• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2017

The aim is to investigate the spectra responsibilities of QD (Quantum Dot) for the innovation of new dosimetry application for therapeutic Megavoltage X-ray range. The unique electrical and optical properties of QD are expected to make it a good sensing material for dosimeter. This study shows the spectra responsibility of toluene based ZnCd QD and PPO (2.5-diphenyloxazol) mixed liquid scintillator. The QDs of 4 sizes corresponding to an emission wavelength (ZnCdSe/ZnS:$440{\pm}5nm$, ZnCdSeS:470, 500, $570{\pm}5nm$) were utilized. A liquid scintillator for control sample was made of toluene, PPO. The Composition of QD loaded scintillators are about 99 wt% Toluene as solvent, 1 wt% of PPO as primary scintillator and 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 wt% of QDs as solute. For the spectra responsibility of QD scintillation, they were irradiated for 30 second with 6 MV beam from a LINAC ($Infinity^{TM}$, Elekta). With the guidance of 1.0 mm core diameter optical fiber, scintillation spectrums were measured by a compact CCD spectrometer which could measure 200~1,000 nm wavelength range (CCS200, Thorlabs). We measured the spectra responsibilities of QD loaded organic liquid scintillators in two scintillation mechanisms. First was the direct transfer and second was using wave shifter. The emission peaks from the direct transfer were measured to be much smaller luminescent intensity than based on the wavelength shift from the PPO to QDs. The emission peak was shifted from PPO emission wavelength 380 nm to each emission wavelength of loaded QD. In both mechanisms, 500 nm QD loaded samples were observed to radiate in the highest luminescence intensity. We observed the spectra responsibility of QD doped toluene based liquid scintillator in order to innovate QD dosimetry applicator. The liquid scintillator loading 0.2 wt% of 500 nm emission wavelength QD has most superior responsibility at 6 MV photon beam. In this study we observed the spectra responsibilities for therapeutic X-ray range. It would be the first step of innovating new radiation dosimetric methods for radiation treatment.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2009

This study was performed to observe the effect of Keughachukeo-tang(KH) extract on the hepatocellular carcinogenesis and acute liver damage induced by Diethylnitrosamine(DENA) and $CCl_4$ in Rats. Experimental groups were divided into four; normal group(Nor), acute liver damage and hepatocellular cancer inducing control group(Con), KH extract 350㎎/㎏/day(KHA), and 700㎎/㎏/day(KHB) administered groups to Con. The results obtained are as follows: The body weight increased in KHA and KHB than Con from 7th week to the 8th week. The activities of Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) were the most increased in the Con among experimental group. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), and lactacte dehydrogenase(LDH) were significantly decreased(p$<$0.05) in the KHA and KHB compared with Con. Alpha fetoprotein(AFP) were the most increased in the Con among experimental groups. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were the most increased in the Con among experimental groups. The activities of catalase were significantly increased(p$<$0.05) in the KHA and KHB compared with Con. The results of light microscopical observation, a number of hepatocytes were damaged in the Con compared with Nor and KH extract administerd groups. The number of hepatic p53 positive cells was reduced in the KH extract administered groups compared with Con. These results suggest that administration of KH extract suppress or retard on the Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis and acute liver damage induced by DENA and $CCl_4$ in Rats.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권12호
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• pp.472-477
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• 2015

