• 제목/요약/키워드: C_{14}(Myristic acid)

검색결과 60건 처리시간 0.032초

A comparative study on milk composition of Jersey and Holstein dairy cows during the early lactation

  • Lim, Dong-Hyun;Mayakrishnan, Vijayakumar;Lee, Hyun-Jeong;Ki, Kwang-Seok;Kim, Tae-Il;Kim, Younghoon
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제62권4호
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    • pp.565-576
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    • 2020
  • Recently, Jersey cattle was introduced and produced by embryo transfer to Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the differences of milk compositions between Jersey and Holstein cows and the relationship between days in milk (DIM) and milk compositions during early lactation. Data were collected from twelve lactating cows from Department of Animal Resources Development at National Institute of Animal Science. Cows in parity 1 were used, and calved at spring from April to March of 2017. All cows were housed in two sections within a free-stall barn, which divided into six from each breed, and received a basal total mixed ration. Milk samples of each cow were collected at 3 DIM and 30 DIM for analyzing the milk compositions, including fatty acids (FA), amino acids and minerals. Total solids, citrate, and milk urea nitrogen level were differed between the breeds (p < 0.05). As DIM went from 3 to 30, milk protein, total solids, and somatic cell count decreased (p < 0.05), but lactose increased in all breed milk (p < 0.05). Citrate and free fatty acid (FFA) elevated in Jersey milk (p < 0.05), whereas reduced in Holstein milk (p < 0.05). Proportions of some individual FA varied from the breeds. Myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), and arachidonic acid (C20:4) in milk from all cows were higher at 3 DIM than at 30 DIM (p < 0.05). Also, stearic (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) were lower at 3 DIM than at 30 DIM (p < 0.05), and the C18:1 to C18:0 ratio was significantly differed in DIM × breed interactions (p < 0.05). The contents of the individual amino acids did not differ from the breeds. Calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, and zinc (Zn) contents was significantly increased in Holstein milk than Jersey milk at 3 DIM. Also, K and Zn concentrations were higher in Holstein milk than in Jersey milk at 30 DIM (p < 0.05). It was concluded that Jersey cows would produce more effective milk in processing dairy products and more proper energy status compared with Holstein cows in early lactation under the same environmental and nutritional conditions.

Coconut Oil 분별유와 Palm 분별유로부터 효소적 Interesterification에 의한 코코아 버터 대체유지 합성 (Synthesis of Cocoa Butter Alternative from Coconut Oil Fraction and Palm Oil Fractions by Lipase-Catalyzed Interesterification)

  • 배상균;이경수;이기택
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제39권10호
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    • pp.1487-1494
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 coconut oil 분별유를 사용하여 코코아 버터 대체유지를 개발하고자 하였으며, RP-HPLC 및 지방산 분석을 수행하여 그 결과를 commercial CBR와 비교하였다. TAG의 PN 분석결과, 코코아 버터 대체유지에서 전체 TAG의 93.08%가 PN=40~48에 포함되었고, commercial CBR는 94.11%이었다. 지방산조성 분석결과, commercial CBR와 코코아 버터 대체유지의 불포화지방산이 차지하는 비율은 각각 18.68%와 17.39%로 유사하였다. 두 유지 모두 지방산 중 가장 높은 비율을 차지하는 지방산은 palmitic acid로 코코아 버터 대체유지에서 46.03%, commercial CBR에서 47.75%이었으며, TAG의 sn-2 위치에서 불포화지방산의 비율은 각각 23.22%와 16.06%로 코코아 버터 대체유지가 높았다. 두 유지 모두 $30{\sim}45^{\circ}C$ 온도 구간에서 급격한 용융곡선을 가짐으로써 코코아 버터 대체유지로서의 특성을 가지고 있었다. Polymorphic form 분석결과, 제조된 코코아버터 대체유지와 commercial CBR에서 $4.24{\AA}$$3.83{\AA}$에서 short spacing을 나타내며, ${\beta}'$ 형태의 결정형을 나타내었다.

