• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.575-582
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to study the qualitative changes of grafted cactus after harvest and to examine the decomposition characteristics of pathogenic fungi which occurs or grows during the simulated shipping period. Plant materials with four varieties of Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii including, 'Hukwang', 'Huhong', 'Hwangwol', 'Yeunhwa' and two varieties of Chamaecereus silvestrii f. variegate such as 'Goldcrown' and 'Yellowcrown' were used. During the simulated shipping period, the fresh-weight, bulb diameter, carbon dioxide emission rate, and decomposition rate were observed. The regeneration rate and decomposition rate were observed for the grafted cactuses that were placed in a greenhouse environment with a temperature of $28{\pm}12^{\circ}C$ and humidity of $36{\pm}15.3%$ after 40 days of simulated shipping. There were reductions in the fresh-weight and bulb diameter in every variety as time passed while the carbon dioxide emission rate showed no meaningful difference by each variety. Furthermore, the decomposition rate in the scion was higher than in the stock. According to the analysis of pathogenic fungi by decomposition characteristics, Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. in G. mihanovichii var. friedrichii were found and Alternaria sp., Bipolaris sp., Cladospoirum sp. in C. silvestrii f. variegate were identified. Therefore, to maintain and improve the quality of grafted cactus, it is necessary to analyze the factors of decomposition from the time of harvest until the point of export and develop a process technology to minimize the decomposition rate.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.480-491
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• 2017

Fluorescent pseudomonads have been isolated from halophytes, mesophytes, and xerophytes of Pakistan. Among these, eight isolates, GS-1, GS-3, GS-4, GS-6, GS-7, FS-2 (cactus), ARS-38 (cotton), and RP-4 (para grass), showed antifungal activity and were selected for detailed study. Based on biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequences, these were identified as strains of P. chlororaphis subsp. chlororaphis and aurantiaca. Secondary metabolites of these strains were analyzed by LC-MS. Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), 2-hydroxy-phenazine, Cyclic Lipopeptide (white line-inducing principle (WLIP)), and lahorenoic acid A were detected in variable amounts in these strains. P. aurantiaca PB-St2 was used as a reference as it is known for the production of these compounds. The phzO and PCA genes were amplified to assure that production of these compounds is not an artifact. Indole acetic acid production was confirmed and quantified by HPLC. HCN and siderophore production by all strains was observed by plate assays. These strains did not solubilize phosphate, but five strains were positive for zinc solubilization. Wheat seedlings were inoculated with these strains to observe their effect on plant growth. P. aurantiaca strains PB-St2 and GS-6 and P. chlororaphis RP-4 significantly increased both root and shoot dry weights, as compared with uninoculated plants. However, P. aurantiaca strains FS-2 and ARS-38 significantly increased root and shoot dry weights, respectively. All strains except PB-St2 and ARS-38 significantly increased the root length. This is the first report of the isolation of P. aurantiaca from cotton and cactus, P. chlororaphis from para grass, WLIP and lahorenoic acid A production by P. chlororaphis, and zinc solubilization by P. chlororaphis and P. aurantiaca.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.30-42
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate current situation and plant grouping by light and watering of mingled several cacti and succulents in a pot. The main 11 cacti are consist of Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Mart.) Cons., Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii Werd., Marginatocereus marginatus(DC.) Backbg., Eriocactus leninghausii (Hge. Jr.) Backbg, Notocactus scopa (Spreng.) Berg., Lobivia nealeana Backbg., Mammillaria elongata var. intertexta (DC.) SD., Pseudoespostoa (Vp1.) Backbg., Mammillaria albilanata Backbg., Mammillaria klissingiana Bod. and Espostoa lanata (HBK.) Br. & R. The main 10 succulents are Kalanchoe thyrsifolia Harv., Portulacaria afra var. foliis-variegatis Jacobs., Crassula perforata Thunbg., Echeveria pulvinata Rose, Aeonium arboreum cv. atropurpureum., Echeveria lauii Moran & J. Meyran, Pachypodium lamerei Drake, Sedum rubrotinctum cv. Aurora Boom., Aloe mitriformis Mill., and Euphorbia coerulescens Haw. The cacti were native to Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Paraguay, Ecuador, etc. The sucullents were native to Mexico, Africa, Gran Canaria, Madagascar, etc. Most of all the cacti and sucullents in the experiment are growing well under full sun or light shade, however Portulacaria afra var. foliis-variegatis Jacobs, and Sedum rubrotinctum cv. Aurora Boom. did not influenced by light. And all the plants require a little or moderate watering. Thus, planting by similar required water and light, when growing in a pot of several cacti and succulents, might be decreased the rate of death causing by their different plant physiology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.21.1-21
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• 2000