Purpose: Adherence to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is a critical determinant of asthma control. The objective of this study was to assess factors that determine adherence to ICS therapy in children with asthma. Methods: Fifty-eight children with asthma, aged 5 to 16 years, used ICS with or without a spacer for 3 months. Adherence rates as measured from questionnaires and canisters, asthma symptom scores, and inhalation technique scores were assessed every 30 days. The degree of supervision by caregivers was assessed at day 30. Results: Adherence rates measured using canisters were lower at day 60 than at day 30 (P=0.044) and did not change thereafter ($74.4%{\pm}17.4%$ at day 30, $66.5%{\pm}18.4%$ at day 60, and $67.4%{\pm}22.2%$ at day 90). Adherence rates at days 60 and 90 and during the total study period were significantly different when measured by using questionnaires versus canisters (P<0.001, P=0.022, and P =0.001, respectively). In the comparison of adherence rates repeatedly measured at days 30, 60, and 90 and adherence rates during the total study period among the 3 groups, adherence rates in the high-degree supervision group were significantly higher than those in the low-degree supervision group ($82.0{\pm}16.0$ vs. $66.1{\pm}14.5$, $75.4{\pm}14.4$ vs. $56.2{\pm}18.4$, $75.0{\pm}18.3$ vs. $55.0{\pm}19.7$ [P=0.027]; $77.9{\pm}12.2$ vs. $59.1{\pm}11.4$ [P=0.021]) after adjustment for sex and age. Conclusion: The level of caregiver supervision is an important factor affecting adherence to ICS therapy in children with asthma. Therefore, a high degree of supervision may be required to increase adherence to ICS therapy in children with asthma.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2016

Background: Prevalence of adenoma in males aged 40-49 years in Korea was higher than expected. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of colorectal adenoma in males aged 40-49 years. Methods: Total 1,902 asymptomatic subjects with a mean age of $47.9{\pm}6.7years$, who underwent a screening colonoscopy in a health promotion center of Myongji Hospital from 2010 to 2013 were enrolled in this study. We conducted a case-control study to determine the risk factors for adenoma. The subjects were classified into two groups (adenoma vs. controls). To validate the diagnostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for adenoma, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated. Results: At least one colorectal adenoma was identified in 385 subjects (20.2%). Among these 385 subjects, 372 subjects were found to have a non-advanced adenoma, 13 subjects had an invasive adenoma. One subject had cancer. Male sex, age, smoking, metabolic syndrome, and elevated CEA level were significantly associated with a colorectal adenoma in univariate analysis. However, metabolic syndrome was not significant in multivariate analysis. In the male group, the AUROC of CEA for colorectal adenoma was 0.600 (0.543 to 0.656) in non-smokers under 50 years of age, and 0.615 (0.540 to 0.690) in smokers under 50 years of age. Conclusion: Male sex, smoking, and high levels of CEA seem to be associated with colorectal adenoma. High levels of CEA and smoking may be diagnostic markers for any colorectal adenoma in Korean males aged 40-49 years.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2009

Curcumin is a major active component of the food flovour tumeric. It has been used for the treatment of many diseases such as inflammatory and infectious diseases, cancer and other disease due to its antioxidant properties. Curcumin is a powerful scavenger of many free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide. The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidative effects of curcumin against hydrogen peroxide on semen quality during in vitro storage of boar semen. The sperm treated with different concentration of curcumin (1, 5 and 10 ${\mu}M$) in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide (250 ${\mu}M\;H_2O_2$) were incubated for 3, 6 and 9 hr at $37^{\circ}C$ and analyzed sperm characteristics such as motility, membrane integrity (MI), lipid peroxidation (LPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA fragmentation (DF). The sperm motility and MI in $H_2O_2$ treated group ($47.8%{\pm}6.8$ and $24.8%{\pm}2.2$) were significantly decreased when compare to curcumin treated group ($79.8%{\pm}2.7$ and $34.6%{\pm}1.0$, respectively) irrespective of incubation periods(p<0.05). The LPO of spermatozoal plasma membrane was measured by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactions for malondialdehyde (MDA), MDA level in control ($11.6{\pm}0.6\;nmol/L{\times}10^6$) and curcumin groups ($10.7{\pm}0.3\;nmol/L{\times}10^6$) were lower than those of curcumin plus $H_2O_2$ ($17.1{\pm}0.8\;nmol/L{\times}10^6$) or $H_2O_2$ group ($22.5{\pm}1.9\;nmol/L{\times}10^6$) from 3 to 9 hr incubation periods. The DF by sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test and ROS production measured by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence intensity were no significantly difference through all experimental groups (p>0.05). Correlation among evaluation methods for sperm quality, motility vs MI and DF vs ROS was positively correlated while motility vs DF and ROS vs LPO were negatively correlated in all treatment groups. These results demonstrate that curcumin can effectively improve the sperm quality during in vitro storage of boar semen through its hydrogen peroxide scavenging mechanism as an antioxidant.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.107-107
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• 2000

