• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6501-6505
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• 2013

To obtain a screening and early detection reference for individuals who have a family history of cancer on the paternal side, we collected and analyzed data from 240 pairs in which both fathers and their children were diagnosed with cancer. Disease categories of fathers and sons were similar to that of the general population of China, whereas daughters were different from general female population with high incidence of breast cancer and gynecological cancer. Sons were more likely than daughters to have the same type of cancer, or to have cancer in the same organ system as their fathers (P < 0.0001). Sons and daughters developed malignant diseases 11 and 16 years earlier than their fathers, respectively (P < 0.0001 for both sons and daughters). Daughters developed malignant diseases 5 years earlier than sons (P < 0.0001). Men with a family history of malignant tumors on the paternal side should be screened for malignancies from the age of 45 years, or 11 years earlier than the age of their fathers' diagnosis, and women should be screened from the age of 40 years, or 16 years earlier than the age at which their fathers were diagnosed with cancer. Lung cancer should be investigated in both men and women, whilst screening should focus on cancer of the digestive system in men and on breast and gynecological cancer (ovary, uterine and cervical cancer) in women.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3187-3190
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• 2013

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor which contributes to many processes involved in cell survival, proliferation and inhibits apoptosis, that may lead to cancer development. Gastric cancer is one of the most common diseases of digestive system that has low 5-year-survival. The aim of this research was to determine the significance of EGFR tyrosine kinase domain gene polymorphisms in gastric cancer in Iran. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 83 patients with gastric cancer and 40 normal subjects were investigated for EGFR gene polymorphisms in exons 18-21 by PCR-SSCP. Then, DNA sequencing was conducted for different mobility shift bands. Finally the data were statistically analyzed using the chi-2 test and the SPSSver.16 program. Results: Exon 18 of EGFR gene showed three different bands in SSCP pattern and DNA sequencing displayed one mutation. SSCP pattern of Exons 19 and 21 did not show different migration bands. Exon 20 of EGFR gene revealed multiple migrate bands in SSCP pattern. DNA sequencing displayed 2 mutations in this exon: one mutation was caused amino acid change and another mutation was silent. Conclusion: It may be that EGFR tyrosine kinase gene polymorphisms differ between populations and screening could be useful in gastric cancer patients who might benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2016

The barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) staging systemis regarded as the optimal staging system to predict prognosis and guide treatmentfor hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) .According to the BCLC classification, only patients with BCLC A stage should undergo liver resection. In contrast, patients with intermediate-advanced HCC should be scheduled for palliative therapies,such as transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and target therapy, even if the lesion is resectable. More and more studies report good short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with intermediate-advanced HCC treated by radical resection and many patients benefited from curative resection. The aim of this review was to evaluate the role of surgery beyond the BCLC recommendations. A revision of the BCLC algorithm should be proposed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8279-8285
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• 2014

A meta-analysis incorporating 34 case-control studies from 19 articles involving 12,197 cases and 13,488 controls was conducted to assess the effects of three genetic variants of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9): rs187084, rs352140, and rs5743836. Studies on associations between TLR9 polymorphisms and cancer risk were systematically searched in electronic databases. The reported odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled to assess the strength of any associations. The results showed that the rs187084 polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of cancer (CC vs TC+TT: OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.02-1.28), specifically cervical cancer (C vs T: OR=1.19, 95% CI=1.05-1.34; TC vs TT: OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.10-1.58; CC vs TT: OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.03-1.68; CC+TC vs TT: OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.11-1.56), and that this association was significantly positive in Caucasians (CC vs. TC+TT: OR=1.18, 95% CI=1.01-1.38). The rs352140 polymorphism had a protective effect on breast cancer (GA vs GG: OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.66-0.89), whereas the rs5743836 polymorphism was likely protective for digestive system cancers (CC+TC vs TT: OR=0.81, 95% CI=0.66-0.98). In conclusion, our results suggest that the rs187084 polymorphism may be associated with an elevated cancer risk, whereas polymorphisms of rs352140 and rs5743836 may play protective roles in the development of breast and digestive system cancers, respectively. From the results of this meta-analysis further large-scale case-control studies are warranted to verify associations between TLR9 polymorphisms and cancer.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 2014

Competency for practicing gastroenterology in the United States requires accredited training in Internal Medicine, followed by accredited training in gastroenterology and hepatology. The structured training encompasses a 3-year period after graduation with a medical degree for internal medicine, followed by a 3-year period for gastroenterology and hepatology. Within the gastroenterology training period, competency in oncology knowledge and procedural approaches to luminal and solid gastrointestinal organ cancers is required, whereas knowledge competency but not procedural competency is required in areas of advanced endoscopic procedures for cancer care. Only general knowledge, but not competency, is required for areas such as chemotherapy, which can be obtained with further optional training in a structured 2-year oncology fellowship program. Although there is no standardization to date for including full oncology training within a gastroenterology training program in the United States, there is great interest from gastroenterology professional societies to include a pathway for trainees within the gastroenterology training program.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.4067-4070
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• 2014

