• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 1991

Addition of salts or their mixtures and microwave heating were studies for their effects on Kakdugi fermentation. The Kakdugi, a Korean fermented Chinese radish, were prepared by salting in 15% NaCl solution and fermented at $25^{\circ}C$. From the results, a first order reaction relationship was found between salt permeated into the radish and time during brining in $5{\sim}10%$ NaCl solution. Addition of 0.05M KCl into 15% NaCl brining solution or microwave heating of salted radish for 3 minutes showed a little decreasing effect on Kakdugi fermentation rate while beating for 1 or 2 minuted resulted a rather increase. When three different salt mixtures in the concentration range of $0.001{\sim}0.01\;M$ were added into half fermented Kakdugi(appr. pH 4.4), the fermentation was greatly controlled based on pH change. Among the salt mixtures, mixture III$(Na_2HPO_4,\;Na_2PO_4,\;NaNO_2,\;Ca\;EDTA,\;Sod.\;citrate)$ showed a most significant effect where the time required to reach pH 4.0 after addition was extended by more than 6 folds when it was compared to the control method.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.127-132
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• 2013

This study shows an air-purification test by the UV lamp on which TiO2 catalyst is deposited with glass fiber in the reactor chamber. This test was based on the fundamental data of air-purifier as assessing a removing ability on various contaminants such as CH3COOH, NH3, NO and SO2 as variation of the TiO2 coating, the wave of UV lamp, and the additive CaO. As a result, the highest decomposing removal ratio was shown when 5-times coated glass fiber was used. It can be due to the recombination reaction of electrons and electron-hole in the loaded CaO. Thus, the decomposing removal ratio increased as the recombination ratio decreased. In addition, it was confirmed that the decomposing removal ratio lowered when CaO was considerably deposited because it hided the lamp of OH-1 radical.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2002.05b
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• pp.471-474
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• 2002

SA treatment significantly increased thermotolerance In cucumber seedlings. Pretreatment of seeds with $CaCl_2$ solution enhanced the SA- induced thermotolerance. On the contrary, pretreatment with the $Ca^{2+}$ chelator EGTA lowered this SA-induced thermotolerance. In addition, pretreatment with $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker verapamil also weakened the SA-induced thermotolerance. However, the calmodulin antagonist chlorpromazine(CPZ) had little effect on the SA-induced thermotolerance. Measurement of activity of the antioxidant enzyme APX and the level of lipid peroxidation (in term of MDA) indicated that heat stress induced an oxidative stress in cucumber seedlings. SA treatment induced higher activities of APX and a lower level of lipid peroxidation. $Ca^{2+}$ pretreatment further enhanced the SA-induced increase in APX activity and lowered the heat stress-induced lipid peroxidation, but EGTA pretreatment had a contrary effect. These results suggest that $Ca^{2+}$ and calmodulin may be involved In the acquisition of the SA-induced thermotolerance; antioxidant enzyme system take part in the final generation of the SA-induced thermotolerance.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.38.1-38.1
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• 2013

We present the Yonsei evolutionary population synthesis (YEPS) models based on the high-resolution empirical spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We have adopted the MILES library in the optical wavelength, and our new models based on the MILES library show good agreements with our previous models presented in the YEPS I. The effect of hot horizontal-branch (HB) stars on the integrated properties of simple stellar populations (SSPs) is again confirmed by our models based on empirical SEDs. In addition, we have extended our empirical models to the near-IR wavelength and predicted the strengths of the calcium II triplet (CaT) and the Paschen triplet (PaT) based on the INDO-US and the Cenarro library. We find that the effect of HB stars and the age of SSPs on the CaT is almost negligible. On the other hands, the PaT models are very sensitive to the existence of hot stars, e.g., HB stars and young turn-off stars, and show very similar results with Balmer lines. Interestingly, the CaT distribution of GCs in NGC 1407, which is at odds with the optical (B-I) color distribution, can be explained by the unique feature of the CaT-[Fe/H] relations that show almost the same equivalent widths in the metal-rich regime. We will also discuss the impact of the second-generation populations on the strength of the CaT.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.3572-3590
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• 2014

Cellular automata (CA) based cryptosystem has been studied for almost three decades, yet most of previously reported researches focus on the symmetric key encryption schemes. Up to now, few CA based public key encryption scheme has been proposed. To fill the gap, in this paper, we propose a new public key encryption scheme based on layered cellular automata (LCA). Specifically, in the proposed scheme, based on the T-shaped neighborhood structure, we combine four one-dimensional reversible CAs (set as the private key) to form the transition rules of a two-dimension CA, where the two-dimension CA is set as the corresponding public key. Based on the hardness assumption of the Decisional Dependent CA problem in LCA, we formally prove the proposed scheme is indistinguishably secure against the chosen-plaintext attack (IND-CPA). In addition, we also use a numeric example to demonstrate its feasibility. Finally, analysis of key space and time efficiency are also carried out along with RSA-1024, and the simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme is more efficient.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 1994

