• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.91-100
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the attitude toward cadaver donation and change of intention toward cadaver donation after participation in cadaver dissection among paramedical students, and then to provide basic data to extend wholesome culture toward cadaver donation. Methods: This study was conducted among 298 freshmen via questionnaire survey. The attitude toward the cadaver donation questionnaire consisted of 12 items on a 5 Likert scale. Data were collected before and after participation in cadaver dissection with the agreement of subjects. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. Results: This study showed that attitude toward cadaver donation was significantly different according to gender (p=.027) and major (p=.035). The attitude score toward cadaver donation was 3.45 points. The rate of positive intention toward cadaver donation before participation in cadaver dissection was 46.5%. The rate of change of intention toward cadaver donation after participation in cadaver dissection was 25.9%. Among 25.9% of subjects, the intention of 56.3% was changed from positive to negative, and the intentions of 42.1% changed from negative to positive. Conclusion: The results of this study the need to provide an educational program to improve the understanding and knowledge toward cadaver donation before participation in cadaver dissection among paramedical students.

• Health Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2018

Background: The study is descriptive research study to investigate the self-directed learning ability to explore the facts that influence of anatomy using cadaver dissection beginning nursing students. Methods: A descriptive research design was used. The data was collected from 31st May to 7 June, 2016. The participants were total 121 first-year nursing students in C University. This anatomy practicum course was composed of three session, and each session was composed of 3hours, 60minutes of body structure and anatomy lecture, 90 minutes of cadaver dissection, and 30minutes of summary. Results: The results of the study showed that satisfaction with cadaver dissection was statistically significant in the usefulness in connection with the major of nursing (r=.543, P<.001), educational understanding (r=.465, p<.001), and nursing learning motivation (r=.517, p<.001). As the nursing learning motivation increased, self-directed learning ability increased. Also nursing learning motivation influenced self-directed learning (${\beta}=0.266$, p<.01). Conclusion: It is necessary to develop a program that can link theoretical education with practicum education of anatomy using cadaver dissection for efficient learning of the anatomy major courses of nursing students.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.676-682
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• 2022

Background Virtual education is an evolving method for teaching medical learners. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, remote learning has provided a replacement for conferences, lectures, and meetings, but has not been described as a method for conducting a cadaver dissection. We aim to demonstrate how learners perceive a virtual cadaver dissection as an alternative to live dissection. Methods A virtual cadaver dissection was performed to demonstrate several upper extremity nerve procedures. These procedures were livestreamed as part of an educational event with multimedia and interactive audience questions. Participants were queried both during and after the session regarding their perceptions of this teaching modality. Results Attendance of a virtual dissection held for three plastic surgery training institutions began at 100 and finished with 70 participants. Intrasession response rates from the audience varied between 68 and 75%, of which 75% strongly agreed that they were satisfied with the virtual environment. The audience strongly agreed or agreed that the addition of multimedia captions (88%), magnified video loupe views (82%), and split-screen multicast view (64%) was beneficial. Postsession response rate was 27%, and generally reflected a positive perspective about the content of the session. Conclusions Virtual cadaver dissection is an effective modality for teaching surgical procedures and can be enhanced through technologies such as video loupes and multiple camera perspectives. The audience viewed the virtual cadaver dissection as a beneficial adjunct to surgical education. This format may also make in-person cadaver courses more effective by improving visualization and allowing for anatomic references to be displayed synchronously.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2016

Background: Formaldehyde is used to preserve cadaver in medical schools, and students are exposed to formaldehyde during cadaver dissection classes. When humans are exposed to formaldehyde, it induces mucosal inflammation, skin inflammation, and declining of neurobehavioral function including attention and memory executive functions. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of formaldehyde exposure on student's neurobehavioral performance during cadaver dissection classes. Methods: The level of formaldehyde was measured in a cadaver dissection class. A total of 16 students were randomly divided into two groups. One group wore respiratory protection masks, while the other group did not. Among many subtests in Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral test, backward digit span was tested on all subjects before and after the class. Results: The length of memorized digit span between the two groups was not significant; however there was a greater decrease in neurobehavioral function after formaldehyde exposure in the non-mask group than the mask group. Conclusion: Formaldehyde exposure during cadaver dissection may likely decrease neurobehavioral performance of students. Therefore, proper ventilation system and respiratory protective equipment are necessary to protect medical school students from adverse effects of formaldehyde exposure.

