• 제목/요약/키워드: Cadmium tolerance

검색결과 67건 처리시간 0.025초

중금속 처리한 토양에서 참김의털의 생육특성과 중금속 흡수능력 평가 (Evaluation of Growth Characteristics and Heavy Metal Absorption Capacity of Festuca ovina var. coreana in Heavy Metal-Treated Soils)

  • 양금철
    • Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.259-268
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구는 장기간 중금속 오염에 노출된 폐 석탄매립지에 생육하고 있는 참김의털 (Festuca ovina var. coreana) 종자를 채집하고 발아한 유식물을 가지고 온실 재배 실험을 통해 생육특성과 중금속축적능을 평가하고 식물정화법 (phytoremediation) 적용 가능성을 위해 수행하였다. 참김의털을 온실에서 인공적으로 오염된 토양에서 12 주 동안 재배하였다. 비소처리 인공토양의 농도구배는 각각 25, 62.5, 125, 250 mg/kg, 납 농도는 200, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg 및 카드뮴의 농도는 각각 15, 30, 60, 100 mg/kg로 처리하여 실험하였다. 비소, 납 및 카드뮴 처리구에서 참김의털의 엽수는 납 처리구 (200, 500, 1000 mg/kg)를 제외하고 대조구보다 모두 감소하였고, 지상부의 길이 성장은 비소 처리구 모두에서 대조구보다 증가하였으나 지하부는 모두 감소하였고, 1000 및 2000 mg/kg 납 처리구에서는 대조구보다 증가하였으나 나머지 처리구에서는 대조구보다 모두 감소하였고, 카드뮴 처리구의 경우, 지상부는 대조구보다 모두 증가하였고, 지하부는 모두 감소하였다. 비소 처리구의 경우, 생체량은 모든 부위와 모든 농도에서 대조구보다 감소하였고, 200, 500, 1000 mg/kg 납 처리구는 지상부와 지하부 모두에서 대조구보다 생체량이 증가하였고, 카드뮴 처리구에서는 지상부와 지하부의 생체량이 대조군보다 모두 감소하였다. 중금속의 처리구 농도가 높아질수록 엽수와 식물부위별 생체량은 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 중금속의 처리구 농도가 높아질수록 지상부의 길이 성장은 소폭 증가하는 경향이 있으나 지하부는 다소 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 62.5 mg/kg 비소 처리구의 지상부, 지하부의 비소축적농도는 9.4 mg/kg와 253.3 mg/kg로 지하부가 26.9배로 축적율이 높았으며 250 mg/kg 비소 처리구의 지상부는 고사한 반면 지하부의 비소축적농도는 859.1 mg/kg로 분석되었고, 2,000 mg/kg 납 처리구에서 지상부와 지하부는 10,308.1 및 11,012.0 mg/kg로 지상부가 지하부의 1.1배 높게 축적되었고, 100 mg/kg 카드뮴 처리구에서 지상부와 지하부는 176.0 및 287.2 mg/kg로 지하부가 지상부의 1.6배 높게 축적되었다. 참김의털의 내성평가 결과, 비소, 납, 카드뮴의 모든 처리구에서 고사하지 않고 생장을 유지하여 3종의 중금속에 다재내성이 확인되었다. 참김의털의 납 오염토양에 대한 식물추출 (phytoextraction)은 납 오염농도 2,000 mg/kg까지 적용할 수 있는 식물종으로 검증되었다.

Heavy Metal Biosorption and its Significance to Metal Tolerance if Streptomycetes

  • Park, Jae-young;Kim, Jae-heon
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • 제40권1호
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    • pp.51-54
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    • 2002
  • Heavy metal adsorptions of four streptomycetes were compared with each other, Among the test strains, Streptomyces viridochromogenes showed the most efficient metal binding activity, which was carried out by cell wall as well as freeze-dried mycelium. An order of adsorption potential (zinc > copper > lead > cadmium) was observed in single metal reactions, whereas this adsorption order was disturbed in mixed-metal reactions. The metal adsorption reactions were very fast, pH dependent and culture age-independen, suggestive of a physico-chemical reaction between cell wall components and heavy metal ions. The metal tolerant stains presented the weakest adsorbing activity, indicating that the metal biosorption was not the basis of the metal tolerance.