This study was carried out to elucidate the excitatory mechanisms of Substance P in the antral circular muscle, using isometric contraction recording, conventional microelectrode method and whole-cell patch clamp technique. Substance P produced tonic and phasic contractions in a dose-dependent manner and depolarized membrane potential with increased amplitude of slow waves in muscle strips. Voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ currents were increased by the application of Substance P from a holding potential of -60mV to 50mV in 10mV steps and this effect was blocked by the addition of an antagonist. Also Substance P increased transient and spontaneous oscillatory $K^+$ outward currents. The enhanced outward currents were abolished by apamin in dispersed single cells. These results suggest that the depolarization of membrane potential by Substance P activates voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channels, which represents an excitatory response in the antral circular muscle and led to an increase in $Ca^{2+}\;activated\;K^+\;currents$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.887-892
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• 1999

The inner crack-like pore with controlled amount of Ca impurity in the high purity alumina single crystal sapphire had been created by micro-fabrication technique which includes ion implanation photo-lithography Ar ion milling and hot press technique. The crack-like pores in two-hour hot pressed specimen were extremely stable even after heat treating at 1,80$0^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours almost no healing was observed. But the crack-like pores in one-hour hot pressed specimen at 1,30$0^{\circ}C$ were healed by heat treatment and the amount of healing was increased with the heat treatment time and temperature and the amount of Ca addition. The edges of crack-like pore parallel to <1100> direction in (001) basal plane were stable but the edges normal to this direction in (00101) plane <1120> direction were unstable to facetting This means that the surface energy of alumina along the <1100> direction in (0001) basal plane in much lower than <1120> direction.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.394-399
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• 2013

Astragalus membranaceus Bunge is used in herbal medicine in Eastern Asian countries including Korea. In this study, we assessed the effects of A. membranaceus extract (AM) on the aquaporin-3 (AQP3) protein expression in HaCaT cells. AM did not affect viability of HaCaT cells. AQP3 expression and cell migration seem to be maximal at $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitor, PD153035, blocked AM-induced AQP3 expression and cell migration. In addition, an 80% ethanol extracts of herbal prescription, SinhyoTakleesan (ST), which is composed of A. membranaceus, Angelicae gigantis, Glycyrrhiza glabra Linne, and Lonicera japonica Flos also induced AQP3 expression at $20{\mu}g/mL$ in HaCaT cells. Collectively, these results suggest that AM induce AQP3 expression via EGFR pathway.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.495-500
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• 2015

Up-regulation of cell adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines contributes to enhanced monocyte adhesiveness and infiltration into the skin, during the pathogenesis of various inflammatory skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of butein, a tetrahydroxychalcone, and its action mechanisms using TNF-α-stimulated keratinocytes. Butein significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced ICAM-I expression and monocyte adhesion in human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Butein also decreased TNF-α-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6, IP-10 and MCP-1, in HaCaT cells. Butein decreased TNF-α-induced ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner in HaCaT cells. In addition, treatment of HaCaT cells with butein suppressed TNF-α-induced MAPK activation. Furthermore, butein suppressed TNF-α-induced NF-kappaB activation. Overall, our results indicate that butein has immunomodulatory activities by inhibiting expression of proinflammatory mediators in keratinocytes. Therefore, butein may be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(9): 495-500]

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.364-372
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• 1998

Effects of Si and Ca additions on the mechanical properties of AM60 based Mg alloys have been investigated. Hardness of the AM60 based Mg alloys reached a maximum value after aging for approximately 33 hours but the amount of hardness increase was negligible. The poor age hardening response of the alloys was due to low Al content, which implies that Al content must be >6 wt.% to observe age hardening effect. The tensile and yield strength increased with increasing Al, Si, and Ca content but elongation decreased with increasing Al and Si content. The best mechanical properties obtained in AM 40-2.5Si-0.2Ca alloy after T4 heat treatment were as follows; tensile strength 193.4 MPa, yield strength 79.2 MPa, and elongation 11.2%. High temperature property obtained from creep test was also improved by introducing $Mg_2Si$ which has high hardness, high melting temperature and low thermal expansion coefficient.