1. Ounyukki(五運六氣) theory was first developed from observation of astronomical phenomena. Natural phenomena were explained and incorporated into the concepts of Yukki(六氣), and Ohaeng(五行, the concept that all matter in the world are comprised of five fundamental elements), during Chon-guk(戰國) and Han(漢) periods. In that period. Kanji(干支, the method to present time with ten and twelve different kinds of symbol's combinations) was used to record Ounyukki(五運六氣). Theoretical study of Un-gi(運氣, the abbreviation of Ounyukki) was almost completed in Un-gichilpyon(運氣七篇) of Naekyong(內經). Un-gi(運氣) theory was further studied and considered to be very important socially, as well as medically, in Tang(唐), Song(宋), Kum(金), and Won(元) periods. Hagan(河間) published various studies based on Un-gi(運氣) theory in Kum won(金元) periods. 2. Hagan(河間) realized the limitation of a remedy method, of Sanghan(傷寒) theory. Therefore, he made an assumption that the prevalence of diseases in his period are closely related to Hwayol(火熱, a fire and a super-heat; two things out of Yukki(六氣)). His new theory was a result of the study on Kyongjon(經典, bibles of the oriental medicine) and the phenomena of nature. 3. Hagan(河間) used a combination of two basic theories of Pimuripsang(比物立象) and Hanhaesungjeron(亢害承制論) to make understood Hwayol(火熱) theory, Pimuripsang(比物立象) theory explains a method to appreciate the essence of things by comparing Sang(象, an expression of how something appears on the outside) and then making another Sang(象) from the comparison. Hanhaesungjeron(亢害承制論) is a theory to emphasize the importance of a balance of Yukki(六氣). It is that, if one of the elements is exceeded, other thing in the other five elements dominate the exceeded thing to control it for the balance between Yukki(六氣). In addition, he articulated P'yobon(標本. inside and outside of a thing) theory to differentiate the disease symptoms. These theories will help to distinguish real and fake symptoms of diseases, on which Hagan(河間) emphasized its importance. 4. Hagan(河間) published a new theory to explain Ounyukki(五運六氣) theory based on the observation of the nature and the experience from medical practice. And he added Chobyonggi(燥病機, course and rule causing disease in dry conditions) to Pyonggishipkujo(病機十九條, nineteen course and rule causing disease), it strengthened Pyonggi(病機, course and rule causing disease) theories. Moreover. he utilized Un-gi (運氣) theory in a real life situation by applying Un-giron(運氣論) to diagnosis like Maekchin(脈診, a method to diagnose by taking the pulse) and to prescription. 5. Modern society is an era in which it is hard to appreciate the principles of the changes due to the various unusual weather. Therefore, it is necessary to make a new paradigm using Un-gi(運氣) theory, like Hagan(河間) did in Kumwon(金元) period. 6. Unusual weather changes and the geriatric diseases such as cancer and diabetes, may have Sang(象) of Hwayol(火熱) theory at the other side. These diseases have been and will create more serious problems in modern society. As a method to solve these problems. it seems to be very important to understand and apply Hagan's(河間) Hawyol(火熱) theory to modern society.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.108-145
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• 2000

