• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.83-83
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• 2021

• 환경생물
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2008

참돌꽃 유식물에서 줄기와 뿌리의 부위별로 나타나는 superoxide dismutase(SOD)의 활성과 환경 스트레스 또는 항산화분자 처리에 따른 SOD활성도를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. SOD의 활성은 줄기보다는 뿌리에서 높았고 각 기부보다는 선단부에 이를수록 높았으며 이러한 현상은 유식물 생육의 초기보다 후기에 더 상승된 결과를 나타내고 있다. 또한 환경 스트레스에 대한 SOD의 활성도는 유식을 초기생육 상태에서는 NaCl또는 cadmium(Cd) 등 유해물질 처리 후 10 및 30% 정도 저해를 받고 있으나 생육 후기에 이를수록 처리된 유해인자에 의한 산화적 스트레스에 대하여 유식물은 자체의 SOD 활성 수준이 상향되는 방어능력을 보였으며 이러한 현상은 뿌리에서 더욱 현저하였다. SOD 활성도를 높이기 위해 항산화물질로 ascorbic acid를 처리한 유식물은 생육 후 최고 46%까지 높아짐을 보였으나 동시기의 스트레스 물질로 첨가한 cadmium 처리구에서 나타난 SOD 활성도에 비하여 유의할만한 상승효과의 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 이러한 결과는 참돌꽃 유식물 특히 뿌리부위는 항산화 기질의 처리 없이도 유해한 환경 인자에 노출되면 자체의 방어 수단으로 SOD 생성이 활발히 진행되고 있음을 시사하였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2019

Cadmium is a strong toxic heavy metal which presents in paints and liquid wastes and causes oxidative stress in fish. On the other hand, lead is widely used for different purposes, e.g. lead pipes, it targets vital organs such as liver and kidney causing biochemical alterations. The present study evaluates the effects of 60 days exposure to Cd and Pb either single or combined together in African catfish. Sixty-four fishes were divided into 3 groups and exposed to $CdCl_2$ (7.02 mg/L) or $PbCl_2$ (69.3 mg/L) or a combination of them along with control group. Activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) were estimated. Moreover, gill, liver and kidney were assayed for activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Individual exposure showed that both Cd and Pb significantly decreased LDH activity and SOD activity in the kidney. Pb significantly increased G-6-PDH activity and decreased GSH level in the gill. CAT activity in liver and kidney elevated significantly on Cd exposure while lead caused a significant depletion in the liver and significant elevation in the kidney. Both Cd and Pb significantly increased MDA levels in liver and kidney while Pb increased its level in gills. The combined exposure resulted in normalization of LDH, G-6-PDH activity, and CAT activity in liver and kidney as well as GSH level in both tissues and MDA in gill and kidney. The combination increased SOD activity and MDA level in liver and decreased SOD activity in kidney and GSH level in gills. In conclusion, the antioxidant system of African catfish was adversely affected by prolonged exposure to Cd and Pb. The combined exposure caused less damage than individual exposure and returned most parameters to those of controls.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.974-977
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• 2010

Cyclophilins contain the conserved activity of cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, which is implicated in protein folding, and function as molecular chaperones. When the yeast cyclophilin A gene (cpr1) was subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pKM260, it was found that the expression of Cpr1 drastically increased the cell viability of E. coli BL21 when under abiotic stress conditions, as in the presence of cadmium, copper, hydrogen peroxide, heat, and SDS. Therefore, this study illustrates the importance of Cpr1 as a molecular chaperone that can improve the cellular stress responses when E. coli cells are exposed to adverse conditions, while also demonstrating its potential to increase the stability of E. coli strains utilized for the production of recombinant proteins.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2004

The present study describes the ameliorating effect of $Ca^{++}\;on\;Cd^{++}$ toxicity on the germination, early growth of mungbean seedlings, nitrogen assimilation enzyme. s-nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR), anti-oxidant enzymes (POD, CAT and SOD) and on the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and sulphydryls. $Cd^{++}$ inhibited seed germination and root and shoot length of seedlings. While NR activity was down- regulated, the activities of NIR, POD and SOD were up- regulated with $Cd^{++}$ treatment. $Cd^{++}$ treatment also increased the accumulation of sulphydryls and peroxides, which is reflective of increased thiol rich proteins and oxidative stress. $Ca^{++}$ reversed the toxic effects of $Cd^{++}$ on germination and on early growth of seedlings as well as on the enzyme activities, which were in turn differentially inhibited with a combined treatment with calcium specific chelator EGTA. The results indicate that the external application of $Ca^{++}$ may increase the tolerance capacity of plants to environmental pollutants by both up and down regulating metabolic activities. Abbreviations: $Cd^{++}= cadmium,\;Ca^{++} = calcium$, NR= nitrate reductase, NIR=nitrite reductase, POD = peroxidse, SOD= superoxide dismutase, CAT= catalase, EGTA= ethylene glycol-bis( $\beta-aminoethyl ether$)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2004

본 연구는 건전지나 플라스틱 등 산업물질, 식품, 흡연 그리고 공기, 물 등을 통해 인간과 생태계에 노출되고 있는 중금속 카드뮴을 인간 유방암 세포 MCF-7에 처리하였을 때 일어나는 현상을 살펴보고 나아가 카드뮴의 독성기전을 규명하기 위해 시행되었다. 카드뮴으로 인한 아폽토시스는 DNA분절 현상과 핵의 쪼개짐, 세포주기에 있어서 sub-G1의 출현 그리고 아폼토시스시에 발현되는 단백질 caspase의 발현, 특히 산화적 스트레스상태에서 마이토콘드리아가 손상을 입었을 때 발현되는 caspase-9의 발현을 통해 확인하였다. 카드뮴으로 인한 산화적 스트레스는 활성 산소종이 대조군에 비해 증가하고 이를 방어하기 위한 항산화효소 superofide dismutase, catalase, glutathion redurtase가 감소함을 통하여 확인하였다. 이 상의 결과들을 통해 카드뮴은 인간 유방암 세포 MCF-7에서 산화적 스트레스를 유발시켜 아폼토시스를 일으키는 것으로 추정할 수 있다.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2009

