• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.115-124
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to propose a theoretical model of hope commonly held by the cancer patients just after surgery, under the assumptions that hope of those patients is not only realistic and disease oriented but in dialectical circulation. Method: A theoretical model was generated through 4 steps: exploring a hope structure by synthesizing the relevant hope structures expressed in Kim and Tae's studies, in-depth literature review, examining the meanings of the concepts consisted of the structure in use and their causal relations in logical adequacy, proposing a theoretical structure through synthesizing the causal relations, and diagramming the structure. Results: The proposed theoretical model involves concepts such as Cancer Related Uncertainty (CRU), Efforts to Find out the Possibility of Cure or Recovery (EFPCR), and Hopefulness or Hopelessness. The 'EFPCR' is stipulated as 'Behaviors Related to Looking for Evidences or Cues (BRLEC)' and 'Formation of Cognitive Schema (FCS)'. In the model, Hopefulness is directly influenced by 'CRU in low', which is affected by 'FCS in good' from the result of EFPCR started with 'CRU in increase' while 'CRU with increase' from the result from EFPCR has direct effect on Hopelessness. Conclusion: The theoretical model would be used to enhancing hope of the cancer patients in post-operation.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.194-200
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate chronological change of quality of life after surgery in patients with gastric cancer during one year postoperatively. Materials and Methods: Quality of life data were obtained from 272 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative gastrectomy between September 2008 and February 2011 at the Kyungpook National University Hospital. The Korean versions of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Core (QLQ) 30 with gastric cancer-specific module, the EORTC QLQ-STO22 were used to assess quality of life. All patients had no evidence of recurrence or metastasis during the first postoperative year. Patients were asked to complete the questionnaire, by themselves preoperatively, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months postoperatively. Results: Physical functioning score and role functioning score significantly decreased at first 3 months after surgery and the significant differences were noticed until 12 months after surgery. Emotional functioning score started with the lowest score before surgery and significant improvement was shown 6 months after surgery. Most symptom scores and STO-22 scores were highest at 3 months after surgery and gradually decreased, thereafter. Eating restriction, anxiety, taste, body image scores was highest at 3 months after surgery without significant decrease afterwards. Conclusions: Most scales worsened after surgery and gradually recovered afterwards with some differences in rate of recovery. However the scales did not fully recover by 1 year period. Further follow-up after 1 year would be helpful in determining which scales are permanently damaged and which are just taking longer time to recover.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.2 s.32
• /
• pp.100-116
• /
• 1996