1. Ounyukki(五運六氣) theory was first developed from observation of astronomical phenomena. Natural phenomena were explained and incorporated into the concepts of Yukki(六氣), and Ohaeng(五行, the concept that all matter in the world are comprised of five fundamental elements), during Chon-guk(戰國) and Han(漢) periods. In that period. Kanji(干支, the method to present time with ten and twelve different kinds of symbol's combinations) was used to record Ounyukki(五運六氣). Theoretical study of Un-gi(運氣, the abbreviation of Ounyukki) was almost completed in Un-gichilpyon(運氣七篇) of Naekyong(內經). Un-gi(運氣) theory was further studied and considered to be very important socially, as well as medically, in Tang(唐), Song(宋), Kum(金), and Won(元) periods. Hagan(河間) published various studies based on Un-gi(運氣) theory in Kum won(金元) periods. 2. Hagan(河間) realized the limitation of a remedy method, of Sanghan(傷寒) theory. Therefore, he made an assumption that the prevalence of diseases in his period are closely related to Hwayol(火熱, a fire and a super-heat; two things out of Yukki(六氣)). His new theory was a result of the study on Kyongjon(經典, bibles of the oriental medicine) and the phenomena of nature. 3. Hagan(河間) used a combination of two basic theories of Pimuripsang(比物立象) and Hanhaesungjeron(亢害承制論) to make understood Hwayol(火熱) theory, Pimuripsang(比物立象) theory explains a method to appreciate the essence of things by comparing Sang(象, an expression of how something appears on the outside) and then making another Sang(象) from the comparison. Hanhaesungjeron(亢害承制論) is a theory to emphasize the importance of a balance of Yukki(六氣). It is that, if one of the elements is exceeded, other thing in the other five elements dominate the exceeded thing to control it for the balance between Yukki(六氣). In addition, he articulated P'yobon(標本. inside and outside of a thing) theory to differentiate the disease symptoms. These theories will help to distinguish real and fake symptoms of diseases, on which Hagan(河間) emphasized its importance. 4. Hagan(河間) published a new theory to explain Ounyukki(五運六氣) theory based on the observation of the nature and the experience from medical practice. And he added Chobyonggi(燥病機, course and rule causing disease in dry conditions) to Pyonggishipkujo(病機十九條, nineteen course and rule causing disease), it strengthened Pyonggi(病機, course and rule causing disease) theories. Moreover. he utilized Un-gi (運氣) theory in a real life situation by applying Un-giron(運氣論) to diagnosis like Maekchin(脈診, a method to diagnose by taking the pulse) and to prescription. 5. Modern society is an era in which it is hard to appreciate the principles of the changes due to the various unusual weather. Therefore, it is necessary to make a new paradigm using Un-gi(運氣) theory, like Hagan(河間) did in Kumwon(金元) period. 6. Unusual weather changes and the geriatric diseases such as cancer and diabetes, may have Sang(象) of Hwayol(火熱) theory at the other side. These diseases have been and will create more serious problems in modern society. As a method to solve these problems. it seems to be very important to understand and apply Hagan's(河間) Hawyol(火熱) theory to modern society.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2011

홍삼은 우리나라에서 오랜 역사동안 여러 질병을 치료하는데 사용되었다. 본 연구에서는 홍삼 에탄올 추출물에 감마선을 1~5kGy 범위에서 조사를 하는 새로운 기법을 개발하고자 한다. 감마선 조사된 홍삼 추출물(IHRG)의 진세노사이드의 조성변화를 관찰하기 위해서 HPLC 분석을 이용하였다. 그 결과, 홍삼 에탄올 추출물에 감마선 1 kGy와 5 kGy를 조사한 처리군에서 진세노사이드의 조성에 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. MTT 분석법을 이용하여 사람의 전립선암세포주인 PC-3세포에서의 IHRG의 세포독성을 살펴 본 결과, 감마선을 처리하지 않은 홍삼추출액(HRG) 보다 더 높은 세포독성을 보였다. $LD_{50}$ 농도가 IHRG-1(1 kGy)에서는 $30{\mu}g/mL$, IHRG-5 (5 kGy)에서는 $15{\mu}g/mL$로 나타났다. 이러한 세포독성이 Annexin V/PI 분석 및 핵의 염색법인 DAPI 염색을 통하여 IHRG를 처리한 군들에서 전형적인 apoptosis를 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한, 산화적 스트레스(ROS)의 유발이 IHRG 처리군에서 나타났다. BALB/c 마우스에 암세포를 이식시킨 모델에서 IHRG에 의한 암세포 증식억제 효과를 살펴 본 결과, 암세포 증식 억제율이 HRG에서 21.1%인 반면에, IHRG-1에서 56.9%, IHRG-5에서 76.1%로 나타났다. 이들 결과들 통해, HRG에 어떤 생리활성 물질이나 성분들이 감마선 조사에 의해 항암효과를 증대시킨 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.265-269
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• 2011

