• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1988.07a
• /
• pp.799-801
• /
• 1988

This paper was studied on the effects of Ca-La-Nb substitution and Zr/Ti ratio variation to Pb(Zr, Ti)$O_3$ system on structural, electrical, optical and sound level characteristics in order to develope the piezoelectric and electrooptic ceramic devices. Also the specimens were prepared by the two stage sintering technique. The molecular formular was X($CaO{\cdot}1/4La_{2}O_{3}{\cdot}1/4Nb_{2}O_{5}){\cdot}(1-X)Pb(Zr_{Y}Ti_{1-Y})O_{3}$(x=100X, y=100Y), and the variation of x was $6{\sim}12$, y was 60${\sim}$49 and second stage sintering time was 20${\sim}$40 hours. The experimental results obtained from this study are as follows : 1. The density was decreased, the grain size was increased according to increase of Ca-La-Nb substitution. 2. The crystal structure was rhombohedral in composition 6/60/40, and the crystal structure was tetragonal and cubic according to increase of Ca-La-Nb substitution. 3. The Ca substitution of PZT system enhanced the sintering property. The Pb site vacancy resulting from the substitution of La-Nb increased the dielectrical constant, the piezoelectric charge constant, the dielectric loss and decreased the coercive field. 4. The resistivity of PZT system which has the P type conduction mechanism increased according to substitution of La-Nb because of the substituent acting as donor. 5. The PZT ceramics varied from ferroelectric substance according to increase of Ca-La-Nb substituent. The coercive field and saturation remanent polarization decreased, and at last straight line according to increase of La-Nb substitution. 6. The amount of Ca-La-Nb substitution to improve the light transmittance of speciment was 10 mol%, the Zr/Ti ratio was 49/51, and the second stage sintering time was 40 hours. 7. According to Ca-La-Nb substitution, the specimens was to be transparent. The 7.5/51/49 specimen was suitable for transparent sound vibrator because it had 58% light transmittance (thick 0.2[mm], wave length 700[mm]) and 48% electromechanical coupling factor.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.31 no.12
• /
• pp.1521-1528
• /
• 1994

To improve mechanical strength of bioglass, it is considered to use the glass as a coating material to alumina, but the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between two materials is too high to make a good coating. The aim of the present study, therefore, is to find out proper glass composition matching its thermal expansion coefficient to that of alumina without losing biocompatibility. In the present work, various glasses were prepared by substituting B2O3 and CaO for Na2O in the glass system of 55.1%SiO2-2.6%P2O5-20.1%Na2O-13.3%CaO-8.9%CaF2 (in mole%), and the thermal expansion property and reaction property in tris-buffer solution for the resulting glasses were measured. The thermal expansion coefficient of the glass was decreased with the substitution of B2O3 for Na2O, and it became close to that of alumina in the glass in which 8 mole% of CaO was substituted for Na2O. Hydroxyapatite formation was enhanced and silica rich layer thickness was decreased with B2O3 substitution for Na2O. CaO substitution for Na2O didn't deteriorated the hydroxyapatite development.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.635-641
• /
• 1995

The effects of A-site substitution with alkaline-earth ions (Ca, Sr and Ba) on the perovskite-phase formation and dielectric properties for Pb1-xMx(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (0.0 x 0.5)-based relaxors were studied. Considerable improvements in the sinterability and the extent fo perovskite formation were observed with increasing the A-site substitution (x) and sintering temperature. The maximum dielectric permittivity appeared at x=0.1 for Sr and Ba substitutiion, while the relative dielectric permittivity was almost invariant in the case of Ca ion substitution. Curie temperature decreased with increasing relative amount of Sr and Ba ions but was almost invariant in case of Ca ion substitution. With increasing the amount of x, the diffuseness parameter ($\delta$) increased but the maximum dielectric constant decreased, demonstrating an enhanced diffuse phase transition (DPT) in the presence of alkaline-earth cations.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.37 no.8
• /
• pp.787-791
• /
• 2000

Samples with the nominal composition, Bi2-xGexSr2CaCu2O8＋$\delta$ (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. We have studied the effect of substitution Ge for Bi and investigated the superconducting properties by changing oxygen content with Ge substitution. It was found that temperature difference, ΔK, between TCon and TCzero was considerably smaller in the samples prepared by the intermediate pressing method than that in the samples by the solid-state reaction method. We found the solubility limit of Ge to the 80 K single phase was around x=0.3. Within the solubility limit, lattice constant c decreased with the increase of x. In the region of the 80K single phase, the onset critical temperature TCon increased and excess oxygen content decreased with increase of x.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.28 no.9
• /
• pp.689-695
• /
• 1991

