• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제104권1호
• /
• pp.84-89
• /
• 2015

'대보' 박피밤의 갈변 및 품질에 화학물질(ascorbic acid, citric acid, calcium chloride: 1% 용액)과 물리적(진공포장, $50^{\circ}C$ 증류수) 처리가 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 박피밤 색도의 L값은 모든 처리구에서 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타낸 반면, ${\Delta}E$값은 점차 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 일반포장 처리구가 급격히 색 변화가 일어나는데 비해 화학 및 물리적 처리구는 완만한 변화를 보였다. 특히 calcium chloride 처리구는 색 변화가 거의 일어나지 않았다. 관능적 품질평가 결과, 상품성은 일반포장 처리구가 10일간 유지되었던 반면 화학 및 물리적 처리구들은 35일간 상품성이 유지되었다. 따라서 '대보' 박피밤의 화학 및 물리적 처리는 갈변을 억제시킴으로써 박피밤의 관능적 품질유지에 효과적이였고, 특히 1% calcium chloride 침지 후 진공포장하는 것이 박피밤의 품질유지와 갈변 억제에 가장 효과적인 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.206-213
• /
• 2024

본 연구는 염소이온이 침투한 시멘트 모르타르에서의 아질산칼슘(Ca(NO₂)₂) 방청제의 방청 효과에 대한 실험적 연구이다. 이를 위하여 아질산칼슘 방청제를 함유한 시멘트 모르타르에 대하여 내부식성과 염화물 이동에 대한 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 아질산칼슘 방청제의 사용량을 증가하면 할수록 철근부식에 대한 염화물 임계 농도값이 증가한 반면, 염소이온의 이동속도는 빨라지는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 아질산칼슘 방청제를 사용한 시멘트 모르타르의 경우 염소이온의 이동속도가 빨라서 부식 발생시간을 단언하는 것은 어려움이 있었다. 그러나 철근부식에 영향을 미치지 않을 아질산칼슘의 사용량은 본 연구의 범위에서는 시멘트 중량 대비 2.0~3.0% 수준의 결과를 나타내었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.123-133
• /
• 1994

The ground pork patties were made to add two level of sodium chloride(2.5%, 3.0%) and replace part(50%) of the sodium chloride(NaCl) with either potassium chloride(KCl), magnesium chloride(MgCl2) or calcium chloride(CaCl2). These samples were analyzed for their chemical composition, VBN value, TBA value, microbial counts, and cooking loss. The ground pork with NaCl 2.5% was more desirable in saltness than the ground pork with NaCl 3.0%. Replacing 50% of the sodium chloride with potassium chloride was more desirable to flavor, color, juiciness, and overall acceptability than replacing 50% of the sodium chloride with either magnesium chloride or calcium chloride. The ground pork with NaCl 2.5% or NaCl 1.25% ＋KCI 1.60% had higher pH value than the ground pork with NaCl 1.25% ＋MgCl2 0.67% or NaCl 1.25% ＋CaCl2 0.79%. The ground pork with the ground pork with NaCl 2.5% had lower VBN value than the ground pork with either NaCl 1.25%＋KCI 1.60%, NaCl 1.25% ＋ MgCl2 0.67%, or NaCl 1.25% ＋CaCl2 0.79%. The ground pork with NaCl 1.25% ＋ CaCl2 0.67% had higher increase in total colony count than the ground pork with NaCl 2.5% or NaCl 1.25% ＋ CaCl2 0.79%. Cooking loss of ground pork with NaCl 2.5% was lowest and cooking loss of ground pork with NaCl 1.25% ＋ KCl 1.60% was highest. Potassium chloride would not be a substitute for sodium chloride in cooking loss and total colony count but potassium chloride more closely approximated the sensory properties of sodium chloride than either magnesium chloride or calcium chloride.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 1974

Korean Yung-il bentonite was treated with potassium chloride, zinc chloride, calcium chloride, ferric chloride, or chromic chloride solutions respectively varying their concentration, treating temperature and treating time. The adsorbabilities of methylene blue on these pretreated bentonite were investigated. In the case of treatment with potassium chloride solution, the improvement of the adsorbahility of methylene blue on the products was observed, and in the best result the adsorbability was 1.6 times better than that on the original bentonite. With zinc chloride solution, the optimum adsorbability was a value of 1.7 times better than that on the original bentonite. With ferric chloride, chromic chloride or calcium chloride solution, slight improvement of the adsorbability was observed.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.25-36
• /
• 1994

The inward tail current after a short depolarizing pulse has been known as Na-Ca exchange current activated by intracellular calcium which forms late plateau of the action potential in rabbit atrial myocytes. Chloride conductance which is also dependent upon calcium concentration has been reported as a possible tail current in many other excitable tissues. Thus, in order to investigate the exsitance of the calcium activated chloride current and its contribution to tail current, whole cell voltage clamp measurement has been made in single atrial cells of the rabbit. The current was recorded during repolarization following a brief 2 ms depolarizing pulse to +40mV from a holding potential of -70mV. When voltage-sensitive transient outward current was blocked by 2 mM 4-aminopyridine or replacement potassium with cesium, the tail current were abolished by ryanodine$(1{\mu}M)$ or diltiazem$(10{\mu}M)$ and turned out to be calcium dependent. The magnitudes of the tail currents were increased when intracellular chloride concentration was increased to 131 mM from 21 mM. The current was decreased by extracellular sodium reduction when intracellular chloride concentration was low(21 mM), but it was little affected by extracellular sodium reduction when intracellual chloride concentration was high(131 mM). The current-voltage relationship of the difference current before and after extracellular sodium reduction, shows an exponential voltage dependence with the largest magnitude of the current occurring at negative potentials, with is similar to current-voltage relationship at negative potentials, which is similar to current-voltage relationship of Na-Ca exchange current. The current was also decreased by $10{\mu}M$ niflumic acid and 1 mM bumetanide, which is well known anion channel blockers. The reversal potentials shifted according to changes in chloride concentration. The current-voltage relationships of the niflumic acid-sensitive currents in high and low concentration of chloride were well fitted to those predicted as chloride current. From the above results, it is concluded that calcium activated chloride component exists in the tail current with Na-Ca exchange current and it shows the reversal of tail current. Therefore it is thought that in the physiologic condition it leads to rapid end of action potential which inhibits calcium influx and it contributes to maintain the low intracellular calcium concentration with Na-Ca exchange mechanism.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 추계 학술발표회 제16권2호
• /
• pp.509-512
• /
• 2004

