IBD and vice versa in children.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.299-306
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• 1988

We have reviewed 330 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax from Jan. 1980 to Jul. 1987 at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University. The ratio of male to female was 8.4:1, predominant in male. The incidence according to the age group was highest as 32% in the adolescence between 21 and 30 years old. The site of pneumothorax was right in 48%, left in 45% and bilateral in 7%. The initial symptoms were frequently dyspnea in 85%, chest pain in 63%. The etiologic factors were as follows; bleb origin in 31%, tuberculous origin in 30%, COPD in 3.3%, lung cancer in 1.5%, unknown in 29%. There was no significant difference in seasonal incidence irrespective of tuberculous or sex. The employed managements were as follows; bed rest with oxygen inhalation in 4 cases, closed thoracostomy in 326 cases, open thoracotomy in 122 cases, median sternotomy in 23 cases. The operative procedures at thoracotomy were as follows; simple pleurodesis in 5 cases, bleb excision or wedge resection in 113 cases, segmentectomy or lobectomy in 17 cases, decortication in 42 cases. Recurrence rate of each treatment was as follow; 50% in conservative treatment, 19% in closed thoracostomy, 2% in open thoracotomy, 4% in median sternotomy. Therefore overall recurrence rate was 12%. Open thoracotomy was the most effective procedure in recurrent pneumothorax, previous contralateral pneumothorax, bilateral simultaneous pneumothorax, visible bleb or bullae on the chest x-ray and persistent air leakage. 23 cases of unilateral spontaneous pneumothorax was examined whether or not underlying pathology of pneumothorax at opposite lung. 18 cases[78%] were positive findings. Therefore, bilateral thoracotomy by median sternotomy was a good operative method preventing contralateral pneumothorax.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.929-932
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• 2004

원발성 폐육종은 미국의 경우 전체 원발성 폐암 발생률의 0.4% 정도의 비율로 발생하는 드문 질환이며 이중 원발성 폐동맥 골육종은 전 세계적으로 극히 드물게 보고되고 있다. 본 증례는 63세 여자 환자로 흉통과 호흡곤란, 어지러움을 주소로 응급실로 내원하여 검사 중 갑자기 쇼크상태에 빠졌다. 반복적인 심폐소생술을 시행하며 심초음파를 실시한 결과 급성 폐동맥 색전증으로 인한 우심부전증으로 진단하여 인공심폐기 가동하에 응급수술을 시행하였다. 주폐동맥을 절개하였을 때 혈전이 주폐동맥에서 좌우 폐동맥에 걸쳐 존재하였고 종괴가 주폐동맥의 우상부쪽 내막에 붙어 있어서 종괴와 혈전을 제거하였다. 환자는 특별한 문제없이 회복되었으며 술 후 조직검사에서 종괴는 폐동맥 골육종으로 진단되었다. 술 후 시행한 검사에서 폐 이외의 장기에서는 골육종이 발견되지 않았으며 좌하행 폐동맥 내에 잔존하는 종괴와 좌우 폐야에서 다발성 결절들이 관찰되어 혈행성 전이가 의심되어 항암치료와 방사선치료를 시행하였으며 수술 후 16개월에 환자는 잔존하는 종괴와 전이성 결절들의 크기는 줄어든 상태로 특별한 증상 없이 지내고 있다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 1991

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS), known also as Sudeck's atrophy, is an uncommon disorder recognized by its distinctive symptom complex consisting of pain and tenderness, vasomotor instability, swelling, and dystrophic skin changes and radiologic changes. The present study has been carried out to prospectively establish scintigraphic diagnostic criteria for RSDS using three-phase radionuclide bone scintigraphy (TPBS). In addition, the usefulness in the evaluation of treatment of RSDS was assessed. Patients included were 6 men and 7 women with the age ranging from 25 to 63 years (average 47 years). Diagnosis was based on typical clinical symptoms and signs as described above. Associated clinical conditions in these patients were cerebral infarction (4 patients), lung cancer (2 patients), trauma (1 patient), lymphoma (1 patient), and unknown cause (5 patients). All patients showed diffuse radionuclide accumulation in juxtaarticular region on the delayed static image and 11 patients showed diffusely increased activities also on scintiangiogram and blood-pool image. Fillow-up TPBS after corticosteroid therapy in 4 patients revealed near normal return of abnormal radionuclide accumulations in the affected hand. TPBS is an useful test for the diagnosis of as well as the evaluation of the therapeutic effects of RSDS.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.585-591
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• 2014

The ${\beta}_2$ adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) is a G protein-coupled transmembrane receptor expressed in the human respiratory tract and widely recognized as a pharmacological target for treatments of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). Although a number of ADRB2 agonists have been developed for use in asthma therapy, indacaterol is the only ultra-long-acting inhaled ${\beta}_2$-agonist (LABA) approved by the FDA for relieving the symptoms in COPD patients. The precise molecular mechanism underlying the pharmacological effect of indacaterol, however, remains unclear. Here, we show that ${\beta}$-arrestin-2 mediates the internalization of ADRB2 following indacaterol treatment. Moreover, we demonstrate that indacaterol significantly inhibits tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activity by reducing levels of both phosphorylated-IKK and -$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, thereby decreasing NF-${\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation and the expression of MMP-9, an NF-${\kappa}B$ target gene. Subsequently, we show that indacaterol significantly inhibits TNF-${\alpha}$/NF-${\kappa}B$-induced cell invasiveness and migration in a human cancer cell line. In conclusion, we propose that indacaterol may inhibit NF-${\kappa}B$ activity in a ${\beta}$-arrestin2-dependent manner, preventing further lung damage and improving lung function in COPD patients.