Cadmium (Cd) and tributyltin (TBT) are common contaminants of marine and freshwater ecosystems, and can induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS can, in turn, cause oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated time-related effects of Cd (0.05 and 0.1 ppm) and TBT (5 and 10 ppb) treatment on antioxidant enzyme activity, i.e., the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the gills and digestive glands of the ark shell, Scapharca broughtonii. In addition, hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) concentrations, lysozyme activity, and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels were measured in the hemolymph. We found that Cd and TBT treatment significantly increased antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression and activity in the digestive glands and gills in a time-dependent manner. In response to the Cd and TBT treatments, antioxidant enzymes mRNA expression and activity increased up to day 5 in the digestive glands and then decreased by day 7. In the gills, antioxidant enzymes mRNA expression and activity increased up to day 3 and then decreased by day 5. Likewise, $H_2O_2$ concentrations significantly increased up to day 5 and then decreased by day 7. Finally, lysozyme activity decreased during the experimental period, whereas GOT and GPT levels were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner. These results suggest that antioxidant enzymes play an important role in decreasing ROS levels and oxidative stress in ark shells exposed to Cd and TBT.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.100-107
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• 1998

A numerical analysis of thermal stress over temperature variations near the crystal-melt interface is carried out for a floating-zone growth of Cadmium Telluride (CdTe). Thermocapillary convection determines crystal-melt interfacial shape and signature of temperature in the crystal. Large temperature gradients near the crystal-melt interface yield excessive thermal stresses in a crystal, which affect the dislocations of the crystal. Based on the assumption that the crystal is elastic and isotropic, thermal stresses in a crystal are computed and the effects of operating conditions are investigated. The results show that the extreme thermal stresses are concentrated near the interface of a crystal and the radial and the tangential stresses are the dominant ones. Concentrated heating profile increases the stresses within the crystal, otherwise, the pulling rate decreases the stresses.

• Mycobiology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.421-433
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• 2021

Morchella is a genus of fungi with the ability to concentrate Cd both in the fruit-body and mycelium. However, the molecular mechanisms conferring resistance to Cd stress in Morchella are unknown. Here, RNA-based transcriptomic sequencing was used to identify the genes and pathways involved in Cd tolerance in Morchella spongiola. 7444 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by cultivating M. spongiola in media containing 0.15, 0.90, or 1.50 mg/L Cd²⁺. The DEGs were divided into six sub-clusters based on their global expression profiles. GO enrichment analysis indicated that numerous DEGs were associated with catalytic activity, cell cycle control, and the ribosome. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways under Cd stress were MAPK signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism, and propanoate metabolism. In addition, several DEGs encoding ion transporters, enzymatic/non-enzymatic antioxidants, and transcription factors were identified. Based on these results, a preliminary gene regulatory network was firstly proposed to illustrate the molecular mechanisms of Cd detoxification in M. spongiola. These results provide valuable insights into the Cd tolerance mechanism of M. spongiola and constitute a robust foundation for further studies on detoxification mechanisms in macrofungi that could potentially lead to the development of new and improved fungal bioremediation strategies.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 춘천 지역에서 재배되고 있는 메밀의 부위별(종피, 종자, 줄기) 추출물을 이용하여 MTT assay 항산화 효능(수퍼옥사이드 라디칼, 하이드록실 라디칼 소거능), rutin과 phytic acid에 대한 함량 측정, 대표적인 중금속 중의 하나인 카드뮴에 대한 세포 수준에서 방어 효능을 평가하였고, 이들 자료를 토대로 주된 식품재료로 쓰이고 있는 메밀을 기능성 화장품의 소재로써 개발할 수 있는 가능성을 조사하여 보았다. HaCaT 세포와 B16F10 세포를 이용한 세포 독성 실험에서는 각 추출물 $100 {\mu}g/mL$의 농도 범위에서는 독성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 수퍼옥사이드 라디칼에 대한 소거능은 종피>줄기>종자 추출물 순이었으며, 종피나 줄기는 거의 비슷한 수준의 효능을 보여 주었으며, 항산화 효능에 관여하는 주요 물질중의 하나인 rutin은 줄기 부위에 가장 많이 함유하고 있었다. 하이드록실 라디칼에 대한 소거능은 각 추출물 모두 거의 없는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 중금속에 대한 chelate 물질로 알려진 phytic acid는 rutin처럼 줄기 부위에 높은 농도로 함유되어 있었다. 카드뮴에 대한 독성은 HaCaT 세포에서 $50{\mu}M$의 농도일 때 $50\%$ 정도의 치사율을 보였으며, 카드뮴을 추출물과 같이 처리하였을 때는 카드뮴의 독성에 대해 약 $10\%$ 정도 방어 효과를 나타냈다. Confocal laser scanning microscope를 이용하여 카드뮴에 의한 세포내 활성산소종의 생성을 확인하였고. 생성된 활성 산소 종에 대한 방어 효능은 줄기추출물에서 가장 우수한 것을 확인하였다.