• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.384-385
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• 1999

Two anhydrous crystal structures of fully dehydrated, $Ca^{2+}$- and $Tl^+$-exchanged zeolite X, TEX>$Ca_{18}Tl_{56}Si_{100}Al_{92}O_{384}($Ca_{18}Tl_{56}$-X;\alpha=24.883(4)\AA)$ and TEX>$Ca_{32}Tl_{28}Si_{100}Al_{92}O_{384}($Ca_{32}Tl_{28}$-X;\alpha=24.973(4)\AA)$ per unit cell, have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd3 at $21(1)^{\circ}C.$ $Ca_{18}Tl_{56}-X$ was prepared by ion exchange in a flowing stream of 0.045 M aqueous $Ca(NO_3)_2$ and 0.005 M $TlNO_3$. $Ca_{32}Tl_{28}-X$ was prepared similarly using a mixed solution of 0.0495 M $Ca(NO_3)_2$ and 0.0005M $TlNO_3$. Each crystal was then dehydrated at 360 $^{\circ}C$ and $2{\times}10^{-6}$ Torr for 2 days. Their structures were refined to the final error indices, $R_1=0.039\;and\;R_2=0.036$ with 382 reflections for $Ca_{18}Tl_{56}-X$ , and $R_1=0.046\;and\;R_2=0.045$ with 472 reflections for $Ca_{32}Tl_{28}$-X for which $/>3\sigma(I).$ In the structures of dehydrated $Ca_{18}Tl_{56^-}X\;and\;Ca_{32}Tl_{28}$-X, $Ca^{2+}\;and\;Tl^+$ ions are located at six crystallographic sites. Sixteen $Ca^{2+}$ ions fill the octahedral sites I at the centers of double six rings ($Ca_{18}Tl_{56}$-X:Ca-O=2.42(1) and O-Ca-O=93.06(4)$^{\circ}$; $Ca_{32}Tl_{28}$-X Ca-O=2.40(1) $\AA$ and O-Ca-O=93.08(3)$^{\circ}$). In the structure of $Ca_{18}Tl_{56}$-X, another two $Ca^{2+}$ ions occupy site II (Ca-O=2.35(2) $\AA$ and O-Ca-O=111.69(2)$^{\circ}$) and twenty six $Tl^+$ ions occupy site II opposite single six-rings in the supercage; each is 1.493 $\AA$ from the plane of three oxygens $(Tl-O=2.70(8)\AA$ and O-Tl-O=92.33(4)$^{\circ}$). About four $Tl^+$ ions are found at site II',1.695 $\AA$ into sodalite cavity from their three oxygen plane (Tl-O=2.81 (1) and O-Tl-O=87.48(3)). The remaining twenty six $Tl^+$ ions are distributed over site III'(Tl-O=2.82 (1) $\AA$ and Tl-O=2.88(3)$^{\circ}$). In the structure of $Ca_{32}Tl_{28}$-X, sixteen $Ca^{2+}$ ions and fifteen $Tl^+$ ions occupy site III' (Ca-O=2.26(1) $\AA$ and O-Ca-O=119.14(4)$^{\circ}$; Tl-O=2.70(1) $\AA$ and O-Tl-O=92.38$^{\circ}$) and one $Tl^+$ ion occupies site II'. The remaining twelve $Tl^+$ ions are distributed over site III'. It appears that $Ca^{2+}$ ions prefer sites I and II in that order and $Tl^+$ ions occupy the remaining sites.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1998

This study has been designed in order to examine a physiological role of $Ca^{2+}$ which has been known as an essential factor for capacitation, to confirm whether the enzyme activity of $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase on capacitation is important or not, and to clarify relationship between various levels of the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase which has been known to be an important factor of the plasma membranes. In the present study applying quercetin, a $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase inhibitor, the enzymatic effect of $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase on capacitation was found to be remarkable: a significant increase of the transition from the original type (type A) to the type B and the type AR of the spermatozoa. This finding suggests that $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase plays an important role in the efflux and the influx of the $Ca^{2+}$ which has been known to be an essential factor the capacitation and acrosome reaction, and that the inhibitory action of the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase might be a prerequsite step toward the acrosome reaction. The conclusion reached can be deduced as follows: increment of the intracelluar $Ca^{2+}$ concentration occurred by controlling the slope of $Ca^{2+}$ concentration through $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase activities in both the intra- and extracelluar fluid may be an important procedure for capacitation and acrosome reaction, and ultimately for fertilization of the spermatozoa and the ova.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6569-6573
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• 2015