Stravation supports cadmium tolerance in Enterobacter cloacae

  • Kwon, Yoon-Kyung;Park, Byung-Lae;Kho, Eun-Yuong;Lee, Su-Chan;Lee, Sung-Jae;Kim, Hong-Yeoul;Lee, Ho-Sa
    • 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국동물학회 1996년도 한국생물과학협회 국제학술대회
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    • pp.201.1-201
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    • 1996
  • No Abstract, See Full Text

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아연 저항성 갖는 인위적으로 유도된 효모 돌연변이체의 특성 (Characterization of artificially induced zinc-tolerant yeast mutants)

  • 이상만
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제60권2호
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    • pp.113-117
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    • 2017
  • 생물학적정화는 미생물을 이용하여 중금속을 포함한 오염물질을 정화하는 방법이다. 효모는 다양한 중금속을 흡착하여 정화하는 능력이 우수하다고 잘 알려졌다. 따라서 본 연구는 여러 중금속 중 하나인 아연에 저항성인 큰 효모를 인위적인 돌연변이를 통해서 얻는 것에 초점을 두었다. 대조구인 효모를 1 mM 농도의 아연이 포함된 배지에서 키운 후 점차 아연의 농도를 높여 최종적으로 80 mM이 되는 지점까지 키웠으며 이 농도는 효모가 점진적 적응을 거쳤어도 성장이 불가능한 한계점 근처이며 이렇게 유도 분리된 효모를 ZnR이라 명명하였다. ZnR은 대조구 효모보다 아연에 대한 저항성이 현저히 증가되었으며 이 외에 카드뮴과 니켈에 대한 저항성도 증가되었지만 구리에 대한 저항성은 오히려 감소 되었다. ZnR이 보여준 아연에 대한 저항성 증가는 유전자 돌연변이에 의한 영구적인 획득 결과이다. 단 기간 내에 아연에 대한 저항성 큰 효모의 인위적인 유도 및 분리는 생물학적정화 연구에 유용하게 쓰여질 정보이다.

Improvement of cadmium tolerance and accumulation of Phragmites spp. Tabarka by ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis

  • Kim, Young-Nam;Kim, Jiseong;Lee, Jeongeun;Kim, Sujung;Lee, Keum-Ah;Kim, Sun-Hyung
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제47권4호
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    • pp.324-329
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    • 2020
  • Reed (Phragmites spp.) is a rhizomatous plant of the Poaceae family and is known as high tolerant plant to heavy metal contaminants. This plant is widely recognized as a Cd root-accumulator, but improved heavy metal tolerance and uptake capacity are still required for phytoremediation efficiency. To enhance capacity of hyperaccumulator plants, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) as chemical mutagen has been introduced and applied to remediation approaches. This study aimed to select EMS-mutagenized reeds representing high Cd resistance and large biomass and to investigate their ability of Cd accumulation. After 6 months cultivation of M2 mutant reeds under Cd stress conditions (up to 1,500 µM), we discovered seven mutant individuals that showed good performances like survivorship, vitality, and high accumulation of Cd, particularly in their roots. Compared to wild type (WT) reeds as control, on average, dry weight of mutant type (MT) reeds was larger by 2 and 1.5 times in roots and shoots, respectively. In addition, these mutant plants accumulated 6 times more Cd, mostly in the roots. In particular, MT8 reeds showed the greatest ability to accumulate Cd. These results suggest that EMS mutagenesis could generate hyperaccumulator plants with enhanced Cd tolerance and biomass, thereby contributing to improvement of phytoremediation efficiency in Cd-contaminated soil or wastewater. Further studies should focus on identifying Cd tolerance mechanisms of such EMS-mutagenized plants, developing techniques for its biomass production, and investigating the practical potential of the EMS mutants for phytoremediation.

수종 초본식물의 중금속 내성에 대한 연구 (A Study on the Heavy Metal Tolerance in Several Herbaceous Plants)

