• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1627-1634
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• 2018

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing wheat bran for cactus cladodes plus urea (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) on the intake of nutrients, nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis, and rumen fermentation for steers. Methods: Five crossbred steers (1/2 Holstein-Zebu), with rumen cannula and an average body weight of $180{\pm}5.3kg$, were assigned to a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design. Dietary treatments consisted of the replacement of the total of wheat bran in basal diet by cactus cladodes using the following proportions: 0% for basal diet, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% cactus cladodes replacing wheat bran. Urea was added to the diets to adjust the crude protein (CP) content to 130 g/kg dry matter. Results: Maximum dry matter intake (5.73 kg/d) and maximum nitrogen balance (103 g/d) were estimated for 54.6% and 70.8% replacement levels of wheat bran. The maximum microbial protein production (44.6 g/d) was obtained at a replacement level of 49.7%, and a medium value (125 g CP mic/kg total digestible nutrients) of microbial protein efficiency was observed. The rumen pH increased linearly according to cactus cladodes inclusion, while the ammonia nitrogen medium value was 24.5 mg/dL. Conclusion: The replacement of 55% wheat bran for cactus cladodes plus urea in the diet of crossbred steers is recommended.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of different concentrate levels in diets based on cactus Opuntia Stricta (Haw.) Haw cladodes on the performance of lactating Girolando cows. Methods: The experiment involved 10 Girolando multiparous dairy cows at 512.6 kg of body weight (BW) and producing 13.2 kg milk/d, allocated into two 5×5 Latin squares. The experimental treatments consisted of control diet composed by cactus Nopalea cochenillifera. Salm-Dyck. cladodes (Nopalea), forage sorghum silage and concentrate at 20% on dry matter (DM) basis, and four concentrate levels diets (20%, 24%, 28%, and 32%) plus cactus Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. cladodes (Opuntia) and forage sorghum silage. Results: Regarding cows fed control diet, the nutrients intake were greater than for cows fed with cactus Opuntia and concentrate. Regarding concentrate levels, intakes of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), and total digestible nutrients of cows increased linearly. Organic matter, CP, and NDF digestibilities were similar in between to control diet and cactus Opuntia-based diets. The digestibility of NFC increased linearly when the concentrate was inserted. The N balance was the same for control diet and cactus Opuntia-based diets, irrespective the concentrate levels. Conclusion: For cows producing 14 kg/d with 3.5% of fat, it is recommended 32% of concentrate to be included in cactus Opuntia-based diets, and the increase in concentrate level promotes a linear increase in milk yield.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2016

The aim of this work was to select suitable fermentation treatments for the efficient bioconversion of cactus (Opuntia humifusa Raf.) bioactive components with an improved radical scavenging activity for use as a nutraceutical. To obtain microorganisms for the microbial conversion of cactus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC8294, Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC 3099, Lactobacillus plantarum KERI 236 and Monascus pilosus KCCM 60029 (ATCC 22080) were used for fermentation. Fermentation by Lac. plantarum KCTC 3099 was the most effective at scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals and reducing iron (III). In particular, uronic acid levels showed a remarkable increase in fermentation. The polyphenol and quercetin content of the fermented cactus showed large increases from $108.65{\mu}g/mL$ and $2.71{\mu}g/mL$ to $227.83{\mu}g/mL$ and $9.73{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, showing a maximum level at 36 h of fermentation with Lac. plantarum KCTC 3099. Thus, cactus fermentation with Lac. plantarum is an useful process for the enhancement of antioxidant contents and activity of fresh cactus.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.32-36
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• 2018

제주도 해안에서 선인장과의 한국 미기록 식물 Opuntia monacantha Haw.를 처음으로 발견하였다. "왕선인장"으로 명명된 O. monacantha Haw.(선인장과)는 곧추서서 자라며 상부 의가지들이 밑으로 쳐지는 경향이 있다. 그리고, 기존의 "선인장"에 비하여 식물체의 크기나 엽상경이 대형이다. 화피편 뒷면의 중륵에 자주색 줄무늬가 있다. 열매에는 엽침이 존재하지 않으며, 열매의 표면은 자주색을 띠나 과육은 황녹색이다. 종자는 대부분 흔적으로 남아있고 성숙한 종자는 매우 드물다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.356-362
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• 2015

