• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.207-212
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• 2015

Continuous, high-quality supply of electrical energy is the backbone of any modern economy. Any equipment operating at a power station must be reliable and safe. All major power supply components such as transformers, cables, generators, and switchgear need to be kept in perfect operating condition. The lifetime of power cables, used as the main means of transferring electric power, is understood to be about 30 years, from the time of manufacturing. The dielectrics between two conductors of a cable must be able to withstand electrical stresses from high-voltage input. This condition should be verified throughout the lifetime of the cable system. Several techniques, such as VLF-tan${\delta}$, partial discharge, and insulation resistance are used in order to determine the operating conditions of cables. In this paper, we present our work on insulation resistance to diagnose cables in operation at the Western Power station in Taean, Chungcheong Namdo Province, South Korea. As a result we have found cables the life time of which is 38 years.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.05c
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• pp.101-105
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• 2001

For high voltage XLPE power cables, semiconducting layers have been applied to prevent discharge at the interface between conductor and insulation, and/or insulation and external shielding layer. The semiconducting layers may be also effective to release electrical stress in the interface. The property of semiconducting layers are significantly related to the quality and reliability of power cables. Generally, these semiconducting layers are formed by extruding, the conductibility of the material is given by the carbon black mixed with base polymer. The life of power cables is depended on the smoothness of the interface between insulation and semiconducting layer. If the smoothness is no good, the life of power cables is shorter because the electrical stress and water tree is increased. The causes of no good smoothness are the void of the interface, the protrusions, the contaminants and impurities of the semiconducting layer. The selection and dispersion of the Carbon Black is the significant factor to determine the life of power cable in the manufacturing of semiconducting compound.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.104-108
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• 2009

The insulation aging characteristics and structural analysis test were performed to analyze the correlations among the insulation deterioration, diagnostic results and the breakdown strength for the underground power cables. From the results of the degree of crosslinking test, hot-oil test etc., it could be confirmed that there were no manufacturing defects in the power cables under test. From the results of the water tree test and chemical structural analysis, it could be confirmed that the aging status of cable under test were very poor, especially for B-Phase and the degree of aging was increased in the orders of A, C and B-phase. From the above results, it could be concluded that the insulation aging characteristic analysis results were well consistent with the diagnostic and breakdown test results, and also confirmed that the diagnostic system under consideration was successful to discriminate the bad cables which is likely to cause cable system failure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2020

In this study, the objective is to improve the criteria used for statistical comparison of the VLF tanδ (TD) database and failure rate according to water-tree degradation in underground distribution power cables. The aging condition of the KEPCO criteria is divided into 6 levels using the Weibull distribution, and the "failure imminent" condition is quantified by using the statistical end-point of the lifetime parameter of the VLF big-data group obtained from KEPCO. Moreover, new criteria with a 2-dimensional combination of TD, DTD, and a statistical normalized factor are suggested. These criteria exhibit high reproducibility for the detection of cables in an imminent failure state. Consequently, it is expected that the adoption of the extended VLF-2019 criteria will reduce the asset management cost of cable replacement compared to the VLF-2012 criteria of KEPCO.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.48-48
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• 2010

In this paper, we have investigated temperature dependence of dielectric breakdown voltage at epoxy with added nano-filler(MgO), which is used as a filler of epoxy additives for HVDC(high voltage direct current) submarine cable insulating material with high thermal conductivity and restraining tree to improve electrical properties of epoxy resin in high temperature region. In order to find dispersion of the specimen, the cross sectional area of nano-composite material is observed by using the SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) and it is conformed that each specimen is evenly distributed without the cohesion. As a result, it is confirmed that the strength of breakdown of all specimen at 50 [$^{\circ}C$] decreased more than that of the dielectric breakdown strength at room temperature. When temperature increases from 50 [$^{\circ}C$] to 100 [$^{\circ}C$], we have confirmed that breakdown strength of virgin specimen decreases, but specimens with added MgO show constant dielectric breakdown strength.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.45-67
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• 2000