  • Cho, Do-Soon;Joon-Ho Kim
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.147-156
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    • 1995
  • Restoration of ecosystems degraded by heavy metal pollution can be accomplished by soil amendment and selection and utilization of plants tolerant to heavy metals. Two former zinc mine sites, Sambo Mine in Hwasung, Kyonggi-do and the Second Yonhwa Mine in Samchuk, Kangwon-do, were selected for collection of plant samples and for determination of heavy metal tolerant species. Dominant species on mine waste deposits in Hwasung site were Panicum bisulcatum and Echinoch/oa crus-galli, while those in Samchuk site were Aster yomena, Setaria viridis, Artemisia lavandulaefolia and Oenothera odorata. Mean contents of zinc, lead and cadmium in Hwasung soil were 103, 117 and 1 ppm, respectively, while those in Samchuk soil were 23, 6 and 4 ppm, respectively, Zinc contents were higher in Echinochloa crus-galli from Hwasung and in Artemisia lavandulaefolia from Samchuk, while lead contents were higher in Panicum bisulcatum and Echinochloa crus-galli from Hwasung and Lactuca sonchiJolia and Pinus densiJolia from Samchuk. Plant species with higher cadmium contents were Panicum bisulcatum and Lactuca sonchiJolia. Comparison of metal contents between roots and shoots showed that Echinochloa crus-galli was a zinc accumulator, while Panicum bisulcatum, Persicaria hydroPiPer, Pinus densiJlora and Lactuca sonchiJolia were zinc excluders. In addition, Panicum bisulcatum and Persicaria hydroPiPer were proved to be lead excluders. When both heavy metal contents in plant tissues and biomass of individual plants are considered, it can be concluded that Echinochloa crus-galli and Panicum bisulcatum from Hwasung and Artemisia lavandulaefolia and Aster yomena are heavy metal absorbing plants. The effect of heavy metals on seed germination showed that Artemisia princeps var. orientalis had higher germination rates, but no significant difference in concomitant decrease of germination rates among the species investigated were found by increasing heavy metal contents.

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환경오염(環境汚染) 진단(診斷) 지표식물(指標植物)로서 잡초종(雜草種)의 활용(活用)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Application of Weed Species as the Diagnostic Indicator Plants of Environmental Pollution)

  • 강병화;심상인;이상각
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.46-69
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    • 1996
  • 본(本) 실험(實驗)은 오염원(汚染源)에 대한 식물종(植物種) 간(間)의 반응(反應) 차이(差異)를 파악(把握)함으로서 식물(植物)을 이용(利用)한 환경오염(環境汚染)의 모니터링 방법(方法) 확립(確立)을 위한 기초(基礎) 자료(資料)를 얻고자 실시(實施)하였다. 독성산소(毒性酸素)의 유발원(誘發源)으로 paraquat, 질소독성(窒素毒性)의 유발원(誘發源)으로 ammonium, 그리고 중금속(重金屬) 오염원(汚染源) cadmium을 처리(處理)하여 식물종(植物種)의 반응(反應) 조사(調査)하였다. 꿀풀과(科)와 십자화과(十字花科), 석죽과(科) 식물(植物)들은 paraquat에 대한 내성(耐性)을 보였으며 화본과(禾本科)와 국화과(菊花科)의 식물(植物)들은 비교적(比較的) 감수성(感受性)을 나타냈다. 꿀풀과(科)의 쥐깨풀, 십자화과(十字花科)의 장대나물과 개갓냉이, 국화과(菊花科)의 지칭개와 미국쑥부쟁이, 화본과(禾本科)의 참새피는 특히 강(强)한 내성(耐性)을 보인 종(種)이었다. Paraquat에 대한 내성(耐性)은 월동(越冬) 능력(能力)과 관련이 있었으며, 일년생(一年生)보다는 월년생(越年生) 식물(植物)이나 다년생(多年生) 식물(植物)이 강(强)한 내성(耐性)을 나타내었다. Ammonium에 대한 반응(反應)을 보면, 화본과(禾本科)의 식물(植物)들이 내성(耐性)을 보였으며 콩과(科)나 석죽과(科)의 식물(植物)들이 감수성(感受性)을 나타내었다. 내성(耐性)을 보인 식물(植物)은 돌피, 미국개기장, 금강아지풀, 명아주, 까마중 등이었으며 쥐깨풀, 벼룩이자리, 들깨 등은 감수성(感受性)을 나타냈다. Cadmium에 대한 반응(反應)은 바랭이, 녹두, 개비름 등이 강(强)한 내성(耐性)을 보였고, 별꽃아재비, 질경이, 미국돼지풀, 참새피 등은 감수성(感受性)을 나타내었다. 특히 콩과 식물(植物)에서 감수성(感受性)이 크게 나타났다. 오염원(汚染源)이 발아율(發芽率)에 주는 영향(影響)은 성식물(成植物)에 주는 피해(被害)와는 큰 관련(關聯)이 있지는 않았다. 특히 오염원(汚染源)의 피해는 유아(幼芽)보다 유근(幼根)에 있어서 심하였다.

