• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.4787-4790
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• 2015

Objective: To review ovarian cancer cases in children and adolescents in Siriraj Hospital and assess the prognosis, recurrence of disease, and reproductive outcomes after treatment. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in ovarian cancer patients 21 years and younger who had been treated at Siriraj Hospital between January 1990 and December 2009. Medical records were reviewed and relevant data were recorded. Results: A total of 48 cases met the criteria; their mean age was 16.4 years. Abdominal distension was the major symptom. 91.6% were germ cell tumors and the remaining cases were sex cord-stromal and epithelial tumors. More than half (25/48 cases) presented with stage I disease. The most common used chemotherapy regimen for germ cell tumors was BEP (bloemycin, etoposide, cisplatin). Most of patients had favorable outcomes; 46/48 cases had complete remission and retained their good health at the time of the review. We had only one recurrent case and one dead case. Ten of contacted patients had married and 3 of them had successful full-term pregnancies. Conclusions: Ovarian malignancy in children and adolescents is a rare disease. The authors reported 48 cases in 20 year-period of work. Most of them have favorable outcomes. Return of ovarian function and fertility are the topics of interest.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.9015-9019
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• 2014

The study aimed to compare the 2 main types of insurance used by colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in a university hospital in Thailand: universal coverage (UC) and 'Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme' (CSMBS) in terms of hospital expenditure and survival outcomes. CRC cases in stages I-IV who were operated on and had completed their adjuvant therapy in Songklanagarind Hospital from 2004 through 2013 were retrospectively reviewed regarding their hospital expenditure, focusing on surgical and chemotherapy costs. Of 1,013 cases analyzed, 524 (51.7%) were in the UC group while 489 (48.3%) belonged to the CSMBS group. Cases with stage IV disease were significantly more frequent in the UC group. Average total treatment expenditure (TTE) was 143,780 Thai Baht (THB) (1 US$ =~ 30 THB). The TTE increased with tumor stage and the chemotherapy cost contributed the most to the TTE increment. TTE in the CSMBS group was significantly higher than in the UC group for stage II-III CRCs. The majority of cases in the UC group (65.5%) used deGramont or Mayo as their first line regimen, and the proportion of cases who started with a capecitabine-based regimen (XELOX or $Xeloda^{(R)}$) was significantly higher in the CSMBS group (61.0% compared to 24.5% in the UC group, p-value < 0.01). On survival analysis, overall survival (OS) and progress free survival in the CSMBS group were significantly better than in the UC group. The 5-year OS in the CSMBS and UC groups were 84.3% and 74.6%, respectively (p-value < 0.01). In conclusion, the study indicates that in Thailand, the type of insurance influences resource utilization, especially the choice of chemotherapy, in CRC cases. This disparity in treatment, in turn, results in a gap in treatment outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.214-219
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• 1998

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of the low-dose(30mCi) I-131 ablation therapy for remnant thyroid tissue following total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Methods: Between March 1995 and December 1997, forty-eight patients were given ablative doses(30mCi) of I-131 after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer in the presence of I-131 uptake in remnant thyroid tissue. Effective ablation of remnant thyroid tissue was determined by following I-131 whole body scan. if remnant thyroid tissue remained, we repeated the same management at 6 months interval. Results: Thirty-eight(79.1%) patients had papillary, 8(16.7%) follicular, 1(2.1%) medullary and 1(2.1%) Hurthle cell type cancer. Forty-eight patients underwent total thyroidectomy, among those central neck dissection was performed in 35 cases, and modified radical neck dissection in 14 cases. Postoperative complication developed in 8 cases, which included 4 cases of transient hypoparathyroidism, 1 case of permanent hypoparathyroidism, 2 cases of transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, and 1 case of wound hematoma. There were significant remnant thyroid tissue in 46 cases(95.8%) of patients after total thyroidectomy, which could be ablated by low dose(30mCi) I-131. There were no statistical difference between operative procedures and number of treatment of I-131. Conclusions: These results suggested that repeated low-dose(30mCi) I-131 therapy would be needed, therefore, high -dose I-131 therapy could be considered as ablation therapy for the remnant thyroid tissue after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3617-3620
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• 2015

Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide, with over 500,000 new cases diagnosed annually and 50% mortality rate in Asia. In the United States, approximately 10,370 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed annually, and estimated 3,710 deaths occur from the disease, making it the sixth most common cause of malignancy among American women. This study aims to provide awareness about cervical cancer as well as an updated knowledge about the prevalence and incidence of cervical cancer in Asia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8479-8482
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• 2014

Performance status (PS) is a key factor in the selection of treatment in head and neck cancer patients (HNC). There is a probability in the development of an unfavorable PS with HNC advancing stages. This retrospective study was done on data of patients registered during the period from January 2010 to December 2012 at a cancer registry in the North Eastern India. PS was recorded according to the WHO scale. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the probability of poor performance status with advancing stage. Out of 3,593 patients, there were 78.9% (2,836) males and 21.1% (757) females. Average PS0 was seen in 57.4% of all HNCs, less than 1% of all cases in HNCs with poor PS3-4 except in cases with thyroid, parotid and nose and PNS cancers, 0.7% stage IV (${\pm}M1$) HNC with PS4, favorable PS0-1 was seen in 84% to 100% of cases, RR=57.1 (CI=21.2-154.1) in M1 for PS4 and with advancing stages the probability of worsening of PS0 to PS4 was 3 times (P=0.021, 95% CI= 1.187-8.474). In HNC, the majority of patients presents with a favorable PS0-1 with different odds of worsening of PS with advancing stages and the presence of metastasis in stage IV is significantly associated with a poor PS.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5149-5153
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• 2012

Introduction: This study assessed the relationship of E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression with the diagnosis of lung cancer with the aim of providing an auxiliary diagnostic method. Methods: Semi-quantitative nested RT-PCR and western blotting were applied to detect E-cadherin mRNA transcripts and protein, respectively, in 30 cases of diagnostic lung cancer, 30 cases of clinically suspected patients with lung cancer and 30 cases of other disease. Immunohistochemical staining was also used to detect E-cadherin. Results: Remarkably decreased levels of relative E-cadherin mRNA value and increased E-cadherin protein negativity were observed in probable lung cancer, when compared with possible lung cancer and others. With a threshold of 1.45, relative E-cadherin mRNA value showed a sensitivity of 90% and a specifity of 83% for the diagnosis of lung cancer. The combination of decreased relative E-cadherin mRNA value and negative E-cadherin protein increased the specificity and sensitivity. Conclusion: These data suggest that Chinese patients with diagnostic lung cancer have similar decreased levels of relative E-cadherin mRNA and E-cadherin protein value in the lung cancer tissues as in lung cancer patients in other countries. Measurement of relative E-cadherin mRNA and protein values in lung cancer tissues has potential for lung cancer diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2002

Advanced or recurrent thyroid cancer, and metastatic paratracheal lymph nodes may directly invade the trachea and lead to tracheal stenosis. In these cases the stenosis is not circumferential and it would be possible to reconstruct the trachea after partial resection of the stenotic trachea. We experienced five cases of tracheal reconstruction after partial resection of the tracheal wall in four Patients of advanced thyroid cancer, and in one Patient of malignant paratracheal lymphadenopathy.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.213-221
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the correlation between the expression rate of p53 and p21 proteins, c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and $TGF-{\beta}1$ and tumor prognostic factors in colon cancer including the tumor size, histological differentiation and Dukes' stage. The expression rate of p53 protein was 11.4% (4 cases) at well differentiation, 48.6% (17 cases) at moderately differentiation, and 17.1% (6 cases) at poorly differentiation. In other words, the poorer differentiation, the higher the expression rate of p53 protein (P<0.05). The expression rate of p21 protein was 17.1% (6 cases) at well differentiation, 40.0% (14 cases) at moderately differentiation, and 8.6% (3 cases) at poorly differentiation, indicating that, as the histological malignant degeneration progressed, the expression rate of p21 protein decreased distinctively (P<0.05). However, the correlation of the above mentioned proteins with tumor size and Dukes' stage was not recognized. The expression rate of c-cerbB-2 oncoprotein was 11.4% (4 cases) at well differentiation, 54.3% (19 cases) at moderately differentiation, and 17.1% (6 cases) at poorly differentiation, indicating that the poorer differentiation, the higher expression rate of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein (P<0.05). The expression rate of $TGF-{\beta}1$ was 17.1% (6 cases) at well differentiation, 48.6% (17 cases) at moderately differentiation, and 11.4% (4 cases) at poorly differentiation. As Dukes' stage progressed, the expression rate of $TGF-{\beta}1$ was 8.6% (3 cases) in stage A, 20.0% (7 cases) in stage B, 37.1 % (13 cases) in stage C, and 11.4% (4 cases) in stage D. There was a difference in expression rates between Dukes' stages (P<0.05). In 10 cases, p53 protein was positive while p21 protein was negative, and in 6 cases, p53 protein was negative whereas p21 was positive (P<0.05). Therefore, a statistically significant inverse correlation between the expression rate of p53 protein and that of p21 protein was observed. In conclusion, since there was a signigicant correlation between histological differentiation of colon cancer and the expressions of p53 and p21 proteins and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, and between Dukes' stage and the expression of $TGF-{\beta}1$, it was conformed that the overexpression of p53 and p21 proteins, c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, and $TGF-{\beta}1$ is closely associated with the occurrence of colon cancer and its progress. Accordingly, this study may be greatly beneficial to the presumption of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of colon cancer patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.646-652
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• 1993

