• BMB Reports
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.344-348
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• 2000

The logarithmically growing Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells were subjected to high heat ($40^{\circ}C$), hydrogen peroxide, and heavy metals such as mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride. Then, the stress responses of catalase, glutathione S-transferase and thioltransferase were investigated. The high heat and cadmium chloride enhanced the catalase activity. The glutathione S-transferase activity of S. pombe cells was increased after treatments with heavy metals. The thioltransferase activity of S. pombe cells was completely abolished by mercuric chloride. Hydrogen peroxide caused no effect on the activities of glutathione S-transferase and thioltransferase. These results suggest that the response of S. pombe cells against oxidative stress is very complicated.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제3권3_4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1988

Experiment was performed to investigate the immunotoxicity of cadmium administered orally and the effect of ginseng petroleum ether fraction on it. Mice were given 3, 30, or 300 ppm cadmium as cadmium chloride orally in the drinking water and injection of ginseng petroleum ether fraction intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. Mice were sensitized and challenged u'ith sheep red blood cells (5-HBC). Immune response was evaluated by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), Rosette forming cell (RFC), phagocyte activity, and natural killer cell activity (NK cell activity). In the present study, cadmium suppressed the cellular immunity, It also depressed phagocyte activity very significantly in all cadmium-administered groups, NK cell activity in the cadmium-300 ppm administered group. Ginseng petroleum ether fraction showed restoring effect on the decrease in RFC by cadmium-administration. Remarkably, it showed very significant restoring effect on the depression of phagocyte activity induced by cadmium-administration. From this result, we suppose that the anti-tumor effect of ginseng ether or petroleum ether extract, which has been reported by some other researchers, is mainly due to the increase of phagocyte activity by it's administration.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.28-37
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• 1995

This study is performed to find out the effects of selenium against cadmium toxicity. The experimental mice were divided into 6 gruops such as control group, cadmium alone treatment group, selenium treatment groups and two simultaneous treatment groups of selenium and cadmium. Mice were given intraperitoneal administration with two dosage of sodium selenite such as 1.0 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg body weight and cadmium chloride was administered 3.0 mg/kg body weight. After giving the challenge dose, the concentration of cadmium and metallothionein and histopathological change of liver and kidney were determined. The results were summarized as follows on 1. The simultaneously administration of selenium and cadmium significantly more decreased cadmium concentration in kidney and iiver tissues compared to the administration of cadmium only(P<0.05). 2. The simultaneously administration of selenium and cadmium more increased metallothionein concentration compared to administration of cadmium only. 3. The simultaneously administration of selenium and cadmium more decreased cadmium concentration in urine compared to the administration of cadmium only. 4. When liver and kidney tissues were observed with optical microscope, no obvious changes were visible in those tissues.

• 분석과학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 1996

이성분계 첨가물을 이용한 카드뮴 석출과 수소 생성의 상대족인 속도를 조절할 수 있는 가능한 방법에 대하여 조사하였다. 수소를 발생하는 물의 전기환원을 억제하는 소수성 필름을 형성할 수 있는 벤질 알코올을 첨가제 중의 하나로 선택하였다. 다른 한 가지 첨가제는 카드뮴(II) 이온의 친수성을 약화시킴으로써 소수성 벤질 알코올 필름층을 쉽게 가로질러 환원극에 전착시킬 수 있는 것을 선택하였다. 전압 전류 효율 연구로부터 이온쌍과 착물 첨가제가 벤질 알코올 필름 존재하에서 카드뮴의 환원을 촉진시킬 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 벤질 알코올 필름은 나트륨 이온과 카드뮴의 염화착물을 형성하는 이온쌍을 얻기에 충분하도록 전극 주위의 유전상수를 낮추고, 카드뮴의 환원을 촉진시킨다. 이러한 환원의 촉진은 염화물이 존재하지 않는 황산염 용액에서는 일어나지 않는다. 왜냐하면 카드뮴은 본래 아쿠아 착물과 이온쌍으로 존재하여 카드뮴의 환원을 촉진시키지 못하고 환원을 방해시키기 때문이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.461-471
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary protein and cysteine levels on cadmium toxicity in rats. Seventy-two male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighting 171$\pm$3g were blocked into 12 groups according to body weight, and were raised for 30 days. cadmium chloride was given at levels of 0 or 400ppm, protein at levels of 7, 15 and 40%, and cysteine was added(total dietary cysteine contents : 0.45%) to diet or not. The results are summarized as follow. Food intake, weight gain, food were lower than those of cadmium free group. But, these were increased with increasing dietary protein level and cysteine addition. Fecal cadmium excretion was remarkably increased in high protein (40%) groups. Thus, cadmium retention rates were decreased in high protein groups. Metallothionein concentrations in liver and kidney were increased in cysteine addition, and cadmium administration. Especially, these were remarkably increased in cadmium and cysteine added groups. Urinary calcium excretion was increased with cadmium administration, but urinary protein excretion and creatinine clearance were not changed in these animal. In conclusion, food intake, weight gain and organ weights were decreased with administration. Cadmium toxicity was alleviated by increasing fecal cadmium excretion, while cysteine addition increased metallothionein concentrations in liver and kidney. From these results, it was shown that cadmium toxicity was alliviated by synergistic effect of high protein level and cysteine addition.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제3권1_2호
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• pp.43-54
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• 1988