Dielectric properties of Ba1-$\chi$Sr$\chi$Ti1-yCayO3-y ceramics, where Sr and Ca were doped to Ba-site and Ti-site within the range of 0 x 0.24 and 0 y 0.05, respectively, were investigated. The substitution of Ca for Ti, which maintained the high resistivity of these formulations after sintering in a reducing atmosphere, was confirmed. Ca addition decreased the tetragonality c/a, increased the unit cell volume, and lowered Curie temperature, which were attributed to the occupancy of Ca2+ ions on Ti-sites. The lowering of Curie temperature by Ca addition was affected by the substitution of Sr for Ba-site; within 2 mol% of Ca, Curie temperature was lowered at a rate of 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 16$^{\circ}C$ per mol% of Ca at x=0 and x=0.08, respectively. Whereas the resistivity of the formulations without Ca was reduced to 107 {{{{ OMEGA }}cm, when sintered at low oxygen partial pressure of 10-9 MPa, the resistivity value higher than 1011 {{{{ OMEGA }}cm was maintained for the formulations containing Ca more than 0.5 mol%. Dielectric loss factor, tan$\delta$, was about 1% for most formulations.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.43 no.5 s.288
• /
• pp.284-292
• /
• 2006

$MgTiO_3{\cdot}CaTiO_3{\cdot}SrTiO_3$ system ceramics (MCST) were synthesized to study the effect of Ca addition amount and Sr substitution on temperature coefficient of resonance sequency. Temperature coefficient of resonance frequency was slightly increased by small amount ($i.e.{\sim}5%$) of Sr substitution. In case of 50% to 75% addition amount of $MgTiO_3$, decrease of quality factor was not observed with increasing dielectric constant.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.20-29
• /
• 1996

Sr0.6Ca0.4CuO2 single crystal has been synthesized by flux method and characterized by the single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound has the orthorhombic system and the space group is Cmcm(63), lattice parameters are a=3.4645Å, b=16.1417Å, c=3.8727Å. In the (Sr1-xCax)CuO2 compound the limit of Ca from substitution for Sr was determined by the change of bond length. For this, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDAX) and electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) were used. From the change of Cu-O bond length as the Ca substitution, we concluded the limit of Ca incorporation Xca≒0.73.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.14-18
• /
• 2023

We have investigated the behavior induced by Ga substitution in B-1212 system and observed an anomalous superconductor-like resistivity drop with an onset near 260 K and an offset at 248 K in the nominal (B_0.65Ga_0.35)(Ba_1.25Sr_0.75)(Er_0.5Ca_0.5)Cu₂O_z compound. However, this property degraded with repeated cycling. Systematic studies of the superconducting properties of the (B_1-xGa_x)(Ba_1.25Sr_0.75)(Er_0.5Ca_0.5)Cu₂O_z compounds are reported and discussed in the context of the anomalous resistivity transition.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.28 no.11
• /
• pp.935-941
• /
• 1991

Effects of calcination process and ZrO2 addition on the electrical properties of [(Ba0.82Sr0.08Ca0.1)O]m(Ti1-$\chi$Zr$\chi$)O2 ceramics have been investigated. With the variation of A/B-site ratio m of the dielectric formulations, sintering behavior and the resistivity after sintering in a reducing atmosphere have been affected by the calcination process. When the dielectric formulations of m=1.01 were sintered in a reducing atmosphere, the room-temperature resitivity of 109 {{{{ OMEGA }}.cm was obtained for samples processed with two-step calcination, which was much lower than 1012 {{{{ OMEGA }}.cm of samples calcined once. It was confirmed that high resistivity of Ca-doped BaTiO3 ceramics, after sintering in a reducing atmosphere, is maintained by acceptor-like behavior of CaTi" which is formed by Ca substitution to Ti-site. It was also found out that the critical amount of B-site Ca substitution for reduction inhibition of BaTiO3 is around 0.005 mol. With the increasing amount of ZrO2 addition to dielectric formulations, Curie peak was depressed and Curie temperature was lowered due to the enhanced diffuse phase transition.tion.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.405-409
• /
• 2003

The effect of substitution of Gd ions for Ca ions in the B $i_{1.84}$P $b_{0.34}$S $r_{1.91}$(C $a_{1-x}$ G $d_{x}$)$_{2.03}$ C $u_{3.06}$ $O_{ 10+{\delta}}$/ (x=0.0~0.06) was investigated by measuring x-ray diffraction patterns, lattice constants, do resistivity and Hall effect. We found the solubility limit of Gd in the 110 K phase to be x < 0.015. Within the solubility limit, the c-axis seemed to decrease with increasing x. In the region of the 110 K single phase, the critical temperature $T_{c}$ gradually decreased with an increasing the Gd concentration x, corresponding to a small change of the carrier concentration.