• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2011

본 연구는 자생 벌개미취를 이용하여 다양한 토양에 오염된 중금속의 정화 가능성을 분석하기 위하여 시행되었다. 중금속으로 오염된 논, 밭 및 수림지에 벌개미취를 식재하여 8주간 재배한 후 생육 및 중금속 흡수능을 분석하였다. 벌개미취는 중금속으로 오염된 논, 밭 및 수림지에서 8주 동안 재배한 결과 벌개미취는 중금속 오염 토양에서도 생육이 우수한 것으로 나타나 중금속 내성이 있는 것으로 생각되었다. 또한 중금속에 오염된 다양한 토양에서 벌개미취가 흡수한 비소, 카드뮴, 구리, 납 및 아연의 함량을 분석한 결과, 벌개미취는 5종의 중금속을 모두 흡수하는 것으로 나타났으나, 토양 내 중금속의 함량 및 토성에 따라 흡수능이 각기 다르게 나타났다. 비소, 카드뮴 및 구리의 경우에는 토양 내 중금속 함량에 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 토양 내 중금속의 함량이 높을수록 흡수능이 증가되었다. 납은 토양 내 중금속의 함량 보다는 토성에 의하여 흡수능이 달라지는 경향을 보였으며, 사질토인 수림지에서 흡수능이 가장 증가되었다. 아연의 흡수능은 토양 내 아연의 함량과 토성이 모두 영향을 미쳤는데, 고농도의 중금속으로 오염된 논과 밭에서 재배하였을 때 아연의 흡수능이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 연구의 결과, 벌개미취는 중금속에 대한 내성이 있으며, 다양한 중금속에 대한 흡수능이 우수하므로 중금속으로 오염된 여러 종류의 토양에 적용 가능한 경관식물 소재로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.433-449
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• 1992

Three horticultural herbaceous plants and a natural herbaceous plant were tested to determine the growth responses, biomass and uptake of cadmium(cd), lead(pb) by application of cd and pb soil treatment in pot culture. The ecological effects on the growth of the plants were investigated to determine the tolerance for the heavy metal pollutants cd and pb. the marginal concentrain of cd treatment on the growth of the each plant was below the 1, 000 ppm treatment of cd. The marginal concentration of pb treatment was below the 1, 000ppm treatment of pb in cultivation of salvia splendens ker., celosia cristata l. and below the 3, 000ppm treatment of pb in cultivation of portulaca grandiflora hook., sedum saramentosum bunge. the resistance for cd of sedum saramentosum bunge, celosia criastata l., portulaca grandiflora hook. and salvia splendens ker. was in the listed order. The resistence for pb was in order of sedum saramentosum bunge, portulaca grandiflora hook. Salvia splendens ker.and celosia criastata l.stems. The flowering of portulaca grandiflora hook. was sustained in the pb 1, 000ppm treated group only. The higher the concentration of pb in the soil cultivated the plants was, the less the content of leaf chlorophy11 in each plant was. The number of stomata per unit leaf area was the highest in salvia splendens ker. and in order of celosia l., sedum saramentosum bunge., portulaca grandiflora hook., the higher the cd and pb concentration of cd and pb treatment was, the more the concent of cd and pb in the part of each plant increased. the content of cd and pb in the stems of salvia spiendens ker. was the highest in the 1, 000ppm-treated ground and in order of the roots, the leaves and the flowers.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.187-187
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• 2017

Cadmium (Cd) pollution is rapidly increasing in worldwide due to industrialization and urbanization. In addition to its negative effects on the environment, Cd pollution adversely affects human health. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important agricultural crop worldwide, including South Korea, and studies have examined its ability to alleviate Cd uptake from the soil into plants. However, information about the relationship between sulfur (S) and antioxidants in rice seedlings is still limited with regard to Cd phytotoxicity. We therefore investigated the changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in rice (Oryza sativa L. 'Dongjin') seedlings exposed to toxic Cd, S treatment, or both. The exposure of rice seedlings to $30{\mu}M$ Cd inhibited plant growth; increased the contents of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde (MDA); and induced Cd uptake by the roots, stems, and leaves. Application of S to Cd-stressed seedlings decreased Cd-induced oxidative stress by increasing the capacity of the glutathione (GSH)-ascorbate (AsA) cycle, promoted S assimilation by increasing cysteine, GSH, and AsA contents in treated plants, and decreased Cd transfer from the roots to the stems and leaves. In conclusion, S application of plants under Cd stress promoted Cys and GSH biosynthesis and GSH-AsA cycle activity, thereby lowering the rate of Cd transfer to plant shoots and promoting the scavenging of the ROS that resulted from Cd toxicity, thus alleviating the overall Cd toxicity. Therefore, these results provide insights into the role of S in regulating the tolerance, uptake, and translocation of Cd in rice seedlings. The results of this study indicate that S application should have potential as a tool for mitigating Cd-stress in cereal crops, especially rice.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2007