Gastric cancer shows the most high friquency in cancers that occurs in Korea. The western medicine treatment for gastric cancer has radiation and surgery, chemical treatment. While, oriental medicine cures the gastric cancer by herb-drugs, acupunture , moxa and srigma. With just one way of treating gastric cancer can't be effective remedy. Because each medicine has a strength and weakness. Thus, it is effective treatment when two medicine combins and supplement each other. We got the following result about a trend of oriental and westernal combination treatment for gastric cancer through studing records. 1. The western medicine treats gastric cancer patient with surgery first and right after surgery. They need on assembly treatent such as chemical and immune treatment. In oriental medicine, they treats gastric cancer patients with differentiation of symptone and signs and treatment(辨證施治)[for example:incoordination between liver and stomach(肝胃不和), insufficiency of spleen and stomach(脾胃虛弱), stagnation of blood stasis and toxic agent(瘀毒內阻), deficiency of yin by stomach heat(胃熱傷陰), reinforcing both qi and blood(氣血雙虧), stagnation of damp-phlegm(痰濕凝結)] and cure for them by acupuncture and stigma, too. 2. In combination with oriental and western medical treatment principle of gastric cancer by each stage is as follows. First stage and second stage gastric cancer is cured with radical surgery mainly. After operation, the herb of invigoration of the spleen(健脾), coordination of the stomach(和胃), and smoothing the liver and regurating the circulation of qi(疏肝理氣), is used for good gastroenteric condition. The second stage patients can be concidered using in combination with chimical treatment. The third stage gastric cancer is treated with radical surgery or with temporizing surgery. After those surgery, herb-drugs treatment is used jointly. The fourth stage patients who have no extensively metastasis or local contraindication can undergo temporizing and curcuit surgical operation. Herb-drugs and chemical treatments are used together for patients after operating. If he has operating contraindication, he would be treated with herb-drugs and chemical treatment. 3. In case of using in combination with oriental and western medical treatment as follows. As for herb-drugs with chemical treatment, reinforcing both qi and blood(補益氣血), invigorate the spleen and the stomach(健脾和胃), reinforcing liver and kidney(滋補脾腎), clear out the heat and relieve the toxic agent(淸熱解毒), can be used and with radiation treatment, clear out the heat and relieve the toxic agent(淸熱解毒), promoting the production body fluid and moisturizing the vicera(生津潤燥), reinforcing both qi and blood(補益氣血), invigorate the spleen and the stomach (健脾和胃), reinforcing liver and kidney(滋補肝腎) etc, can be used. 4. According to the research of oriental and western medical combination treatment are the 5-year-survival degree with oriental and western medicine combination treatment was for better than that just with oriental or western medical treatment. Especially, it has good effect on the third, fourth stage gastric cancer. That is, the middle and the end of stage gastric cancer. 5. The merits of oriental and western medicine combination treatment are lengthers one's life and diminish the bad effect of chemical treatment and radiation treatment be near completion, prevent from relapsing, maintain the balance in their eveirenment of body and improve immunity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.22
• /
• pp.9713-9717
• /
• 2014

Background: Colon cancer (CRC) is perhaps the second most common cause of cancer mortality. This study determined the clinical significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and serum complement 3a (C3a) levels in patients with CRC in Fars province, southern Iran. Materials and Methods: Between June 2010 and June 2012, 110 patients with CRC of both genders and different age groups were divided into 3 groups. Group A included patients who had just undergone surgery; Group B had undergone chemotherapy after surgery; and Group C had undergone chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgery. Twenty one healthy subjects with normal colonoscopy were considered as a control group. ELISA was undertaken to determine VEGF and C3a levels before and after treatment measures. Results: The mean age of patients was $53.9{\pm}14.1$ years. Considering VEGF level, a significant decrease was visible after treatment measures in groups A and B, but not Group C. For VEGF level, the difference was not statistically significant between two genders and various age groups before and after treatment. No significant difference was found for VEGF level between patients and normal group before any treatment. Regarding C3a levels in 101 subjects, they significantly decreased after treatment measures. Before and after treatment, the difference was statistically significant between two genders, but was not statistically significant among various age groups. Conclusions: As VEGF and C3a levels were significantly lower in patients after treatment, these may be beneficial markers in assessment of CRC therapy especially in early stages.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 1999

