• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.146-151
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• 1982

The electrochemical reaction behavior of nickel electrode of the nickel-cadium battery system in potassium hydroxide solution has been studied by cyclic voltammetry, controlled potential electrolysis and X-ray diffraction method. It has been found that the reaction mechanism of positive nickel electrode for charging was assumed to be proten transfer step with a rate controlling diffusion process and char-ging state of positive electrode was amorphous $\beta$-NiOOH.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.307-311
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• 1998

This study was carried out to evaluate antitoxic effects Taraxaci Herba extract against Cadium by calorimetric methods. The antitoxic activity of Taraxaci Herba ex tract in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts was evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-phenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide), NR (Neutral red) and SRB (Sulforhodamine B protein) assay. The light microscopic study was carried out to observe morphological changes of the treated cells. These results were obtained as follows; The concentration of $10^{-2}mg/ml$ of Taraxaci Herba extract was shown significant antitoxic activity. The number of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were antitoxic and tend to regenerate. These results suggest that Taraxaci Herba extract retains a potential antitoxic activity.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.355-359
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• 1994

Cd1-xCoxIn2Se4(X=0.50) 결정을 수직 Bridgman 방법으로 성장시키고 성장된 결정의 결정구조 및 XPS 특성을 연구하였다. 성장된 결정은 pseudocubic 구조이고 격자상수는 a=5.778$\AA$으로 주어졌다. Cd1-xCoxIn2Se4 결정의 각 성분원소인 cadmium cobalt indium 그리고 selenium에 대한 XPS spectrum으 로부터 결합에너지와 결합상태를 조사하였다. Cd1-xCoxIn2Se4결정과 결합하지 안는 각 성분원소인 cadium cobalt imdium 그리고 selenium에 대한 core level의 XPS spectrum과 비교하면 각 성분원소상 이의 결합에 의한 chemical shift 현상 때문에 core level의 결합에너지가 0.10~4.87 eV 차이가 있다. Cd1-xCoxIn2Se4 결정에서 Co 2P3/2 core level의 주 peak와 statellite peak와의 결합에너지 차이로부터 cadmium과 치화된 cobalt는 Co2+ ion으로 Td symmetry 점에 위치함을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.21-26
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• 2008

Solar cells are renewable energy source which is not only environmentally friendly but also economically viable. For that matter, thin film materials are in observed with great in terest by a number of sources throughout the nations. Among these, CdTe (Cadium telluride) and CIS (copper indium diselenide) are the latest commercial products that are gathering attention in the solar cells markets. However there are some downsides to this newly invention. Since the materials are embedded, in the occasion of damage, certain amount of module residue can be released to water or soil. This paper outlines the results of our outdoor leaching experiments on photovoltaic (PV) samples broken into small fragments and been observed for 1 year.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.579-582
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• 1989

Previous experiments have shown that aqueous sodium silicate ingested in drinking water may modify the gastrointestinal uptake and(or) tissue retention of certain trace elements, including heavy metals. The present experiment tested, with a mineral balance trial using sheep, the hypothesis that dietary silicic acid could modify uptake, retention and(or) biological effects of dietary Cd. Twenty-four wethers were fed a fibrous diet of ground alfalfa hay and cottonseed hulls to which either 0 or 150 ppm Cd was added as $CdCl_2$ and 0, .5 or 1% silicic acid (as dry matter of the diet). Body weight, feed intake, excretion of urine (volume) and feces (weight), digestibility of dry and organic matter, retention of nitrogen, and packed cell volumes of blood were not affected by either Cd or silicic acid (P<.10). Cadmium decreased (P<.05) Ca retention and increased (P<.01) Mg retention. Silicic acid decreased (P<.05) K retention. Silicic acid failed (P<.01) to modify the retention of added dietary Cd. Body retention of K, Mn and Ni in response to silicic acid varied with Cd levels. If Cd is interfering with mineral retention, silicic acid may be effective in preventing this interference.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.16-22
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• 1993

Contamination of heavy metals in water and sediments along Mangyeong Gang(river) has reached up to critical level The object of the study is to elucidate somed molluscs which inhabit along the river on respect to the modulatory role in reducing the pollution. For the purpose, molluscs which are common in numbers and biomass in the area were collected, and Cadmim(Cd) was subjected as a reference metal in the experiment. The corresponding species were; Cipango;aludina chinensis (muddy snail) and Scapharca subcrenata (seashell). As methods, sample species were kept in laboratory under the natural condition as possible. Soil were brought from the site of the collection, dried autoclaved and wetted with ordinary water. It wad utilized as media to maintain the collected species in vitro all the way of the experiment. CdCI$^{2}$ was mixe in the medium according to experimental design. On the result obtained in the study, it is summarized that molluscs which inhabit along Mangyeong Gang(river)consume heavy mital-containing matters, so far Cd is concerned in the study. The amout of Cd concentration in tissues of the benthic natured invertebrates were dose and time related, and MT-Cd was also similar trend. Thus, Cd may eventually combine with low molecular protein forming metalloprotein, then reduce the toxicity of the heavy metal.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 1992