Objective: To evaluate the application value of serum CA19-9, CEA, CA125 and CA242 in diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer cases treated with concurrent chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: 52 patients with pancreatic cancer, 40 with benign pancreatic diseases and 40 healthy people were selected. The electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method was used for detecting levels of CA19-9, CEA and CA125, and a CanAg CA242 enzyme linked immunoassay kit for assessing the level of CA242. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for analyzing the prognostic factors of patients with pancreatic cancer. The Cox proportional hazard model was applied for analyzing the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidential interval (CI) for survival time of patients with pancreatic cancer. Results: The levels of serum CA19-9, CEA, CA125 and CA242 in patients with pancreatic cancer were significantly higher than those in patients with benign pancreatic diseases and healthy people (P<0.001). The sensitivity of CA19-9 was the highest among these, followed by CA242, CA125 and CEA. The specificity of CA242 is the highest, followed by CA125, CEA and CA19-9. The sensitivity and specificity of joint detection of serum CA19-9, CEA, CA125and CA242 were 90.4% and 93.8%, obviously higher than single detection of those markers in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The median survival time of 52 patients with pancreatic cancer was 10 months (95% CI7.389~12.611).. Patients with the increasing level of serum CA19-9, CEA, CA125, CA242 had shorter survival times (P=0.047. 0.043, 0.0041, 0.029). COX regression analysis showed that CA19-9 was an independent prognostic factor for patients with pancreatic cancer (P=0.001, 95%CI 2.591~38.243). Conclusions: The detection of serum tumor markers (CA19.9, CEA, CA125 and CA242) is conducive to the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and joint detection of tumor markers helps improve the diagnostic efficiency. Moreover, CA19-9 is an independent prognostic factor for patients with pancreatic cancer.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2004

Effects of dietary calcium lactate (CaL-A) and Chungkukjang (Korean native fermented soybean) on bone mass, calcium status, body weight, serum glucose and cholesterol levels in young male rats were investigated. Chungkukjang was fermented by mixing 4 types of Bacillus sp., and then dried at 45$^{\circ}C$. Calcium lactate was prepared from the ash of black snail. The rats were fed a commercial rat diet for 1 week and then the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Animals were divided into four dietary groups: one calcium-deficient diet (Ca-De) and one of three with calcium supplemented diets (5 g calcium/kg diet) with either calcium phosphate (Ca-P), CaL-A, or CaL-A + Chuntkukjang (CaL-AC). Calcium supplemented diets contained 39 g Ca-P/kg diet and 28 g/kg of calcium lactate in the CaL-A and CaL-AC diets. Body weight gains during the 4 weeks in the Ca-P, CaL-A, CaL-AC and Ca-De groups were 130.45 g,112.50 g, 143.40 g and 10.20 g, respectively. Feed consumption of the groups from high to low was CaL-AC > Ca-P > CaL-A > Ca-De. The Ca-De group had low femur weights and low serum calcium concentrations, while they were comparatively high in CaL-AC, Ca-P and CaL-A groups. The Ca-De groups excreted less calcium in urine than did the other rats, probably due to increased absorption of the mineral in Ca-P, CaL-A and CaL-AC groups. Microscopic observations revealed that there were many regularly spaced holes in the femur of Ca-De group, while there were much smaller regularly spaced holes in Ca-P group. However, no holes in femur were observed in the CaL-A and CaL-AC groups. Bone surfaces were especially smooth and clean in the CaL-AC group. Serum concentrations of glucose and total cholesterol were remarkably lower in the CaL-AC group than in the other supplemented groups. These results suggest that calcium from CaL-A has higher bioavailability than from Ca-P, and dietary Chungkukjang may have a beneficial effect on calcium metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.412-419
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• 2004