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.361-366
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• 1996

Acceptable fish noodles of better nutritional and sensory values than conventional noodle made only wheat flour were prepared by mixing wheat flour and ground tile fish (Branchioste gus japonicus). In oder to mask a distinctive fish odor, various herbs and spices, such as ginger (Zingiber officinale), curry (Chalcas koenigii), nutmeg (Myristica Pagrans), garlic (Ailium sativum), black pepper (Piper nigrum), lemon (Cirtus limon) or sodachi (Citrus sudachi) were added to the basic tile fish noodle. Also, for the purpose of enhancing eating qual ify and nutritional value of basic noodle were combined some agricultural or fishery products of Cheju island, citrus fruits; danyooja (Citrus danyooga), hagul (C. natfudaidai), medical plants; angelica utilis (Angelica keiskei), ginseng (Panax ginseng), cactus (Opuntia dillenii), vegetable; carrot (Daucus carota), dropwort (Oenanthe jnvanica), seaweeds; fusiforme (Hizkia fusiforme), gulfweed (Sargaceae hlvelium). The optimal mixing ratio for preparing the basic tile fish noodle amounted to ground tile fish 135 g: tile fish stock 139 $m\ell$: wheat flour 450 g: salts 10 g. The mixture of curry powder (2.5 g) and nutmeg powder (2.5 g) was proved to be the most effective combinations for masking unfavorable fish odor. The optimal amounts of materials to be added to the prepared basic noodle were 25 g citrus zest and 80m1 citrus juice for citrus fruits noodles, and ca. 140 g puree for noodles from medical plants, vegetables and seaweeds, respectively. The preference score obtained from consumer preference test, on a 9-point scales, were in oder of i) danyooja > carrot, angelica, ginseng > fusiforme, ii) hagul > dropwort, cactus > gulfweed. The shelf-life of tile fish noodle based on bacterial counting was estimated to be 7-days at 5$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.279-286
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• 2005

The Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Makino (Cactus) is a tropical or subtropical plant, which is cultivated or grows naturally in Jeju island. It has been widely used as folk medicine for burned wound, edema and indigestion. In addition, its extract has been claimed to have several biological activities including anti-inflammation in oriental medicine. In this study, we examined the antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Makino. The extract showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, including antibiotics resistant bacteria (MRSA, R-P. aeruginosa, VRE) and Propionibacterium acnes, yeast, and fungi. The extract retained the activity after heat treatment for 15 min at $100^{\circ}C$ and $121^{\circ}C$ and after extended storage, up to 10 weeks storage period at $4^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$, also stably retained its activity. It showed a better inhibitoring effect to the growth of E. coli than sodium benzoate did it at the same concentration. Addition of various salts or metal ions did not affect on its antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the antimicrobial characteristics of the extract can be applicable as a natural preservative and an antimicrobial agent for bacterial disease.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.452-457
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• 1998