• Anatomy & Biological Anthropology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.159-165
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to identify changes of recognition to death before and after observation on the cadaver dissection to paramedical students. This study was done on 472 freshmen using questionnaire survey. Recognition to death questionnaire was consisted of 36 items. Data were collected before and after observation on the cadaver dissection with agreement of subjects. The data were analyzed using SPSS win 24.0. This study showed that recognition to death was significantly increased after observation on the cadaver dissection (3.19 points) than before observation on the cadaver dissection (3.06 points) (p=.000). Especially, anxiety on death was significantly increased (p=.000), and interest in death was significantly increased, too (p=.000). The results of this study suggest that we need positively to encourage observation on the cadaver dissection for paramedical students with providing program to decrease anxiety on death because of not only improving anatomy knowledge but also increasing recognition to death.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.489-494
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• 2017

Human anatomy courses are one of the most fundamental subjects taught to students in any health-related science field. To improve the quality and to enlarge the scope of human anatomy courses, 130 students (Biomedical Laboratory Science, Physical Therapy, and Occupational Therapy) were given a questionnaire survey. The students were asked question regarding their anatomy course and cadaver dissection class. Specific questions regarding knowledge acquisition before and after the course was queried, in addition to their views on the necessity of cadaver dissection. The survey results indicated that students of all three departments were satisfied with the anatomy course, with no statistical difference in the students' sex or department affiliation. Although there was no difference between the three majors with respect to understanding the course materials, Biomedical Laboratory Science students showed higher satisfaction in this course (p<0.05). Most students, regardless of sex and high school education, stated that cadaver dissection is an important part of the anatomy course. In conclusion, anatomy courses should implement cadaver dissection and actual practice rather than textbook-related studies alone.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.357-360
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• 1997

For medical students and doctors, knowledge of the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of the heart is very important in diagnosis and treatment of the heart diseases. 2-dimensional (2D) tools (e.g. anatomy book) or classical 3D tools (e.g. plastic model) are not sufficient or understanding the complex structures of the heart. Moreover, it is not always guaranteed to dissect the heart of cadaver when it is necessary. To overcome this problem, virtual dissection systems of the heart have been developed. But these systems are not satisfactory since they are made of radiographs; they are not true 3D images; they can not be used to dissect freely; or they can only be operated on the workstation. It is also necessary to make the dissection systems incorporating the various races and tribes because of the organ's difference according to race and tribe. This study was intended to make the 3D image of the heart from a Korean cadaver, and to establish a virtual dissection system of the heart with a personal computer. The procedures or manufacturing this system were as follows. 1. The heart from a Korean adult cadaver was embedded with gelatin solution, and serially cross-sectioned at 1mm-thickness on a meat slicer. Pictures or 153 cross-sectioned specimens were inputted into the computer using a digital camera ($756{\times}504$ resolution, true color). 2. The alignment system was established by means of the language of IDL, and applied to align 2D images of the heart. In each of 2D images, closed curves lining clean and dirty blood pathways were drawn manually on the CorelDRAW program. 3. Using the language of IDL, the 3D image and the virtual dissection system of the heart were constructed. The virtual dissection system of the heart allowed or ree rotation, any-directional sectioning, and selected visualization of the heart's structure. This system is expected to become more advanced, and to be used widely through Internet or CD-title as an educational tool for medical students and doctors.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.57-59
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• 1998

For medical students and doctors, knowledge of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of brain is very important in diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases. Two-dimensional (2D) tools (ex: anatomy book) or traditional 3D tools (ex: plastic model) are not sufficient to understand the complex structures of the brain. However, it is not always guaranteed to dissect the brain of cadaver when it is necessary. To overcome this problem, the virtual dissection programs of the brain have been developed. However, most programs include only 2D images that do not permit free dissection and free rotation. Many programs are made of radiographs that are not as realistic as sectioned cadaver because radiographs do not reveal true color and have limited resolution. It is also necessary to make the virtual dissection programs of each race and ethnic group. We attempted to make a virtual dissection program using a 3D image of the brain from a Korean cadaver. The purpose of this study is to present an educational tool for those interested in the anatomy of the brain. The procedures to make this program were as follows. A brain extracted from a 58-years old male Korean cadaver was embedded with gelatin solution, and serially sectioned into 1.4 mm-thickness using a meat slicer. 130 sectioned specimens were inputted to the computer using a scanner ($420\times456$ resolution, true color), and the 2D images were aligned on the alignment program composed using IDL language. Outlines of the brain components (cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus, thalamus, optic nerve, fornix, cerebral artery, and ventricle) were manually drawn from the 2D images on the CorelDRAW program. Multimedia data, including text and voice comments, were inputted to help the user to learn about the brain components. 3D images of the brain were reconstructed through the volume-based rendering of the 2D images. Using the 3D image of the brain as the main feature, virtual dissection program was composed using IDL language. Various dissection functions, such as dissecting 3D image of the brain at free angle to show its plane, presenting multimedia data of brain components, and rotating 3D image of the whole brain or selected brain components at free angle were established. This virtual dissection program is expected to become more advanced, and to be used widely through Internet or CD-title as an educational tool for medical students and doctors.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.11-23
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• 2017