To investigate the utilization of calcium lactates (CaL) as coagulants for tofu manufacture, the quality characteristics and shelf-life of tofu made by CaL-P (black snail powder) and CaL-A (black snail ash) were investigated and compared to calcium chloride (CC), magnesium chloride (MC), calcium sulfate (CS ) and standard calcium lactate (CaL-S). And also, total microbe and turbidity of the tofu were determined during storage at 1$0^{\circ}C$. Coagulation ability of CaL-A was the highest, and the ability of CaL-P was higher than that of CaL-S. Yield of CaL-A tofu was similar to those of CS and CC tofu, while the yield of CaL-P tofu was 50% compared to that of CC. L＊ value of CaL-P tofu was lower, but a＊ and b＊ values were higher than those of other tofus. The hardness of tofu showed in the order of CaL-S>CS>CC>CaL-P>MC>CaL-A, while the cohesiveness showed in the order of MC>CaL-S>CC>CS>CaL-P>CaL-A. Calcium contents were 57 mg% in MC tofu, 174 mg% in CS tofu, 116 mg% in CaL-S tofu, 95 mg% in CaL-A tofu and 172 mg% in CaL-P tofu. From the results of microscopic observations, the lower hardness showed the more soft and the smaller particle. The particle of CaL-A tofu was small and uniformity but the size of CaL-P and CC tofu showed coarse. Sensory quality of CaL-P and -A tofu were better than the other tofu evaluated by texture, springiness, flavor and overall taste. The shelf-life estimated by total microbe was 4∼6 days in CC, MC, CS, CaL-S and CaL-A tofu, but 8 days in CaL-P tofu at 1$0^{\circ}C$. From the above results, the CaL-P and -A may believe to use as coagulant for tofu manufacture due to its softened taste and enhanced shelf-life, and higher calcium content which has higher absorbability in human body.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10267-10272
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• 2015

To evaluate the value of combined detection of serum CEA, CA19-9, CA24-2, AFP, CA72-4, SCC, TPA and TPS for the clinical diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer and to analyze the efficacy of these tumor markers (TMs) in evaluating curative effects and prognosis. A total of 573 patients with upper GIT cancer between January 2004 and December 2007 were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of CEA, CA19-9, CA24-2, AFP, CA72-4, SCC, TPA and TPS were examined preoperatively and every 3 months postoperatively by ELISA. The sensitivity of CEA, CA19-9, CA24-2, AFP, CA72-4, SCC, TPA and TPS were 26.8%, 36.2%, 42.9%, 2.84%, 25.4%, 34.6%, 34.2% and 30.9%, respectively. The combined detection of CEA+CA199+CA242+CA724 had higher sensitivity and specificity in gastric cancer (GC) and cardiac cancer, while CEA+CA199+CA242+SCC was the best combination of diagnosis for esophageal cancer (EC). Elevation of preoperative CEA, CA19-9 and CA24-2, SCC and CA72-4 was significantly associated with pathological types (p<0.05) and TNM staging (p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that CA24-2 was significantly correlated with CA19-9 (r=0.810, p<0.001). The levels of CEA, CA19-9, CA24-2, CA72-4 and SCC decreased obviously 3 months after operations. When metastasis and recurrence occurred, the levels of TMs significantly increased. On multivariate analysis, high preoperative CA72-4, CA24-2 and SCC served as prognostic factors for cardiac carcinoma, GC and EC, respectively. combined detection of CEA+CA199+CA242+SCC proved to be the most economic and practical strategy in diagnosis of EC; CEA+CA199+CA242+CA724 proved to be a better evaluation indicator for cardiac cancer and GC. CEA and CA19-9, CA24-2, CA72-4 and SCC, examined postoperatively during follow-up, were useful to find early tumor recurrence and metastasis, and evaluate prognosis. AFP, TPA and TPS have no significant value in diagnosis of patients with upper GIT cancer.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Ca, BSA, heparin, semen storage and individual bull on motility and acrosome reaction of bovine fresh sperm and sperm stored in lactose-egg yolk solution(LES) at 5$^{\circ}C$ for 4hours, and the results obtained were as follows: 1. When sperm was incubated in SCS containing Ca, BSA, Ca + BSA, heparin, heparin + Ca, heparin + BSA, and heparin + Ca + BSA for 15 minutes, there was significant difference in sperm motility among the treatments, especially BSA showed significantly higher sperm motility than the others. Also there was significant difference in sperm acrosome reaction among the treatments, especially BSA and Ca + BSA showed significantly higher sperm acrosome reaction than the others. 2. Bull KNC 1 showed significantly higher sperm motility than KNC 1, HOL 1 and 2 in both fresh and stored semen, however KNC 1 showed significantly lower sperm acrosome reaction than KNC 1, HOL 1 and 2. Therefore, there was significant difference in sperm motility and acrosome reaction among individual bulls. 3. When KNC 1 and KNC 2 sperm were incubated in SCS and SCS + Ca, SCS + BSA, SCS + Ca + BSA, SCS + heparin, SCS + heparin + Ca, SCS + heparin + BSA, and SCS + heparin + Ca + BSA, there was significant difference in sperm motility among individual bulls, especially BSA in KNC 1 and BSA, Ca and Ca + BSA in KNC 2 showedsignificantly higher motility than the others. However, there was significant difference in sperm acrosome reaction among individual bulls, Ca in KNC 1 and Ca + BSA in KNC 2 showed higher acrosome reaction than the others.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.471-476
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• 2006