Broadband access technologies plays an important role in the national information infrastructure. In the evolution path of the information infrastructure, the relative economics of alternative access technology is the most critical determining factor. In this paper, we discuss the economics of local loop access technologies of existing technologies, such as, ADSL, HFC, and new PLC. To do this, we suggest appropriate configuration of access network system and its associated numerical equations. To modelize access network system and drive the numerical equations, we consider the DS (Double Star) and the T&B (Tree ＆ Brench) architecture and analyse the adequate block diagram of each access system for each technology We introduce the density of subscriber as a key variable and the equation of allocating optimal number of cell in a service area. We analyze the relative economics of local loop architecture in two different situations, that is, urban and rural. From the empirical implementation, we found that for the case of urban area, where the cost of cable and infrastructure is not necessary, there is not much difference in the cost per one subscriber. However, for the case of rural region, we found that there is remarkable difference in the cost per one subscriber among technologies. Therefore we conclude that the economics of local loop architecture is depend on the density of subscriber and existing network infrastructures. we hope that this paper contribute to the optimal technology selection of consmer, technology Providers, and government.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.37-40
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• 2000

LLDPE using power cable is used in electric insulators or dielectric materials because it is excellent in thermal properties or friendly environment but has defects of tree and accumulation of space charges. For the reason of that, it is blended with EVA to complement those problems. In this study, We made LLDPE/EVA samples that mixture ratio was 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20[W%] and studied physical and dielectric characteristics. We investigated the frequency and temperature dependency of tan 0 for mixtured samples in the temperature range of 25~110$[^{\circ}C]$, frequency range of $20{\sim}1\times10^6$ [Hz].

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.186-192
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• 2008

Cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulators are used as insulation in ultra-high voltage electric power cables. This study investigated the electrical properties of XLPE at different temperatures. The electrical properties of the changing tree phenomenon was examined as a function of temperature applied to the electrical conductors by measuring the partial discharge at $25^{\circ}C$ to $80^{\circ}C$ and applied voltages to the electrodes ranging from 1 kV to 40 kV. The activity of the partial discharge was examined at various temperatures using the K-means distribution. The results revealed the specimen at $80^{\circ}C$ to have the lowest inception voltage and breakdown voltage. In addition, the core of clusters was moved $0^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$ at the positive region and $180^{\circ}$ and $360^{\circ}$ in the negative region in the K-means. The distribution of clusters was concentrated on the inception condition and spread out widely at the breakdown voltage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2014

This study was conducted to provide field-based harvesting study information which can be used to select an optimal cable system for certain work conditions on steep grounds (> $20^{\circ}$ ground slope) in Korea. To accomplish this study objectives, we evaluated three cable yarding systems (RME-300T tower-yarder, Chuncheon tower-yarder, FARMI tractor winch) working in typical work conditions for their yarding productivity and operational efficiency. Those yarders are commonly used for removing logs or trees on steep grounds in Korea. Under the same work conditions (average DBH of tree to be cut, 20 cm; yarding distance, 60 m; lateral yarding distance, 10 m; and machine utilization rate, 70%), the average productivities were $33.04m^3$/day, $38.47m^3$/day, and $14.17m^3$/day for RME-300T, Chuncheon tower-yarder, and FARMI, respectively. Our standardized cost comparison study also showed that the yarding cost was highest at $37,835won/m^3$ with FARMI, followed by RME-300T at $25,105won/m^3$ for the same work conditions. We found the lowest yarding cost with the Chuncheon tower-yarder at $20,520won/m^3$ which was resulted primarily from high yarding productivity at the yarding distance (60 m). Our analysis suggested that a small machine such as FARMI could be a low-cost yarding machine option for a cable yarding job with a short yarding distance (40 m or less). The Chuncheon tower-yarder is well suited for a mid-range yarding distance job in Korea, ranged between 40 to 140 m. If yarding distance were longer than 140 m, the RME-300T tower yarder appears to be most cost-effective.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.31-35
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• 2004