호박분말 급여가 돈육의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Dried Powder of Pumpkin on Quality Characteristics of Pork)

  • 진상근;양한술
    • 농업생명과학연구
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    • 제46권2호
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    • pp.91-99
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    • 2012
  • 본 실험은 호박분말 급여가 돈육의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 평균 개시체중 64.5 kg인 총 20두의 3원 교잡종(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc)을 대상으로 호박분말 급여량을 0, 2, 5 및 7%로 처리구별 5두씩 공시하여 출하전 30일간 급여하였다. 호박분말 급여구에서 높은 수분 함량 및 조지방 함량을 나타내었다. 명도(lightness) 값은 처리구들 간 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나(p>0.05), 적색도(redness)는 2% 및 7% 호박분말 급여구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 육즙 및 가열감량은 모든 처리구에서 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 5% 호박분말 급여구에서 높은 pH 및 모든 호박분말 급여구에서 낮은 전단가 값을 나타내었다. 호박분말 급여구에서 대조구에 비해 낮은 콜레스테롤 함량을 보이며, 호박분말 급여수준이 증가할수록 콜레스테롤 함량이 감소하였다. 또한 호박분말 급여구에서 높은 myristic acid(C14:0) 함량을 보인 반면, 2% 및 5% 호박분말 급여구에서 높은 palmitoleic acid(C16:1) 함량 나타내었다. 따라서 호박분말 급여는 돈육의 사후 pH와 수분함량을 높이고, 전단가 및 콜레스테롤 함량을 감소시키는 등 돈육 품질을 개선시키는 것으로 나타났다.

냉동과 해동 방법이 오리고기의 특성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Freezing and Thawing Methods on Duck Meat Characteristics)

  • 허강녕;김지혁;김상호;강보석;김종대;차재범;홍의철
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.197-206
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 냉동과 해동 방법에 따른 토종오리고기의 육질특성을 비교하기 위해 수행하였다. 본 시험에 사용된 공시재료는 8주령 토종오리(평균체중 2.8 kg)를 도압(屠鴨)하여 채취한 가슴육을 이용하였다. 본 시험의 처리구는 냉동 전 신선육을 대조구(CON)로 하고, 시험구는 냉동 2처리(급냉(FF), 완냉(SF)와 해동 2처리(급해동(FT), 완해동(ST))의 $2{\times}2$ 복합요인으로 4처리구로 하여 총 5처리구(CON, FFFT, FFST, SFFT, SFST), 처리구당 3반복, 반복당 3점씩 총 45점을 이용하였다. 급냉(시료를 $-50^{\circ}C$ deep freezer에서 보관)과 완냉(시료를 $-20^{\circ}C$ 냉동고에 보관)의 두 가지 방법으로 냉동된 시료를 1개월 저장 후, 급해동($12^{\circ}C$ 5시간의 유수해동)과 완해동($5^{\circ}C$ 24시간 냉장고 해동)의 두 가지 방법으로 해동하여 분석에 이용하였다. 육색 중 명도는 급냉시킨 경우와 급해동시킨 경우에 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 감소되었다(P<0.05). 황색도는 완해동시킨 경우에는 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 물리적 성상 중 가열감량과 보수력은 대조구가 냉동과 해동 처리구에 비해 낮게 나타난 반면에(P<0.01, P<0.05), 전단력은 냉동과 행동 처리구에 비해 대조구에서 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 화학적 성상 중 수분의 함량은 완해동한 경우에 급해동에 비해 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 단백질 함량은 급해동한 경우 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). Myristic acid(C14:0)와 linolenic acid(C18:3n3) 함량은 대조구에서 냉동과 해동 처리구에 비해 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). Stearic acid(C18:0) 함량은 완냉동시킨 경우에 급냉동의 경우보다 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 해동의 경우에는 처리구간 유의차를 보이지 않았다. Arachidonic acid(C20:4n6)은 완냉동과 완해동의 경우에 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.01, P<0.05). 필수아미노산 중 대조구의 threonine, glycine, iso-leucine, leucine, tryptophan 함량은 냉동과 해동 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다(P<0.05). Methonine과 valine 함량은 해동에 따른 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 냉동 처리시 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 비필수아미노산 중 alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, tyrosine 함량은 대조구에서 냉동과 해동처리구보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.01, P<0.05). 결론적으로, 토종오리고기의 냉동 및 해동은 수분과 관련된 육색, 전단력, 가열감량, 보수력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보여진다.