Experiment was performed to investigate the immunotoxicity of cadmium administered orally and the effect of ginseng petroleum ether fraction on it. Mice were given 3, 30, or 300 ppm cadmium as cadmium chloride orally in the drinking water and injection of ginseng petroleum ether fraction intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. Mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells (S-RBC). Humoral immune response was evaluated by antibody production and Arthus reaction. Body weight gain, spleen weight, thymus weight, and liver weight were also measured. In the present study, cadmium generally suppressed the humoral immunity. There was decrease in the rate of body weight gain and liver weight to body weight by cadmium-administration. Ginseng petroleum ether fraction showed restoring effect, to some extent, on the decrease in PFC and in the rate of liver weight to body weight by cadmium-administration. But it more suppressed Arthus reaction.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

• 대한화학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2008

고상추출 매질로 bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate를 포함하는 polyvinyl chloride막을 사용하여 카드뮴의 잔유양 을 측정하기 위한 새로운 민감하고 선택적인 분광광도법을 연구하였다. Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate는 가소제로 사용되 었다. 수용액에서 Cd(II)은 색을 가진 Cd(II) - I- - MG 착체(여기서 MG는 malachite green이다). 형으로 있는 막에 의해 트랩되었고, 카드뮴 착체는 막에 농축되었다. 그린색의 막의 흡수는 분광광도법을 사용하여 629 nm에서 측정되었 다. 카드뮴 농도는 Cd(II) 농도와 25분 동안 착색후 막의 흡수 사이에 관계로 나타내는 검정곡선으로부터 계산하였다. 검정곡선은 시험용액에서 10-760 μgL-1 cadmium 범위에서 선형이었다. 3Sbl criterion의 검출한계는 1.8199 μgL-1 상 대 표준편차(RSD)는 4% (n=5).보다 적다. 제안된 방법은 Tadjan강(Sari-Iran), 에 있는 카드뮴의 잔량을 성공적으로 측 정하였다. 28.7 μgL-1의 평균 값을 얻었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.115-130
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• 1987

The present experiment was performed to investigate the acute effects of cadmium on ultrastructural and biochemical changes in mouse kidney and compare these changes with liver damage. Mouse were injected with cadmium chloride at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. After treatment, mouse were sacrificed at time intervals of 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. It was observed that ultrastructural changes in mouse kidney were composed of swelling of mitochondria, dilation in endoplasmic reticulum, wrinkling at basal infolded membrane, formation of autophagosome and partial loss of microvilli in brush. border, and that ultrastructural changes in liver were mitochondrial change, dilation and deterioration of rough endoplasmic reticulum and proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Biochemical effects of cadmium were more severe on liver than kidney. Therefore, acutely injected cadmium caused not only liver damage, but also kidney damage.

• 생약학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.250-254
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• 1999

Cadmium chloride and Yukmijihwang-tang extract (YJT), a herbal restorative were treated 3 mg/kg s.c. and 500 mg/kg p.o. respectively, and concurrently to rats, and examined the variations of the body weight, feed efficiency ratio, accumulation of cadmium in kidney, the triglyceride and cholesterol in serum, the blood pressure and heart rate of rats. The values of body weight gained and feed efficiency ratio decreased, and the other values increased significantly in cadmium-treated group, but concurrent administration with YJT showed significant recovery from the toxicity of cadmium.