Large bowel cancer shows the 4-5th frequency in cancers that occurs in Korea. The western medicine cures the Large bowel cancer by radiation, surgery and chemotherapy. While, Oriental medicine cures the Large bowel cancer by Herb-drugs, acupuncture, moxa and et al. With just one way of treating Large bowel cancer can't be effective remedy. Because each medicine has a strength and weakness, it is effective treatment when two medicine combines and supplement each other. We got the following result about a trend of oriental and western combination treatment for Large bowel cancer through studding records. 1. In Large bowel cancer, colon cancer is referred hematochezia(腸風下血), rectal cancer is refereed enterotoxin(腸毒), and anal cancer is accumulation of pathogens in yin(結陰). 2. The western medicine treats Large bowel cancer patient with surgery first. They need on assembly treatment such as chemical, radiation and immune treatment. In oriental medicine, they treats Large bowel cancer patients with differentiation of symptom and signs and treatment(辨證施治) for example, insufficiency of spleen and stomach(脾胃虛弱), collapse of the spleen-ql(脾氣下陷), stagnation of blood stasis and toxic agent(瘀毒內結), reinforcing both qi and blood(脾血下陷), stagnation of damp-phlegm(痰濕凝結) and cure for them by acupuncture and moxa too. 3. In combination with oriental and western medical treatment princple of Large bowel cancer by each stage is as follows. First stage is cured with radical surgery and herb-drugs without chemotherapy. The intermediate and terminal stage patients is used radiation before surgery, or after palliative surgery cour with chemotherapy, radiation and Herb-drugs. In terminal stage patients, unable for surgery, is used combination between chemotherapy, palliative radiation and Herb-drugs. 4. After radiation surgery, the terminal stage patients who have extensively lymph node metastasis or local contraindication is able to undergo combination of Herb-durgs and chemotherapy. 5. The cure-effect with oriental and western medicine combination treatment was better than that just with oriental or western medical treatment. 6. The merits of oriental and western medicine combination treatment lengthen one's life and diminish the bad effect of chemotherapy and complete radiation treatment, prevent from relapsing, maintain the balance in their environment of body and improve immunity.

• Journal of Breast Cancer
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.442-446
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The definition of nodal pathologic complete response (pCR) after a neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) just included the evaluation of axillary lymph node (ALN) without internal mammary lymph node. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of internal mammary-sentinel lymph node biopsy (IM-SLNB) in patients with breast cancer who underwent NAC. Methods: From November 2011 to 2017, 179 patients with primary breast cancer who underwent operation after NAC were included in this study. All patients received radiotracer injection with modified injection technology. IM-SLNB would be performed on patients with internal mammary sentinel lymph node (IMSLN) visualization. Results: Among the 158 patients with cN+ disease, the rate of nodal pCR was 36.1% (57/158). Among the 179 patients, the visualization rate of IMSLN was 31.8% (57/179) and was 12.3% (7/57) and 87.7% (50/57) among those with $cN_0$ and cN+ disease, respectively. Furthermore, the detection rate of IMSLN was 31.3% (56/179). The success rate of IM-SLNB was 98.2% (56/57). The IMSLN metastasis rate was 7.1% (4/56), and all of them were accompanied by ALN metastasis. The number of positive ALNs in patients with IMSLN metastasis was 3, 6, 8, and 9. The pathology nodal stage had been changed from $pN_1/pN_2$ to $pN_{3b}$. The pathology stage had been changed from IIA/IIIA to IIIC. Conclusion: Patients with visualization of IMSLN should perform IM-SLNB after NAC, especially for patients with cN+ disease, in order to complete lymph nodal staging. IM-SLNB could further improve the definition of nodal pCR and guide the internal mammary node irradiation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.39
• /
• pp.13.1-13.8
• /
• 2017

Background: Oronasal/antral communication, loss of teeth and/or tooth-supporting bone, and facial contour deformity may occur as a consequence of maxillectomy for cancer. As a result, speaking, chewing, swallowing, and appearance are variably affected. The restoration is focused on rebuilding the oronasal wall, using either flaps (local or free) for primary closure, either prosthetic obturator. Postoperative radiotherapy surely postpones every dental procedure aimed to set fixed devices, often makes it difficult and risky, even unfeasible. Regular prosthesis, tooth-bearing obturator, and endosseous implants (in native and/or transplanted bone) are used in order to complete dental rehabilitation. Zygomatic implantology (ZI) is a valid, usually delayed, multi-staged procedure, either after having primarily closed the oronasal/antral communication or after left it untreated or amended with obturator. The present paper is an early report of a relatively new, one-stage approach for rehabilitation of patients after tumour resection, with palatal repair with loco-regional flaps and zygomatic implant insertion: supposed advantages are concentration of surgical procedures, reduced time of rehabilitation, and lowered patient discomfort. Cases presentation: We report three patients who underwent alveolo-maxillary resection for cancer and had the resulting oroantral communication directly closed with loco-regional flaps. Simultaneous zygomatic implant insertion was added, in view of granting the optimal dental rehabilitation. Conclusions: All surgical procedures were successful in terms of oroantral separation and implant survival. One patient had the fixed dental restoration just after 3 months, and the others had to receive postoperative radiotherapy; thus, rehabilitation timing was longer, as expected. We think this approach could improve the outcome in selected patients.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2002.05b
• /
• pp.77-95
• /
• 2002