Robinia pseudoacacia var. umbraculifera, commonly called umbrella black locust were regenerated after co-cultivation of internode segments with Agrobacterium tumefaciens which included yeast cadmium factor 1 (YCF 1) gene. The tolerance to cadmium and lead for plants can be increased by the YCF1 gene expression. Moreover, the recent studies have shown that YCF1 gene transgenic plants increase the accumulation of cadmium and lead into plant vacuoles. The effect of plant growth regulator such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), ${\alpha}$-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 6-benzyladenine (BA), and thidiazuron (TDZ) were studied to evaluate the propagation of plants through internode explants. The efficient induction of multiple adventitious shoots and callus were observed on a medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L TDZ + 0.2 mg/L BA. To induce shoot elongation and rooting, regenerated shoots were transferred into basal MS medium without any plant growth regulator. Successful Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation was obtained by 20 min vacuum-infiltration with $50{\mu}M$ acetosyringone on the optimal multiple shoot induction medium with 30 mg/L hygromycin and 300 mg/L cefotaxime. To confirm the integration and expression of transgene, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) were performed with specific primers. The frequency of transformation was approximately 18.94%. This study can be used to genetic engineering of phytoremediator.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.413-419
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• 2011

국내 자생 수생식물인 노랑꽃창포와 창포를 수질 내 카드뮴(Cd) 제거용 식물재료로 이용하고자 Cd 축적과 내성을 조사하였다. Cd 농도에 따른 치사율을 근거로 Cd에 대한 반수치사량($LD_{50}$)을 계산한 결과, 노랑꽃창포는 $78.5{\mu}M$, 창포는 $47.6{\mu}M$로 나타났다. Cd 스트레스에 대해 노랑꽃창포에서는 POD와 SOD, 창포에서는 CAT와 SOD, 폴리페놀이 활성화되었다. 노랑꽃창포에서는 폴리페놀이 측정되지 않았다. 노랑꽃창포와 창포 모두 Cd 처리 농도가 증가하고 기간이 길어질수록 식물체 내 Cd 축적량이 증가하였고, 두 종 모두 지상부보다는 지하부 축적량이 현저하게 많았다. 지상부에 축적된 Cd 함량은 노랑꽃창포 $548.1mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$(지하부 축적 대비 82.1%) 창포 $121.4mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$(지하부 축적 대비 13.7%)로 두 종 모두 Cd 고축적식물로 확인되었으며, 특히 노랑꽃 창포가 Cd 축적능력과 내성이 우수하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.974-977
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• 2010

Cyclophilins contain the conserved activity of cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, which is implicated in protein folding, and function as molecular chaperones. When the yeast cyclophilin A gene (cpr1) was subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pKM260, it was found that the expression of Cpr1 drastically increased the cell viability of E. coli BL21 when under abiotic stress conditions, as in the presence of cadmium, copper, hydrogen peroxide, heat, and SDS. Therefore, this study illustrates the importance of Cpr1 as a molecular chaperone that can improve the cellular stress responses when E. coli cells are exposed to adverse conditions, while also demonstrating its potential to increase the stability of E. coli strains utilized for the production of recombinant proteins.

• Mycobiology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.421-433
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• 2021