Background: Lung cancer and chronic obstructive lung disease often coexist in the same person who are elderly and cigarette smoking. There are several reports that the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease constitutes an independent risk factor for the development of lung cancer. Moreover, the association between mucus hypersecrtion and lung cacer has been reported. Method: In 72 cases with primary lung cancer which were confirmed histopathologically at Chonbuk University Hospital from August 1986 to July 1991, We evaluated the relationship between spirometry and lung cancer characteristics. Results: Six cases(8.3%) showed normal lung function, 16(22.2%) cases showed pure restrictive lung disease, 46(63.9%) cases showed moderated obstructive lung disease and 4(5.6%) cases showed severe obstructive lung disease. $FEV_1$(%) was lower in central type than in peripheral type, lower in advanced non-small cell cancer and lower in subjects with phlegm. $FEV_1$/FVC(%) was higher in small cell cancer than in squamous cell cancer and higher in patients without previous pulmonary disease than with previous pulmonary disease. But there was no statistically significant difference in lung function according to histologic types and smoking history. Lung cancers with $FEV_1$/FVC less than 75% consisted of 35 cases of squamous cell cancer, 7 of small cell cancer(14%), 5 of adenocarcinoma(10%), 2 of large-cell carcinoma and 1 of unclassified carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma occured more in patients with $FEV_1$/FVC<75% than with $FEV_1$/FVC$\geq$75%(p<0.05). Conclusion: It was suggest that low $FEV_1$/FVC, as reflection of obstructive lung disease, may be at greater risk for squamous cell carcinoma in cigarette smoker.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.373-379
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• 1993

Primary lung cancer has increased markedly in its incidence and prevalence rate recently in Korea. In frequency, it occupies the second rank cancer preceded by stomach cancer in korean male. From February 1986 to December 1992, we have operated on 55 cases of primary lung cancer in Korea Veterans Hospital and followed them. The results are as follows; 1. The peak incidence of age of primary lung cancer was 6th decade and 5th decade and those were 87.3% of study group, mainly in male. 2. Symptoms were cough [63.6%], dyspnea [41.8%], chest pain and discomfort [38.2%], blood tinged sputum and hemoptysis [21.8%]. Symptoms were frequently encountered before hospitalization and asymptomatic cases were 9.1% of study group. 3. Methods of diagnostic confirmation were bronchoscopic biopsy [52.7%], percutaneous needle aspiration[PCNA][21.8%], sputum cytolgy [12.7%], open biopsy [12.7%]. 4. Histopathologically, squamous cell carcinoma [76.4%] was the most frequent cancer and adenocarcinoma [10.9%], giant cell cancer [7.3%], and the others in order. 5. Methods of operation were pneumonectomy [32.7%], bilobectomy [18.2%], lobectomy [27.3%], lobectomy and segmenectomy [1.8%], exploration [20%], and overall resectability was 80%. 6. Operative mortality was 5.5% [3 cases] and there were 5 cases of complication. 7. Postoperative long-term follow up reveals that the cumulative survival rates in 6 months, 12 months, 26 months, 34 months, 43 months, 64 months were 89.5%, 71.7%, 66.7%, 57.2%, 50.8%, 42.3% respecively.