정보통신 기술의 발달과 디지털 방송의 시작, 뉴미디어의 출현으로 인한 통신과 방송의 융합은 가속화되고 있다. 또한 2010년까지 광대역통신망 BcN과 홈네트워크 구축을 위한 정부정책이 실행 중에 있다. 100Mbps의 전송속도를 구현해야 하는 광대역 통신망(BcN)을 위해 기존 인터넷 백본 1)망은 잘 구축이 되어 있으나 가입자까지의 망 구조에 많은 문제점을 앉고 있다. 기존 전화국을 이용한 XDSL과 지역 SO를 활용한 Cable Modem의 경우 병목현상과 이론상 속도 또한 BcN과 통방통합이 요구하는 50-100Mhz의 전송속도를 만족하지 못한다. 새로운 망 구조를 구축하기 위해 많은 비용과 시간의 소요가 예상된다 가입자 망 구축에 따른 많은 방법과 이론이 제시되고 있다. 똔 논문에선 지역 SO를 활용하여 가입자까지 망을 통방통합과 BcN에 적합한 가입자 망을 새롭게 구성하는 것을 목표로 한다. 먼저 지역 50의 망을 활용하기 위해선 기존 KT와 파워콤의 COF(Glass Optical Fiber)망과 지역 케이블 SO의 HFC 망을 이용하기에는 동축케이블 망의 물리적 특성에 따른 한계로 통방통합과 BcN에 부적합하다. Tree And Branch 구조의 HFC망 대신 $SMF^{2)}$의 기존 SO의 자가망을 새롭게 설계하고 광분배망 기술인 $E-PON^{3)}$방식을 접목시켜 최대한 동축망을 사용하지 않고 굴곡 특성에 약한 $FOG^{4)}$의 특성을 극복하기 위해 $POF^{5)}$망을 이용하여 댁내 홈게이트웨이까지 연결하는 방식으로 지역 SO를 거점으로 활용하여 댁내까지 FHHT와 홈 네트워크까지의 가입자 망을 새롭게 구성하고자 한다. 저장의 효율성을 위해 이진 포멧인 IPMP화된 MP4 파일을 생성할 수 있다.으로써, 에러 이미지가 가지고 있는 엔트로피에 좀 근접하게 코딩을 할 수 있게 되었다. 이 방법은 실제로 Arithmetic Coder를 이용하는 다른 압축 방법에 그리고 적용할 수 있다. 실험 결과 압축효율은 JPEG-LS보다 약 $5\%$의 압축 성능 개선이 있었으며, CALIC과는 대등한 압축률을 보이며, 부호화/복호화 속도는 CALIC보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다.우 $23.87\%$($18.00\~30.91\%$), 갑폭 $23.99\%$($17.82\~30.48\%$), 체중 $91.51\%$($58.86\~129.14\%$)이였으며 성장율은 사육 온도구간별 차는 없었다.20 km 까지의 지점들(지점 2에서 지점 6)에서 매우 높은 값을 보이며 이는 조석작용으로 해수와 담수가 강제혼합되면서 표층퇴적물이 재부유하기 때문이라고 판단된다. 영양염류는 월별로 다소의 차이는 있으나, 대체적으로 지점 1과 2에서 가장 낮고, 상류로 갈수록 점차 증가하며 지점 7 상류역이 하류역에 비해 높은 농도이다. 월별로는 7월에 규산염, 용존무기태질소 및 암모니아의 농도가 가장 높은 반면에 용존산소포화도는 가장 낮다. 그러나 지점 14 상류역에서는 5월에 측정한 용존무기태질소, 암모니아, 인산염 및 COD 값이 7월보다 다소 높거나 비슷하다. 한편 영양염류와 COD값은 대체적으로 8월에 가장 낮으나 용존산소포화도는 가장 높다.출조건은 $100^{\circ}C$에서 1분간의 고온단시간 추출이 적합하였다. 증가를 나타내었는데