• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.411-428
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• 2022

This paper presents the Campbell diagram analysis of the rotordynamic system using the full order model (FOM) and the reduced order model (ROM) techniques to determine the critical speeds, identify the stability and reduce the computational time. Due to the spin-speed-dependent matrices (e.g., centrifugal stiffening matrix), several model order reduction (MOR) techniques may be considered, such as the modal superposition (MS) method and the Krylov subspace-based MOR techniques (e.g., Ritz vector (RV), quasi-static Ritz vector (QSRV), multifrequency quasi-static Ritz vector (MQSRV), multifrequency/ multi-spin-speed quasi-static Ritz vector (MMQSRV) and the combined Ritz vector & modal superposition (RV+MS) methods). The proposed MMQSRV method in this study is extended from the MQSRV method by incorporating the rotational-speed-dependent stiffness matrices into the Krylov subspace during the MOR process. Thus, the objective of this note is to respond to the question of whether to use the MS method or the Krylov subspace-based MOR technique in establishing the Campbell diagram of the shaft-disc-blade assembly systems in three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA). The Campbell diagrams produced by the FOM and various MOR methods are presented and discussed thoroughly by computing the norm of relative errors (ER). It is found that the RV and the MS methods are dominant at low and high rotating speeds, respectively. More precisely, as the spinning velocity becomes large, the calculated ER produced by the RV method is significantly increased; in contrast, the ER produced by the MS method is smaller and more consistent. From a computational point of view, the MORs have substantially reduced the time computing considerably compared to the FOM. Additionally, the verification of the 3D FE rotordynamic model is also provided and found to be in close agreement with the existing solutions.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.996-1002
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• 2010

Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to measure the ploidy level of three different sports from 'Campbell Early' ($Vitis$ $labruscana$) grape. Results of the study showed different ploidy levels. FCM analysis for 'Campbell Early' grape which contains 2C DNA diploid cells showed single peak around 35-40 while 'Kyoho' grape with 4C DNA tetraploid cells had a different level of 70-80. However, analysis of the sports displayed a histogram with 2 peaks containing both 2C and 4C nuclei. There was no difference in histograms of 2C DNA flesh and pericarp; on the other hand, 4C DNA flesh type of sports had a different histogram from that of the 2C DNA pericarp. Chromosome numbers of diploid ('Campbell Early'), tetraploid ('Kyoho'), and three sports were counted under the microscope. 'Campbell Early' and 'Kyoho' have 38 and 76 chromosomes, respectively. Three different sports are mixoploids with mixtures of diploid and tetraploid cells. Microscopic observations of shoot apical meristems in sports from 'Campbell Early' grape were carried out to determine the type of plant chimera. 'Campbell Early' grape (diploid) and 'Kyoho' grape (tetraploid) showed that both had 2 tunica layers covering corpus cells, while the three different sports had tunica layers showing mostly oblique division. Most cells from 'Kyoho' grape were larger than 'Campbell Early' grape. Cells from L-2 and L-3 layers of the three sports were similar to 'Kyoho' grape in size, although all cells in L-1 surface layer were uniform in size like 'Campbell Early' grape. Results of FCM analysis indicated that both normal and polyploid cells could be intermixed in sports and could become mixoploidy consisting of diploid and tetraploid. All sports used in the tests were periclinal chimera plants with two distinct L-1 and L-2 cell layers. The result of this study suggests that all three sports which originated from 'Campbell Early' grape might be 2-4-4 type chimera formation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.57-62
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• 2007

A modeling method for the modal and the transient vibration analysis of a multi-packet blade system excited by nozzle jet forces is presented in this paper. Blades are idealized as cantilever beams and the elastic structures like disc and shroud connecting blades are modeled as coupling stiffnesses. A modified Campbell diagram is proposed to identify true resonance frequencies of the multi-packet blade system. Different from the SAFE diagram that employs three dimensional space, the modified Campbell diagram proposed in this study employs a plane to find the true resonance frequencies. To verify the existence of true resonance frequencies, nozzle jet forces are modeled as periodic forces and transient vibration analysis were performed with the modeling method.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

A significant difference in table grape quality was found between harvest seasons, producers and cultivars. In general, 'Kyoho' grapes showed much greater difference in fruit quality than 'Campbell Early'. The ratio of 'Campbell Early' grapes with poor quality (below quality standard within grades), was higher in fruit harvested early in the season, mainly because of immature fruit harvest. In 'Kyoho', poor quality of fruit seemed to be derived from the deviation of cultural practice between producers. Major factors responsible for poor quality in both cultivars includes harvest of unripe cluster, poor sorting and grading, berry abscission, and poor coloration. It is recommended to introduce a new quality standards considering the market condition in 'Kyoho' or a fresh-cut technology of grape berries for niche market.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.375-378
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• 1995