Anatomy is one of the basic subjects of the nursing course, which is included in the curriculum of the nursing. Anatomy is a basic course for understanding major in nursing and it is the first gateway to acquire expertise. It is mainly opened in nursing and first to second grades. Therefore, students who have advanced to the nursing department have great interest and expectation on the anatomy subjects. In general, nursing students are studying anatomy with theories and models, and some universities practice on tour after dissection of medical consortium for short time. This is called the Cadaver practice. This study was carried out to investigate the thoughts and experiences of bioethics through nursing students' Cadaver practice. The interview data were processed through the analysis and interpretation process using the phenomenological research method, Giorgi method. As a result, 48 semantic units were derived, and then they were divided into 10 subcomponents and divided into 6 categories. As a result of the analysis, the experience of nursing students' bioethics was tied to the topic of six questions. For example, 'what about the respect and responsibility of nursing students in Cadaver?', 'What about your experience with the Cadaver experiment and bioethics?', 'What was the academic achievement of the actual human body structure viewing experience with cadaver?', 'What was the connection with theory?', 'What was your intention to recommend to others?', 'What was your perception and interest in the Cadaver experiment?'. Analyzes were integrated into 10 structures; "Thank you for your donation", "want others to refuse donation", "Burden of practice", "Good opportunities for learning", "Understand better", "Should study harder", "Memory is better", "Compared to theory", "Good experience", "Want to rejoin". The general structural description of the participants' meanings is summarized as follows. Nursing college students who participated in the Cadaver had a gratitude for the donor, but they said they would like to talk to others about donating organs. Before they went to practice, they felt a lot of pressure on the dissection of the cadaver, but they went to the practice and thought that it was a good opportunity to learn by doing well. Specifically, they understood that they had better understanding than the theoretical lesson, and that they were more eager to study their major through practice. In other words, most of them were more memorable and they would like to participate again if the opportunity comes next time. The results of this study show that the practice of Cadaver in nursing college students is very positive in terms of educational effectiveness. However, in terms of bioethics, it can be seen that the education process is somewhat unsatisfactory. Therefore, the systematic bioethics education should be prepared before the practice in the nursing college students' Cadaver practice.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.250-260
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• 2022

Background: Cranial nerve ganglia, which are prone to viral infections and tumors, are located deep in the head, so their detailed anatomy is difficult to understand using conventional cadaver dissection. For locating the small ganglia in medical images, their sectional anatomy should be learned by medical students and doctors. The purpose of this study is to elucidate cranial ganglia anatomy using sectioned images and three-dimensional (3D) models of a cadaver. Methods: One thousand two hundred and forty-six sectioned images of a male cadaver were examined to identify the cranial nerve ganglia. Using the real color sectioned images, real color volume model having a voxel size of 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.4 mm was produced. Results: The sectioned images and 3D models can be downloaded for free from a webpage, anatomy.dongguk.ac.kr/ganglia. On the images and model, all the cranial nerve ganglia and their whole course were identified. In case of the facial nerve, the geniculate, pterygopalatine, and submandibular ganglia were clearly identified. In case of the glossopharyngeal nerve, the superior, inferior, and otic ganglia were found. Thanks to the high resolution and real color of the sectioned images and volume models, detailed observation of the ganglia was possible. Since the volume models can be cut both in orthogonal planes and oblique planes, advanced sectional anatomy of the ganglia can be explained concretely. Conclusions: The sectioned images and 3D models will be helpful resources for understanding cranial nerve ganglia anatomy, for performing related surgical procedures.