뽕잎으로부터 분리한 H. pylori 억제물질이 건강기능식품으로 산업화되기 위하여 이들 유용성분이 생체 내에서 약리성을 가지는지 여부를 검토하였다. 청목노상으로부터 분리한 혼합물은 $200{\mu}g/100{\mu}L$의 농도에서 H. pylori에 대한 저해 clear zone을 형성하여 항균활성을 나타내었고, C57BL/6종 mouse에 H. pylori의 감염을 유도 한 결과 6주 이상이 되어야 H. pylori의 감염이 되는 것을 확인하였으며, 이 때 감염균수는 평균 $8{\times}10^5$ CFU/mL이었다. 경구투여를 통해 청목노상뽕잎에서 추출한 유효성분의 혼합물이 H. pylori 감염에 있어 예방 및 치료 효과를 갖는지 시험한 결과, 절개된 위속의 H. pylori colony 수가 약물투여 군에서 대조군에 비해 감소한 것을 확인하였다. 마우스의 혈청을 분리하여 immunoglobulin isotype을 측정한 결과, 대조군 보다 IgG1, IgA 등이 높게 생성되는 것이 확인되었고, 시료 혼합물에 의해 항체생성이 증가되어 H. pylori 감염을 억제하는 것으로 판단되었다. 이러한 결과로 뽕잎에서 추출한 유용성분인 caffeic acid, rosemarinic acid와 chlorogenic acid가 H. pylori의 감염에 있어서 예방 또는 치료효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 H. pylori에 의해 유발되고 감염률이 증가되고 있는 위염, 위궤양, 위암의 예방과 치료가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.5-24
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• 2009

Injinho-tang(IJ) has been used for the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases. This study was performed to observe the effect of IJ extract on the hepatocellular carcinogenesis and hepatic cirrhosis induced by Diethylnitrosamine(DENA) and $CCl_4$ in Rats. Experimental groups were divided into two ; 8th and 12th week group, and subdivided into four; normal group(Nor), hepatocellular cancer and hepatic cirrhosis inducing control group(Con), and IJ extract 260mg/kg/day(IJA) or 520mg/kg/day(IJB) administered groups to Con. The results obtained are as follows: The body weight was decreased in the Con, IJA and IJB compared with the Nor from the 2nd week to the 12th week. The weight of liver and the weight of liver/100g body weight were decreased significantly in Con, IJA and IJB compared with the Nor. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) were significantly increased in the Con compared with Nor, but decreased in the IJA and IJB compared with Con from the 8th week group. The activities of alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactacte dehydrogenase (LDH) and alpha fetoprotein(AFP) were increased significantly in the Con compared with Nor, but decreased in the IJA and IJB compared with Con. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were decreased in the IJA and IJB compared with Con, but the activities of catalase were increased in the IJA and IJB compared with Con. According to the light and electron microscopical observation, IJA and IJB improved the morphological and histopathological changes of the liver injured by DENA and $CCl_4$. The number of hepatic p53 positive cells was decreased in the IJA and IJB compared with Con. These results suggest that administration of IJ extract suppress or retard DENA and $CCl_4$-induced hepatocelluar carcinogenesis and hepatic cirrhosis in rats.