series of Ca1-xSrxS:Ce phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reactions. The Ca1-xSrxS:Ce phosphors have a strong absorption in region from 430 nm to 470 nm. The emission peaks of CaS:Ce are located at 510 nm and 570 nm. The partial replacement of Ca by Sr in Ca1-xSrxS:Ce causes a blue shift of emission wavelengths. The Ca1-xSrxS:Ce can be used as bluish green and yellow emitting phosphors for white light emitting diodes (LEDs) pumped by the blue LED. We reported the optical properties of Ca1-xSrxS:Ce phosphors for application in phosphor converted white LEDs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.434-441
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• 1995

The model rats with postmenopausal osteoporosis were comparatively observed with regard to the effects of bovine ash and calcium phosphate on calcium metabolism. The modelling design involved the five week-old week-old female SD-strain rats ovariectomized and fed a low-Ca diet(20% casein, 0.06% Ca and 0.38% P) for three weeks. The rats were divided into five groups, one of which was fed the low-Ca diet(basal), and the rest of which were divided into five groups, one of which was fed the low-Ca diet(basal), and the rest of which were fed four kinds of Ca-supplemental diets(20% protein, 1.06% Ca and 0.8% P) for three weeks. The Ca-suplements diets contained two kinds of Ca sources, bovine bone ash(BBA) or calcium phosphate, tribasic [Ca3(PO4)2] and two kinds of protein sources, casein or isolated soy protein(ISP). The model rats of postmenopausal osteoporosis fed basal diet showed a significant decrease in Ca utilization in reference to serum Ca concentration, breaking force of bone, Ca and P contents of bone, and Ca absorption and retention. However, the supply of Ca for three weeks demonstrated the improved utilization of Ca. One step further, BBA was more effective than calcium phosphate in improving Ca utilization in ISP-fed groups. On the other hand, no significant difference was seen in casein-fed groups. It is to conclude that BBA could be more effective in accelerating Ca utilization under vulnerable dietary or physiological conditions such as vegetable protein intake and osteoprosis.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.324-327
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• 2009

In the present study, the effect of Ca additions on the ignition and combustion behaviors of Mg alloys has been investigated. Cracks and inclusions were observed at the free surface and interior in as-cast pure magnesium but not in Ca-bearing Mg alloys. There was a tendency that ignition temperature rapidly increased with increasing Ca content in Mg-Ca alloy. Saturated composition for increasing of ignition temperature was related with solid solubility of Ca in Ca-bearing Mg alloys. The protective oxide layers, MgO, could also be found on the combustion surface of Ca-bearing magnesium alloy.