Three month old 600 ducklings of Khaki Campbell/KC Desi and KC X Desi were reared for a period of 13 months in the villages surrounding Bangladesh Agricultural University in order to study the economic traits of duck with and without extra feed to scavenging system of rearing. KC attained earlier sexual maturity followed by KC X Desi and Desi ducks and crossbred showed closeness to sire breed for this trait, KC X Desi found heavier and produce more eggs than their parental breeds. KC showed higher hatchability followed by KC X Desi and Desi ducks were more resistant followed by KC X Desi and KC to diseases. Extra feeding were found more beneficial to ducks irrespective of breed and types.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.711-717
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• 2008

A modeling method for the modal and the transient vibration analysis of a multi-packet blade system excited by nozzle jet forces is presented in this paper. Blades are idealized as cantilever beams and the elastic structures like disc and shroud connecting blades are modeled as coupling stiffnesses. A modified Campbell diagram is proposed to identify true resonance frequencies of the multi-packet blade system. Different from the SAFE diagram that employs three dimensional space, the modified Campbell diagram Proposed in this study employs a plane to find the true resonance frequencies. To verify the existence of true resonance frequencies, nozzle jet forces are modeled as periodic forces and transient vibration analysis were performed with the modeling method.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.528-535
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• 2009

Three domestic varieties of red grapes were utilized for the fermentation of wines, including Campbell, Muscat Bailey A (MBA), and Sheridan. The grapes were treated by four different methods before fermentation, which included conventional fermentation for red wine, fermentation with skin-removed grapes, fermentation with grapes and addition of removed skins, and fermentation with grape juice. Three different grape varieties with four different treatments did not show any differences in terms of $^{\circ}Bx$ and alcohol changes during fermentation. However, the L value of the MBA wine was lower and darker than the L values of wines prepared from Campbell and Sheridan grapes. The wines prepared from grapes with the addition of removed skins were darker and had 30% higher polyphenol concentrations than those of wines made from grapes by the conventional method, regardless of the grape varieties. Sensory evaluations of dry-type wines demonstrated that quality was higher for those made from Campbell and MBA grapes with the addition of removed skins than for wines made by the conventional method. Whereas for sweet-type wines, the wine that was made from the skin-removed grapes (Sheridan) was more favorable than that made by the conventional method.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of shoot twist on fruitfulness and fruit quality of 'Campbell Early' grapevine. Proper pruning and training are essential to produce a good yield of high-quality fruit and to maintain the balance between vegetative growth and fruiting. The most common problem in spur-pruned 'Campbell Early' cultivar is that vigorous buds has low fruitfulness and thereby the shoot become more vigorous the following spring because of lower crop load. Therefore, shoot twists in very vigorous 'Campbell Early' canes (above 10.0 mm) were performed on the third nodes and the $7^{th}$ nodes of each shoot at 7 days before bloom and full bloom, respectively. Sprouting date, blooming date were not significantly different among the treatments while, harvesting date was delayed approximately 3 days. However, number of berries per cluster, cluster weight and fruitfulness were significantly higher in the shoot twist treatment on the third nodes than the control that was topping alone. Combination treatments of shoot twist and topping had an additive effect on increasing cluster weight resulting in higher increase of yield by 12.1 ㎏ per vine. These results indicated that the shoot twist on very vigorous canes of 'Campbell Early' grapevine for well fruitfulness seemed to be very effective.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2008

The effects of fruit bagging time, bag kinds, and plant oil treatment on fruit cracking, pathogenic decay, and quality in grapevines were studied. The occurrence of cracking fruit was not affect by bag kinds in 'Campbell Early'. But, bitter rot occurrence in 'Campbell Early' and occurrence of cracking fruit and bitter rot in 'Wase Campbell Early' decreased effectively compared the ones of conventional bag, window bag, calcium coated bag to non-bagging. The cracking fruit occurrence of and 'Kyoho' decreased significantly by bagging to each before July 5 of 'Campbell Early' and before June 29 and July 5 of 'Kyoho' grapevines. The cracking fruit and bitter rot occurrence by plant oil treatment decreased significantly in 'Wase Campbell Early', and increased calcium of fruit skin in 'Campbell Early'. The soluble solids in fruits were much reduced by window bag and the Hunter b value in fruit skin was reduced by calcium coated bag. Accordingly, treatment of Ca-coated bag and plant oil was become judgment to reduction effect of cracking fruit.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.408-413
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• 2006

The domestic grape cultivar Campbell Early has high levels of both malic acid and tartaric acid. Therefore, the processing of wine made from Campbell Early must include decreasing the acidity. Six different methods were tested for reducing excess acidity: traditional vinification, precipitation, cold stabilization, malolactic fermentation (MLF), carbonic maceration and cold fermentation. Wines had higher pH values and lower total acidity than control after all the processing methods except cold stabilization. With regard to the measured organic acid content, the control contained 2,927 ppm tartaric acid, 2,421 ppm malic acid and 486 ppm lactic acid, but the precipitated wine contained 2,346 ppm tartaric acid. The MLF wine contained 828 ppm malic acid and 2,394 ppm lactic acid. Wine after carbonic maceration contained 792 ppm malic acid and cold fermentation decreased the organic acid contents in general. Sensory analysis showed that the carbonic maceration and precipitation methods resulted in wines that were excellent in color, flavor, taste and overall preference.