During the last several decades, prognosis of differentiated thvroid cancers improved markedly, mainly due to refinement of surgical techniques and routine use of radioactive iodine. Total or neat-total thyroidectomy is to be performed as the first line of treatment. Routine remnant ablation just after surgery decreases recurrence and increases survival. After then patients are maintained on suppressive dose of thyroid hormone to keep endogenous TSH below normal. Regular follow-up of the patients with serum thyroglobulin measurement and iodine whole body scan after thyroid hormone withdrawal or under recombinant human thyrotropin stimulation select high risk patients with recurrence or metastatic disease and treatment with therapeutic dose of radioactive iodine prolongs survival and sometimes leads cure. Currently recommended diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, present controversies and future directions are discussed.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.225-229
• /
• 2004

Purpose: Some patients develop gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after a gastrectomy for stomach cancer. Therefore, we conducted this research to gain an understanding of esophageal acidity and motility change. Materials and Methods: From July 2002 to March 2004, the cases of 15 randomized patients with stomach cancer who underwent a radical subtotal gastrectomy (RSG) with Billroth I(B-I) reconstruction (n=12) or a radical total gastrectomy (RTG) with Roux-en-Y (R-Y) gastroenterostomy (n=3) were analyzed. We investigated the clinical values of the ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring and esophageal manometry in these patients, just before discharge from the hospital after an operation. Results: GERD was present in three patients ($20\%$). Compared with two reconstructive procedures, 3 of the 12 patients in the RSG with B-I group had GERD; however, none of RTG with R-Y group had GERD. Compared with pathologic stage, 2 of 9 patients in stage I, 1 of 2 patients in stage II, none of 3 patients in stage III, and none of 1 patient in stage IV had GERD. Esophageal manometry was performed in 10 patients. Nonspecific esophageal motility disorder (NEMD) was present in 7 patients. Conclusion: Some patients had GERD as a complication following a gastrectomy for stomach cancer. We suspect that the postoperative esophageal symptom is due to not only bile reflux but also gastroesophageal acid reflux. Therefore, careful observation is recommended for the detection of GERD.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.220-227
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Precise localization of tumors and creation of sufficient proximal resection margins are complicated processes during total laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) for clinical T1/T2 gastric cancers. Various solutions to this problem have also yielded many disadvantages. In this study, we reviewed a preoperative endoscopic clipping method based on the results of negative biopsy and selective intraoperative radiography. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 345 consecutive patients who underwent TLDG and preoperative endoscopic clipping for tumor localization was conducted. During preoperative endoscopy, the endoscopists performed negative biopsies just 1-2 cm selectively above the tumor's upper limit. After confirming the biopsy results, endoscopic metal clips were applied just proximal to the negative biopsy site the day before surgery. Selective intraoperative tumor localization using portable abdominal radiography was performed only when we could not ensure a precise resection line. Results: Negative biopsy was performed in 244 patients. Larger tumor size (P=0.008) and more distally located tumors (P=0.052) were observed more frequently in the negative biopsy group than in the non-negative biopsy group. The non-negative biopsy group had significantly higher frequencies of differentiated tumor types than the negative biopsy group (P=0.003). Of the 244 patients who underwent negative biopsies, 6 had cancer cells in their biopsy specimens. We performed intraoperative radiography in 12 patients whose tumors had difficult-to-determine proximal margins. No tumors were found in the proximal resection margins of any patients. Conclusions: Our tumor localization method is a promising and accurate method for securing a sufficient resection margin during TLDG.