Background: The Chinese Hui ethnic group has diverse origins, including Arab, Persian, Central Asian, and Mongol. The standardized mortality rate of gastric cancer in the Hui population is higher than the overall Chinese population. In this study, we investigated whether COX-2-765G>C polymorphism, an extensively studied polymorphism, contributes to gastric cancer and its precursor lesions (GPL) in the Chinese Hui ethnic group. Materials and Methods: COX-2-765G>C polymorphism was determined by pyrosequencing in 100 gastric cancer cases, 102 gastric cancerand its precursor lesions cases and 105 controls. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression models. Results: Among the Chinese Hui ethnic group COX-2-765 C allele carriers were at increased risk for gastric cancer (OR=1.977, 95%CI=1.104-3.541). We also found an interaction between COX-2 -765 C carriers and Helicobacter pylori infection and eating pickled vegetables. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a multi-step process of gene-environment interaction contributes to gastric carcinogenesis.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.28-31
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• 2017

The number of laparosocpic liver resection performed every years has been increasing. There is a trend than more major hepatectomy and complex liver resection is being reported. However there has been a major obstacles in many centers because open liver resection is still considered as a gold standard and many surgeons are still getting used to the old method of liver resection. To start a new procedure, education and training is essential in order to achieve a good outcome without compromising the safety of the patients. A gradual progression is crucial in order to avoid dreadful complication. The development of the consensus meeting and difficulty score has facility the understanding of safe practice in the development of laparoscopic liver resection. In a long run, development of registry system will improve transparency and safety of this operation.

• Journal of Digital Policy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2023

This study was conducted to examine the effect of Broccoli Extract on the proliferation inhibition of human-derived cancer cells and the degree of inhibition. The three cell lines used in the experiment were respiratory system lung cancer cells A549, digestive system liver cancer cells SNU-182 and biliary tract cancer SNU-1196. All cancer cells were derived from the human body, and the CCK-8 method was used to measure the degree of inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. As a result of examining the effect on Broccoli Extract 10ug/mL, 100ug/mL, 1000ug/mL, Broccoli Extract inhibited proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner in most cancer cells, In particular, lung cancer cell A549 and liver cancer cell SNU-182 showed significant proliferation inhibition at 1000ug/mL.As a result, it can be seen that broccoli extract provides potential as a cancer preventive and therapeutic agent for tumor suppression mechanisms proven through cell experiments.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3163-3168
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• 2013

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays a central role in folate metabolism. This study with 381 esophageal cancer patients and 432 healthy controls was conducted to examine the association of MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms with susceptibility to esophageal cancer (EC) in a Chinese population. Compared with the CC genotype of MTHFR C677T, subjects carrying homozygote TT and variant genotypes (CT+TT) demonstrated reduced risk of EC with adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 0.44 (0.28-0.71) and 0.57 (0.37-0.88), respectively. However, no association was found between the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and the risk of EC. Comparing to haplotype CA, haplotypes TA and TC could reduce the susceptibility to EC with adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 0.61(0.47-0.79) and 0.06 (0.01-0.43), respectively. In conclusion, the present study suggested that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism can markedly influence the risk of EC in Chinese.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5217-5221
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• 2016

Objective: A study of primary cancer morbidity among children and subsequent calculation of average annual incidence were carried out for boys and girls, and young men and women in Kazakhstan. Methods: The investigated population lived in three areas of the Aral Sea region: designated catastrophe (Aral, Kazalt, Shalkar regions), crisis (Zhalagash, Karmakshy, Shiely regions), pre-crisis (Irgiz, Arys, Ulytau regions). Zhanaarka region of Karaganda oblast was applied as a control. Parameters were retrospective analyzed for the 10 years from 2004 to 2013. Result: The results indicate that indices of children cancer morbidity were slightly higher in the Aral Sea region than in the control district, but they were comparable with similar data from studies in other regions. In all areas of the Aral Sea region, except for Ulytau, primary cancer morbidity exceeded the control level by 1.3-2.7 times (4.7%000). Hematological malignancies, including solid tumors - tumors of musculoskeletal system and skin, digestive system, brain and central nervous system predominated. Stress levels in zones of the Aral Sea region were slightly higher in the crisis zone than in the catastrophe zone that can be explained by the phenomenon of wave-like dynamics of disease growth risk. Gender differences in characteristics of malignancy formation were not more pronounced in the studied region. Conclusion: Indices of children cancer are slightly higher in the Aral Sea region than in the control area of Kazakhstan, but they are comparable to results for other regions.