This research is targeting that estimate the effect on cement concrete pavement with type of chloride deicers. In order to this study objective, when chloride deicers were spread on road surface, thermal characteristics test was conducted. Also, skid resistance test according to types and concentration of chloride deicier, road surface conditions were investigated. As a test results, thermal characteristics with kind of chloride deicier could know that sodium chloride(NaCl) is exothermic reactive material, calcium chloride$(CaCl_2)$ is endothermic reactive material. And, in case of mixed salt of the calcium and sodium chloride, it could know that can change to the exothermic or endothermic reaction according to dosage ratios. Skid value by British Pendulum Tester(BPT) has shown that it is seldom difference between the types($CaCl_2$, NaCl, mixed salt) and solution concentrations(0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 4.0, $10\%$) of chloride deicier comparing with tap water except mixed salt($10\%$ solution concentration).

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.813-817
• /
• 2012

신선절단 '후지' 사과의 갈변도에 화학물질(ascorbic acid, cystein, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, histidine: 1% 용액), 한약재(갈근, 당귀, 산약, 오약, 천궁, 황기: 1% 추출액), 가열(절단과실과 원형과실, $40-60^{\circ}C$ 증류수) 및 코팅(albumin, dextrin, sucrose poly ester, whole soy flour: 0.5-4% 용액) 처리가 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 각 처리방법별 신선절단 사과의 갈변도는 1% calcium chloride 용액 처리, 황기 추출물 처리, 3% dextrin과 1% whole soy flour 코팅 처리에 의해 가장 낮은 수준을 보였다. 가열처리의 갈변도는 절단과실 처리시에는 $50^{\circ}C$에서, 원형과실 처리시에는 $45^{\circ}C$에서 각각 처리한 시료에서 가장 낮은 수준을 보였다. 이로써 신선절단 사과의 갈변에 대한 한약재 추출물, 가열 및 코팅 처리의 억제 효과와 조건이 확인되었고, 이러한 방법은 화학물질을 부분적으로 대체할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.567-573
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 돈육 패티 제조 시 첨가되는 NaCl 일부를 KCl, potassium lactate, potassium lactate 및 calcium ascorbate로 각각 40%, 30%, 30% 대체하였을 때 돈육 패티의 이화학적 특성과 관능 특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. NaCl을 KCl과 calcium ascorbate로 대체하였을 때 제조된 돈육 패티의 가열감량을 줄이고 지방산화와 미생물의 성장을 억제하였으며, 색과 관능적 특성에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 저염 육제품의 개발 시 NaCl의 대체제로서 KCl과 calcium ascorbate의 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. 하지만 potassium lactate는 지질 산화와 미생물의 성장 억제효과가 있었고 육색과 관능적 특성에 영향을 주지 않았으나, 가열감량이 저장 초기와 4일에 대조구와 다른 처리구들에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타나 NaCl 대체제로 사용하기 위해서는 첨가량을 조절할 필요가 있는 것으로 사료되었다.

• Advances in Computational Design
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2016

The influences of chloride-free components of the cement additive: triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, sodium hyposulfite and calcium gluconate on the 1d, 3d and 28d compressive strength of cement were investigated by response surface methodology. It found the early strength activators, triethanolamine and sodium hyposulfite could enhance the 1d strength of cement effectively but they did not contribute to the 3d strength enhancement, and further their interaction was able to decrease the 28d strength of cement. Calcium gluconate was not that effective for the strength enhancement on 3 and 28 days when it's simply dosed. However the interaction effect of calcium gluconate with triisopropanolamine could strongly favor the strength enhancement of cement after 3 days. Results indicated it was necessary to focus attention on the potential interactions among the chemical components. And for the concern of four chemicals studied in this paper, it was feasible to formulated a kind of chloride-free cement additive that can be effective for the early strength of cement and its the strength after 3 days.

• 한국가구학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2008

Gypsum-wood composites were made by introducing inorganic substances into wood using calcium chloride, first treating solution, and sodium sulfate, secondary treating solution, by double diffusion process under atmospheric pressure at room temperature. The process conducted as follows: water saturated specimens were soaked in calcium chloride solutions at several concentration. Then the specimens were soaked further in saturated sodium sulfate solution, and they were leached in flowing tap water for 24h. To attain sufficient weight percent gain (WPG) values, the suitable concentration of calcium chloride and soaking time in saturated sodium sulfate solution were 20% and 48h, respectively. Inorganic substances were produced mainly in the lumina of tracheides. It was made sure that these substances were dihydrate gypsum($CaSO_4$ $2H_2O$) by X -ray microanalysis (SEM-EDX). The composites had good fire resistance due to low heat transfer rate of gypsum formed in wood. However, the composites had little decay resistances, because they showed high weight losses by test fungi attacks.