Thirty-eight isolates of Phytophthora sp. caused rots on roots and basal stems were collected from five flowering plants from 1992 to 1997 at eight cultivation areas in Korea. All the isolates were identified as P. nicotianae based on following characteristics. The fungus produced markedly papillate, not caducous and ovoid to spherical sporangia, abundant chlamydospores, and small oospores with amphigynous antheridia only when paired with either A1 or A2 mating type. All isolates grew well at 35$^{\circ}C$ and showed distinct arachnoid colony patterns on CMA and PDA. Sizes of sporangia and chlamydospores of five representative isolates from each plant averaged 43-52$\times$30-38 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 28 ~34 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Mating type of the isolates was either A1 or A2, and oogonia and oospores were measured as 28~31 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 21~25 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. PCR-RFLP analysis of rDNA of the five isolates resulted that restriction band patterns of the small subunit and ITS regions were identical to a perilla isolate of P. nicotianae, but distinct from P. cactorum and P. capsici. Cross inoculation tests showed that the five isolates had pathogenicity to lily, christmas cactus, anthurium, baby's breath and carnation with different degrees. However, each isolate showed stronger pathogenicity to its corresponding original host than others. Among five lily cultivars Georgia and Quririna were more susceptible than Napoli and others. This is first report of Phytophthora root and stem rot of lily, Christmas cactus, anthurium, baby's breath and monochoria in Korea.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.465-476
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a new dynamic reconfiguration method using application-level checkpointing in a grid computing environment with Cactus and Globus. The existing dynamic reconfiguration methods have been dependent on a specific hardware and operating system. But the proposed method performs a dynamic reconfiguration without supporting specific hardwares and operating systems and, an application is programmed without considering a dynamic reconfiguration. In the proposed method, the job starts with an initial configuration of Computing resources and the job restarts including new resources dynamically found at run-time. The proposed method determines whether to include the newly found idle sites by considering processor performance and available memory of the sites. Our method writes the intermediate results of the job on the disks using system-independent application-level checkpointing for real-time visualization during the job runs. After reconfiguring idle sites and idle processors newly found, the job resumes using checkpointing files. The proposed dynamic reconfiguration method is proved to be valid by decreasing total execution time In K*Grid.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.321-324
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• 2008

A new yellow graft cactus Gymnocalycium mihanovichii ${\times}$ marsoneri cv. 'Hangseong' was developed by the National Institute of Horticultural &Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration in 2005. 'Hangseong' was selected from a interspecific crossing between Gymnocalycium mihanovichii and G. marsoneri. In 1998, 2 lines of '9834024' and '9834036' were selected from a crossing between G. mihanovichii 'IG-124' and G. marsoneri 'IG-223'. The 2 lines were crossed between them. In 2001, progenies produced from a crossing of the 2 lines were nursed and, finally yellow colored 'Wonkyo G1-169' was selected through 3 times of characteristic trials. It was named as 'Hangseong' and applied for a variety protection. Characteristics of 'Hangseong' is as follows: The color of body and tubercles is yellow. The shape of glove is flat with 7 to 9 deep ribs. Spine is medium straight with long size and brown color. Growth is fast as to reach 49.5 mm in diameter at 10 month after planting. Propagation ability is good as to set as many as 7.2 tubercles. 'Hangseong' is suitable for export to European countries or America. Characteristics of the cultivar can be maintained by vegetative propagation.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.171-178
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• 2010

This work is for selecting superior media which is similar to Peat Moss that is in general use as media of Gymnocalycium mihanovichii for Export such as 'Hwang wall' but lower price. The result on growth of 7 kinds of media (Peat Moss, BM6 Culture Medium, Coco Peat, Hydro Cray, Hydro Ball, Hugato, Vermiculite) which are applied watering (overhead irrigation, sub irrigation) based on bichemical analysis including chemical, physical analysis are following. The result of bi-chemical analysis shows that Coco Peat was stabilized planting after 90 days and Hydro Ball has high water holding capacity. The experimental result of growth in grafted cactus 'Hwangwall' shows Coco Peat is similar to Peat Moss on organic matter and in case of inorganic media, Hugato, Vermiculite, Hydro Cray made satisfactory results. But, the weight of inorganic media is too light to be tied. Consequently, Coco Peat and sphagnum moss as organic media has lower price and the condition of growth is analogous to Peat Moss. On the other hands, Hydro Ball was chosen as a substitute of Peat Moss in inorganic media.