• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.620-627
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• 2022

This study analyzed the shot pattern through the tempo of segmented shot duration and studied the relationship with the unique emotion of the story. The structure of the story was classified into 3 chapters, 17 sequences, 83 scenes, 287 beats, and 1636 shots. Shot density is a method of visualizing tension in visual storytelling, and since it is a result obtained by mathematically calculating the density of divided shots, it can be helpful in designing tension delivered to the audience. Nine shot density patterns were extracted. The ascending(+) type was classified as A, B, C, D, 4, the descending(-) type, E, F, G, H, 4, and the maintenance(/) type, I, 1 type. Based on the spatiality of the 17 stages of Campbell's heroic narrative and McGee's story structure, the narrative level of the tree structure was proposed, and the symbolic meaning of the shot rhythm in the practical aspect of the story function was proposed to present a systematic methodology in the direction of production.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Recently, there has been a continuous researches on solders having sophisticated and improved performance due to demand for high-density and miniaturization of electronics, and development of solder for automotive electronics which can be used in harsh environment. When developing a new solder alloy, there is a wettability of solder on substrate for things to consider, and the wetting balance test is one of the methods for measuring that one. In this paper, the wetting balance test is introduced, and the calculus of the surface tension of solder and the contact angle between solder and substrate using wetting curve obtained is introduced too. In detail, the principle and test method of the wetting balance test, the introduction of the parameters with important meaning in the wetting curve, the method of calculating the contact angle as well as the surface tension of the solder using the shape of the solder meniscus.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.58-66
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• 2023

In this study, cable tension was measured using the vibration method, and a vision-based system was applied as a sensor to measure the displacement response of a cable in a non-contact method. In the vision-based system, the camera is installed in a location that considers the target structure and the field of view of the camera. However, it can be difficult to recognize the control points required to measure the displacement response of a structure as the target structure and other structures such as vehicles may be included in the image at the intended installation location. In this study, a distorted image including a vehicle shows inaccurate results in image analysis due to the installation position of the vision-based system. Accordingly, the image including the vehicle was eliminated by calculating the similarity between the two images. To verify the validity of the method of estimating the cable tension of cable-stayed bridges using the proposed method, the vibration method was applied to cable-stayed bridges in service to measure the tension.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.761-768
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• 2010

When cracks occur in reinforced concrete structures, a steel carries all tensile force at crack section, while the concrete between cracks carries a part of the tensile force due to bond, so that the steel is less elongated. This is called the tension-stiffening effect, that plays an important role in verification of a serviceability limit state. But it is a complicated work to use a complex strain distribution between cracks, therefore an average strain is used to calculate deflection and crack width. In Eurocode 2, tension-stiffening effect expressed in the first order form or the second order form is used in calculating an average curvature for deflection. In this study for a flexural member deflection and crack width are calculated using various models for the tension-stiffening effect and the results are compared with the values of Eurocode 2 and KCI provisions. As results, the predicted values using the second order form are appeared to be well agreed with the experimental values and it could secure more analytical consistency.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.341-348
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• 1972

The significance of the curvature dependency correction of surface tension is studied in calculating the pore volume distribution of porous adsorbent from nitrogen adsorption isotherm. That is, Kelvin radii are calculated with curvature dependent surface tension values calculated by Chang et al, and then with these Kelvin radii, pore volume distributions of three porous adsorbents, silica alumina (steam deactivated), silica gel (Davidson 59), and silica gel (Mallinc-krodt Standard Luminescent), are calculated. The results are compared with those obtained by the previous method in which surface tension is taken as constant and also with the others. obtained by the modelless method proposed by Brunauer et al. The maximum point of the distribution curve shift to the larger pore radius, when the curvature dependency is considered. Furthermore, the relative pressure at which capillary condensation commences is by far the lower than that accepted previously. This effect becomes significant as the pore radius approaches to the micropore range.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.393-399
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• 2006

음악을 들을 때 사람이 인지할 수 있는 긴장감을 뜻하는 텐션(tension)은 조성음악의 기본을 이루는 중요한 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 임의의 곡의 텐션의 움직임을 B-스플라인 곡선을 이용하여 표현하고 이 곡선을 수정하여 음악의 긴장도를 조정할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 먼저, 우리는 음악에서 사용되는 다양한 코드들의 긴장도를 측정하는 방법세 가지를 제안한다. 첫 번째는 러달이 제시한 5도권 기반의 코드 거리 측정방식을 개량한 것이며, 두 번째는 츄가 제시한 나선형 모델의 거리 측정 방식을 응용한 것이며, 세 번째는 크럼한슬이 제시한 특정한 조성에서 각 구성 음들의 안정도와 구성 음들 사이의 음정의 조화성을 이용한 방법이다. 이 방법들을 이용하여 우리는 음악이 지니고 있는 긴장도를 수치적으로 나타낼 수 있다. 다음으로 B-스플라인 곡선을 이용하여 전체 곡의 텐션의 움직임을 표현한다. B-스플라인 곡선으로 표현된 텐션 곡선은 수정이 가해져 원곡의 긴장도를 변화시키는데 사용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 텐션 곡선의 높이를 이용하여 곡 전체의 긴장도를 변화시키는 방법과 스페이스-타임 최적화를 사용하여 특정 부분의 긴장도를 변화시키는 방법을 제안한다. 또한 B-스플라인 곡선을 통하여 새로운 코드 진행을 얻을 수 있는 방법을 소개한다. 게임이나 영화, 애니메이션에서 긴장되는 장면을 연출할 때 긴장감 있는 음악의 사용은 필수적인 요소이다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법을 통하여 음악의 긴장도라는 인지적인 요소를 B-스플라인 곡선이라는 수치적인 형태로 표현함으로써, 우리는 실시간으로 음악의 긴장도를 자동적으로 변화시킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 게임 같은 인터렉티브한 환경에서 사용자의 몰입성을 증가시키는 방법으로 특히 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.17-26
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• 2023