제주산 손바닥 선인장의 엽상경을 열수와 70% 에탄올로 추출한 후 분획하여 총 페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량과 항산화 활성 및 항염증 활성을 측정하였다. 총 페놀 함량은 에틸 아세테이트 분획물이 784 mg GAE/g으로 가장 높았고 그 다음으로 부탄올 분획물(452), 헥산 분획물(220) 순이었다. 총 플라보노이드 함량도 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 214 mg GE/g으로 가장 높았고 헥산 분획물(113), 부탄올 분획물(76) 순이었다. 에틸아세테이트 분획물, 부탄올 분획물, 헥산 분획물의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능($IC_{50}$)은 각각 103, 359, $469{\mu}g/mL$였고, ABTS 라디칼 소거능($IC_{50}$)도 각각 105, 379, $605{\mu}g/mL$로 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 가장 높았다. 유해산소 억제 능력(ORAC)은 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 $391{\mu}M$ TE로 가장 높은 활성을 보였고 부탄올 분획물(117), 헥산 분획물(64) 순이었지만, superoxide anion 소거 활성($IC_{50}$, ${\mu}g/mL$)은 에틸아세테이트 분획물(40), 부탄올 분획물(69), 70% 에탄올(98) 순이었다. RAW264.7 세포에 의한 NO 생성 저해능($IC_{50}$, ${\mu}g/mL$)은 헥산 분획물(62), 에틸아세테이트 분획물(104), 부탄올 분획물(465) 순으로 높은 활성을 보였다. 세포독성 대비 NO 생성 저해 활성을 나타내는 SI 지수는 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 4.63으로 가장 높았고, 다음으로는 헥산 분획물(3.37), 부탄올 분획물(2.14), 증류수 추출물(1.66) 순으로, 양성 대조군으로 사용한 quercetin(6.25)보다는 낮았다. 결론적으로 제주산 손바닥 선인장 엽상경의 추출물과 분획물 중에서 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 항산화 활성과 항염 활성이 가장 높았으며, 이는 총 페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량에 기인하는 것으로 추정되었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.649-661
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• 2015

This research provides insight on the laboratory investigation of the engineering properties of a lateritic soil modified with the mucilage of Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes (MOFIC), which has a history of being used as an earthen plaster. The soil is classified, according to AASHTO classification system, as A-2-6(1). The Atterberg limits, compaction, permeability, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength of the soil were determined for each of 0, 4, 8 and 12% addition of the MOFIC, by dry weight of the soil. The plasticity index, optimum moisture content, swell potential, unconfined compressive strength and permeability decreased while the soaked and unsoaked CBR increased, with increasing MOFIC contents. The engineering properties of the natural soil, which only satisfies standard requirements for use as subgrade material, became improved by the application of MOFIC such that it meets the standard requirements for use as sub-base material for road construction. The effects of MOFIC on the engineering properties of the soil resulted from bioclogging and biocementation processes. MOFIC is recommended for use as a modifier of the engineering properties of soils, especially those with similar characteristics to that of the soil used in this study, to be used as a pavement layer material. It is more economical and environment-friendly than conventional soil stabilizers or modifiers.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.16-27
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• 2019

Generative and vegetative parts of the cactuses have had a long-lasting position in folk medicine and their effects could partly be confirmed in scientific experiments. Nowadays, the cactus, fruits, and cladodes are the focus of many studies because of their desirable properties. Therefore, the summarized reports of valuable properties of medicinal plants may be a good way to familiarize researches with a new source of drugs with lower side effects and higher efficacy. Opuntia dillenii, a well-known member of the Cactaceae family, is used as a medicinal plant in various countries and grows in the desert, semi-desert, tropical and sub-tropical areas. It shows diverse pharmacological activities such as: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, hypotensive etc. OD fruit also possesses valuable constitutes for instance: betalains, ascorbic acid, total phenol, protein as well as essential elements which suggest the significant potential of this plant as a complementary therapy against several pathological conditions. This review describes experimental evidence about pharmacological and therapeutic potential of OD in order to give the basis of its application in the prevention and treatment of some chronic diseases. More studies on OD can help better understanding of its pharmacological mechanism of action to explain its traditional uses and to identify its potential new therapeutic applications.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.767-776
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• 2016

본 연구는 재배지역별 보검선인장의 총 플라보노이드, 총 폴리페놀 함량과 6종의 phenolic acid, 19종의 flavonoids, 6종의 carotenoid를 함량분석하고 DPPH radical과 ABTS radical scavenging 활성을 측정하였다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 남해에서 재배된 ON1 보검선인장이 65.32 mg(+)-catechin/g으로 가장 높게나타났고, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 제주에서 재배된 OJ1 보검선인장이 181.15 mg garlic acid/g으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 6개의 phenolic acid 중에서, protocatechuic acid는 전남 남해산인 ON1과 ON2가 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid 및 trans-ferulic acid는 ON2에서 가장 높게 나타났고, vanillic acid와 p-coumaric acid는 OJ4에서 가장 높은 함량을 보여 재배지역에 따라 페놀산 함량에 차이가 나타났다. 플라보노이드의 경우, quercetin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol은 OJ3 보검선인장에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 각각의 배당체에 대한 함량도 다양하게 나타났다. 보검선인장의 주요 carotenoid는 zeaxzanthin과 capxanthin으로 나타났으며 각각 93.83과 $128.08{\mu}g/g$ DW로 OJ1 보검선인장이 가장 높게 나타났다. DPPH radical과 ABTS radical scavenging 활성의 경우, 총 플라보노이드와 폴리페놀의 함량이 가장 높은 OJ1 보검선인장이 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 플라보노이드와 폴리페놀의 함량이 항산화 효과에 영향을 미치며, phenolic acid, flavonoid, carotenoid의 종류와 함량에 따라 항산화 효과가 다양하게 나타나는 것으로 판단된다.