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금소리쟁이(Rumex maritimus)의 카드뮴, 아연 내성에 관한 연구 (Studies on Cadmium and Zinc Detoxification of Rumex maritimus)

  • 김진희;이인숙
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.225-231
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    • 1998
  • The studies on the potentiality of biomonitoring heavy metal pollution in coastal region of industrial complex were performed to investigate the heavy metal accumulation and induction of metal-binding protein (MBP) as detoxification process using Rumex maritimus. Bioconcentration in organs and MBP in root of R. maritimus was investigated for the research of the tolerance of heavy metals. The bioconcentration of cadmium and zinc in organs showed 3.6-8.0 times in root higher than in shoot, so it was found that heavy metal accumulated selectively in root. MBP increased absorbance in 254 nm and decreased in 280 nm, because it was composed of high cystein content and low aromatic acids, so absorbance had large difference between 254 nm and 280 nm. The existence of MBP in the 10-20 fraction was ascertained with anion exchange chromatography and it was identified that concentration of heavy metal increased according as an exposure concentration of medium increased in QAE Sephadex A-25 elution profile. These results suggested that MBP could play a role in biomarker determining the bioconcentration of plant. This study demonstrated a possibility that removal ability of heavy metal of R. maritimus resulted from detoxification process and MBP could be utilized as a biomarker of heavy metal pollution.

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Amelioration of $Cd^{++}$ Toxicity by $Ca^{++}$ on Germination, Growth and Changes in Anti-Oxidant and Nitrogen Assimilation Enzymes in Mungbean(Vigna mungo) Seedlings

  • Kochhar Sunita;Ahmad Gayas;Kochhar Vinod Kumar
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.259-264
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    • 2004
  • The present study describes the ameliorating effect of $Ca^{++}\;on\;Cd^{++}$ toxicity on the germination, early growth of mungbean seedlings, nitrogen assimilation enzyme. s-nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR), anti-oxidant enzymes (POD, CAT and SOD) and on the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and sulphydryls. $Cd^{++}$ inhibited seed germination and root and shoot length of seedlings. While NR activity was down- regulated, the activities of NIR, POD and SOD were up- regulated with $Cd^{++}$ treatment. $Cd^{++}$ treatment also increased the accumulation of sulphydryls and peroxides, which is reflective of increased thiol rich proteins and oxidative stress. $Ca^{++}$ reversed the toxic effects of $Cd^{++}$ on germination and on early growth of seedlings as well as on the enzyme activities, which were in turn differentially inhibited with a combined treatment with calcium specific chelator EGTA. The results indicate that the external application of $Ca^{++}$ may increase the tolerance capacity of plants to environmental pollutants by both up and down regulating metabolic activities. Abbreviations: $Cd^{++}= cadmium,\;Ca^{++} = calcium$, NR= nitrate reductase, NIR=nitrite reductase, POD = peroxidse, SOD= superoxide dismutase, CAT= catalase, EGTA= ethylene glycol-bis( $\beta-aminoethyl ether$)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid.

Rapid Detection of Cadmium-Resistant Plant Growth Promotory Rhizobacteria: A Perspective of ELISA and QCM-Based Immunosensor

  • Agrawal, Ruchi;Satlewal, Alok;Chaudhary, Manav;Verma, Amit;Singh, Rachna;Verma, A.K.;Kumar, Rajesh;Singh, K.P.
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.849-855
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    • 2012
  • Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) pseudomonads have a large number of lipopolysaccharides on the cell surface, which induces immune responses. Cd-resistant PGPR prevalent at the Cd-affected sites under biophytostabilization was monitored. Transmissiom electron microscopy was used to the study the behavior of tolerance of PGPR to cadmium level and its effect on pseudomonad strains (Z9, S2, KNP2, CRPF, and NBRI). An immunosensor was developed by immobilizing antibody (anti-Z9 or anti-S2) against selected PGPR on a piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Immunosensors were found to supplement the inherent specificity of antigen-antibody reactions with the high sensitivity of a physical transducer. On comparison of the efficiency of detection with ELISA, the spectrophotometric technique, the developed immunosensor was found to be more sensitive, fast, and reliable even after regeneration for several times. Thus, the immunosensor may be used for future detection of PGPR strains after automation of the screening process.