The influence of selenium to several toxic effects of cadmum, including lethality has been shown following pretreatment with cadmium, zinc and seleniurm Five groups of rats, each consisting of 16 rats, were studied and each group was divided into four subgroups, 4 rats for each subgroup. After subcutaneous pretreatment during 5 days with saline, CdCl$_{2}$ (0.5mg/kg, ZnCl$_{2}$ (13.0mg/kg) and $Na_{2}SeO_{3}$(1.0mg/kg), rats were given intraperitioneal administration of various dosage of or cadium of cadmium and selenium. After giving the challenge dose, cadmium and metallothionein(MT) concentrations were determined in liver and kidney The concentration of cadmium in liver and kideny increased proportionally to the increase of challenge dosage. The simultaneous administration of cadmium and selenium significantly more decrease cadmium concentrations in liver and kidney than those of the administration of cadmium only. However, MT concentrations in liver and kideny were increased by the pretreatment of cacmium, zinc and selenium. Our results suggest that increasing cadmium concentrations, gradully accumulating in the tissues of liver and kidney as a result of the pretreatment, served to induced the synthesis of MT, thus making them resistant to the challenge from cadmium.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.14-22
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• 2004

The effect of cadmium ions on ligninolytic and decolourizing activities in cultures of two white-rot fungi, Cerrena unicolor and Trametes versicolor, were examined. Cadmium was added to the shallow stationary cultures growing on a liquid mineral medium. Both examined strains sorbed Cd ions in the first 24 hr of incubation. An appreciable stimulation of the activity of extracellular laccase (LAC) and inhibition of the extracellular manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) were simultaneously observed when 25 mgL^-1 and 50 mgL^-1 of cadmium ions were added to the cultures. On the other hand, the addition of cadmium ions also resulted in stimulating the decolorization activity of C. unicolor to decolorize Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) in the cultures, but decreasing it in the culture of T. versicolor, which is compared to the inhibition of MnP activity in this fungus. Our data indicate that the presence of Cd(II) ions can affect the ligninolytic activity of white-rot fungi. It was found that C. unicolor is a strain resistant to the presence of Cd ions in the liquid culture media, and has a potential to use this strain for bioremediation of sites contaminated with both heavy metals and aromatic pollutants.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1982

Seventy-seven Mugil cephalus of spinal deformation, living in Hanam, Nogsan, and Myeongji area, the downstreams of the Nagdong River, were collected in order to determine their forms and the levels of heavy metal contamination between March and October, 1981. The specimens were examined by X-ray and content of cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The rate of appearance of deformational fish to the total Mugil cephflus were 4.3% (13 fish), 5.7% (17 fish), relatively high in May and June (dry season). Meanwhile during March and October they were low by 1.0% (3 fish), 2.0% (6 fish). As far as the research areas are concerned, they appeared in larger numbers in downstreams than in upper streams Myeongji (39), Nogsan (25), and Hanam (13). 2. Concerning with fractured parts of vertebraes,86 percent (66 out of 77) had their caudal regions fractured and 72 percent (55) their first to seventh caudal regions fractured. 3. The average levels of cadmium, lead, copper, zinc detected from flesh were 0.26ppm, 2.06ppm, 6.35ppm, 0.85ppm on the other hand, they were 0.22ppm, 1.84ppm, 5.03ppm, 0.93ppm in normal fish. 4. The average levels of cadmium, lead, copper, zinc measured in the bones were 0.39ppm, 2.55ppm, 8.97ppm, 2.73ppm. Meanwhile, from normal fish they were 0.33ppm, 2.25ppm, 7.24ppm, 2.42ppm. 5. Compared with regional heavy metal contamination such as cadium, lead, zinc, Myeongji area had higher contamination content than Nogsan area Nogsan area than Hanam area. 6. Compared with heavy metal contamination level in their tissues, cadmium was highly found in bones Lead and copper were highly detected in viscera. Particularly in skeleton cadmium was 560 times, zinc 160 times in proportion to those in the downstreams of the Nagdong River.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1995

The low concentration of cadmium in the whole-blood was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GFAAS) after the sample was diluted five-fold by 1% Triton X-100, 2% $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$ as matrix modifier and pyrocoated graphite tube with L'vov platform was tried remove the interferences of blood matrix and reduce the loss of volatility of cadmium at higher ashing temperature($600^{\circ}C$). The criteria for evaluating the accuracy and precision of this analysis was confirmed by analysis of interlaboratory comparison(Japan) and NIST SRM No. 909(Cd in Serum). The limit of the determination for cadium was 0.1ng/ml and the relative standard deviation(RSD) at 1.0ng/ml level was about 10% for the GFAAS.