Morchella is a genus of fungi with the ability to concentrate Cd both in the fruit-body and mycelium. However, the molecular mechanisms conferring resistance to Cd stress in Morchella are unknown. Here, RNA-based transcriptomic sequencing was used to identify the genes and pathways involved in Cd tolerance in Morchella spongiola. 7444 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by cultivating M. spongiola in media containing 0.15, 0.90, or 1.50 mg/L Cd²⁺. The DEGs were divided into six sub-clusters based on their global expression profiles. GO enrichment analysis indicated that numerous DEGs were associated with catalytic activity, cell cycle control, and the ribosome. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways under Cd stress were MAPK signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism, and propanoate metabolism. In addition, several DEGs encoding ion transporters, enzymatic/non-enzymatic antioxidants, and transcription factors were identified. Based on these results, a preliminary gene regulatory network was firstly proposed to illustrate the molecular mechanisms of Cd detoxification in M. spongiola. These results provide valuable insights into the Cd tolerance mechanism of M. spongiola and constitute a robust foundation for further studies on detoxification mechanisms in macrofungi that could potentially lead to the development of new and improved fungal bioremediation strategies.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.565-571
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the tolerance of some resistant fungal strains from soils contaminated with heavy metals. Various fungal strains were isolated from soil samples collected from studied sites which heavy metals and other pollutants have been emitted in effluents for several years. Fungi isolated belong to different genera; however, Penicillium spp. showed the most frequent species. The microbial number was remarkably higher in the control soil than contaminated soil samples collected from mining areas. $Pb^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ had the highest concentration in the polluted soils ranging from 89 - 3,521 ppm and 98 - 4,383 ppm, respectively. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) of $Pb^{+2}$ and $Zn^{+2}$ showed the highest values against the fungal strains. $Ni^{+2}$ and $Co^{+2}$ were the lowest contaminants in the polluted soils with the concentration of 5 to 12.1 ppm and 1.8 to 4.8 ppm, respectively. The tested resistant strains showed the strongest inhibition for $Ni^{+2}$ and $Co^{+2}$ up to 200-400 ppm. Cadmium was the most highly toxic heavy metal for most of strains, however, 1 mM of $Cr^{3+}$, $Cu^{2+}$ and $Pb^{2+}$ accelerated the growth of Penicillium verrucosum KNU3. $Cu^{+2}$ and $Zn^{+2}$ at concentration of 1 mM did not affect the growth rate P. funiculosum KNU4. Tolerance of fungal species to heavy metals appears to be strain and origin dependent.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1557-1567
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• 2012

Glutathione reductase (GR, E.C. 1.6.4.2) is an important enzyme that reduces glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to a sulfydryl form (GSH) in the presence of an NADPH-dependent system. This is a critical antioxidant mechanism. Owing to the significance of GR, this enzyme has been examined in a number of animals, plants, and microbes. We performed a study to evaluate the molecular properties of GR (OsGR) from rice (Oryza sativa). To determine whether heterologous expression of OsGR can reduce the deleterious effects of unfavorable abiotic conditions, we constructed a transgenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain expressing the GR gene cloned into the yeast expression vector p426GPD. OsGR expression was confirmed by a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (semiquantitative RT-PCR) assay, Western-blotting, and a test for enzyme activity. OsGR expression increased the ability of the yeast cells to adapt and recover from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress and various stimuli including heat shock and exposure to menadione, heavy metals (iron, zinc, copper, and cadmium), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), ethanol, and sulfuric acid. However, augmented OsGR expression did not affect the yeast fermentation capacity owing to reduction of OsGR by multiple factors produced during the fermentation process. These results suggest that ectopic OsGR expression conferred acquired tolerance by improving cellular homeostasis and resistance against different stresses in the genetically modified yeast strain, but did not affect fermentation ability.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.413-424
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• 2021

식물과 근권미생물을 이용해 토양 오염물질을 제거하는 rhizoremediation의 효율을 높이기 위해서는 오염물질을 제거함과 동시에 식물 생장을 촉진시키는 미생물 자원 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 중금속 및 유류 복합 오염 토양에서 서식하고 있는 옥수수와 톨페스큐의 근권으로부터 중금속(구리, 카드뮴 및 납) 내성을 가진 근권세균을 순수분리하였고, 식물 생장 촉진능, 중금속 내성능 및 디젤 분해능을 정성적으로 평가하였다. 그 결과 중금속 내성, 식물 생장 촉진 활성 및 디젤 분해능을 가진 6종의 균주를 분리하였다. 옥수수 근권에서 분리한 CuM5와 CdM2 균주는 Cupriavidus sp.로 동정되었다. 톨페스큐 근권에서 분리한 CuT6, CdT2, CdT5 및 PbT3는 각각 Fulvimonas soli, Cupriavidus sp., Novosphingonium sp. 및 Bacillus sp.로 동정되었다. Cupriavidus sp. CuM5와 CdM2는 중금속 내성과 디젤 분해능은 상대적으로 낮았으나, 식물 생장 촉진능이 상대적으로 우수하였다. 6종 중에서 디젤 분해능이 가장 우수한 균주는 Cupriavidus sp. CdT2와 Bacillus sp. PbT3이었다. 특히, Bacillus sp. PbT3는 3종의 중금속에 대해 상대적으로 우수한 내성을 가졌고 식물 생장 촉진능도 우수하였다. 본 연구에서 분리한 근권세균은 유류와 중금속 복합 오염 토양을 정화시키며 식물 생장을 촉진시키는 새로운 미생물 자원으로 활용 가능하다.