To consider the risk of damage and fracture of P.C strands, the existing post-maintenance system alone has the limitations, hence it is necessary to quantitatively evaluate and predict the deterioration, durability and safety of facilities and establish a reasonable maintenance system considering the asset value of facilities. Therefore, it is worth considering a preventive maintenance plan that allows proactive measures to be taken before a major defect occurs in the temporary anchor. This study devised a preventive over tension method, reviewed its effectiveness through design and field tests, by calculating the resistance factors by performing a reliability-based optimization design. At this time, the over tension anchor method was evaluated using the ratio of the residual tension force after the fracture of P.C strands to the effective tension force before the fracture of P.C strand, followed by the resistance factor calculated by the optimal solution for each random variables using Excel solver and applying it to the limit state equations. As a result of the study, if the over tension ratio is 125% to 130%, the remaining strands showed a high resistance effect even after the fracture of P.C strand. As a result of the optimization design, it was found that it is appropriate to apply the load factor (γ) of 1.25, and the resistance factors of Φ₁, Φ₂, Φ₃ as 0.7, 0.5, 0.6.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.637-656
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• 2021

The component-based method is widely used to analyze the initial stiffness of joint in steel structures. In this study, an analytical component model for determining the column face stiffness of square or rectangular hollow section (SHS/RHS) subjected to tension was established, focusing on endplate connections. Equations for calculating the stiffness of the SHS/RHS column face in bending were derived through regression analysis using numerical results obtained from a finite element model database. Because the presence of bolt holes decreased the bending stiffness of the column face, this effect was calculated using a novel plate-spring-based model through numerical analysis. The developed component model was first applied to predict the bending stiffness of the SHS column face determined through tests. Furthermore, this model was incorporated into the component-based method with other effective components, e.g., bolts under tension, to determine the tensile stiffness of the T-stub connections, which connects the SHS column, and the initial rotational stiffness of the joints. A comparison between the model predictions, test data, and numerical results confirms that the proposed model shows satisfactory accuracy in evaluating the bending stiffness of SHS column faces.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 2015

We analyzed the small-scale purse-seine gear that is used along the North Coast of Java, Indonesia, using computer-aided tools to modify the gear. Data from the middle position of the leadline showed that the maximum depth reached by the net was 30 m. A similar result was also calculated. According to the calculated result, the mean sinking speed of the current gear at the middle position of the leadline was 0.13 m/s, and the maximum tension during pursing was 1,794 kgf. The best sinking performance was found in modified gear that used a 30.3 mm mesh knotless polyester net. The maximum depth reached by the net was 38 m, and mean sinking speed was 0.16 m/s at the middle position of the leadline. The maximum tension during pursing was 1,044 kgf. Independent sample t-test results show that the mean sinking depth and sinking speed in the simulated and measured results did not differ (P > 0.05). These results are expected to improve the efficiency and selectivity of small-scale purse seine gear.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2002

In this paper, we intend to demonstrate a new intuitive force-feedback device for advanced VR applications. Force feed-back for the device is tension based and is characterized by 7 degrees of freedom (DOF); 3 DOF for translation, 3 DOF for rotation, and 1 DOF for grasp). The SPIDAR-G (Space Interface Device for Artificial Reality with Grip) will allow users to interact with virtual objects naturally by manipulating two hemispherical grips located in the center of the device frame. We will show how to connect the strings between each vertex of grip and each extremity of the frame in order to achieve force feedback. In addition, methodologies will be discussed for calculating translation, orientation and grasp using the length of 8 strings connected to the motors and encoders on the frame. The SPIDAR-G exhibits smooth force feedback, minimized inertia, no backlash, scalability and safety. Such features are attributed to strategic string arrangement and control that results in stable haptic rendering. The design and control of the SPIDAR-G will be described in detail and the Space Graphic User Interface system based on the proposed SPIDAR-G system will be demonstrated. Experimental results validate the feasibility of the proposed device and reveal its application to virtual reality.