Comparison of miR-106b, miR-191, and miR-30d expression dynamics in milk with regard to its composition in Holstein and Ayrshire cows

  • Marina V. Pozovnikova;Viktoria B. Leibova;Olga V. Tulinova;Elena A. Romanova;Artem P. Dysin;Natalia V. Dementieva;Anastasiia I. Azovtseva;Sergey E. Sedykh
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제37권6호
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    • pp.965-981
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    • 2024
  • Objective: Milk composition varies considerably and depends on paratypical, genetic, and epigenetic factors. MiRNAs belong to the class of small non-coding RNAs; they are one of the key tools of epigenetic control because of their ability to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. We compared the relative expression levels of miR-106b, miR-191, and miR-30d in milk to demonstrate the relationship between the content of these miRNAs with protein and fat components of milk in Holstein and Ayrshire cattle. Methods: Milk fat, protein, and casein contents were determined in the obtained samples, as well as the content of the main fatty acids (g/100 g milk), including: saturated acids, such as myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), and stearic (C18:0) acids; monounsaturated acids, including oleic (C18:1) acid; as well as long-, medium- and short-chain, polyunsaturated, and trans fatty acids. Real-time stem-loop one-tube reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes was used to measure the miRNA expression levels. Results: The miRNA expression levels in milk samples were found to be decreased in the first two months in Holstein breed, and in the first four months in Ayrshire breed. Correlation analysis did not reveal any dependence between changes in the expression level of miRNA and milk fat content, but showed a multidirectional relationship with individual milk fatty acids. Positive associations between the expression levels of miR-106b and miR-30d and protein and casein content were found in the Ayrshire breed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that miR-106b and miR-30d expression levels can cause changes in fatty acid and protein composition of milk in Ayrshire cows, whereas miR-106b expression level determines the fatty acid composition in Holsteins. Conclusion: The data obtained in this study showed that miR-106b, miR-191, and miR-30d expression levels in milk samples have peculiarities associated with breed affiliation and the lactation period.

탄소원과 질소원의 무게비가 Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34304의 성장 및 지방산 조성 특성에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Weight Ratio of Carbon Source to Nitrogen Source on toe Growth and the Composition of Fatty Acid of Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34304)

  • 김원호;박승혜;송상규;배천순;허병기
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.266-270
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    • 2005
  • 탄소원과 질소원의 무게비가 Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34304의 성장 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 초기 당농도에 관계없이 배양 5일 후의 균체농도는 C/N 값이 증가하면 증가하였다가 감소하였다. 각 초기 당 농도에 따라서, 균체농도가 최대가 되는 C/N의 비는 각기 고유한 값을 나타내었다. 초기 당농도 5 g/L 내지 25 g/L 범위내에서 균체농도가 최대가 되는 C/N 값은 1 내지 4 사이에 분포하였다. C/N 비에 따른 균체수율 $Y_{x/s}$의 값은 C/N의 값이 증가하면 감소하였으나 10 내지 20 사이의 범위에서는 0.35 의 일정한 값을 유지하였다. T. aureum ATCC 34304가 생합성하는 포화지방산인 미리스트산의 조성은 C/N 비의 변화에 영향을 받지 않았으나 팔미트산의 조성은 C/N 값 4 이하에서는 $20\%$ 내외의 값을 나타내었고 C/N 값이 증가하면 $15\%$까지 감소하였다. 탄소수사 18개인 $C_{18:}$의 지방산 중 올레인산 $(C_{18:1})$과 리놀레인산 $(C_{18:2})$의 조성은 C/N 값이 증가하면 $0\%$에서 각각 $20\%$$7\%$까지 지속적으로 증가하였다. 반면 $\gamma$-리놀레인산 $(C_{18:3})$의 조성은 C/N 값의 증가에 따라 $5\%$에서 $2\%$까지 감소하였다. 탄소수가 20개 이상인 $\omega-3$ 다중불포화 지방산 중 EPA $(C_{20:5})$와 DPA $(C_{22:5})$의 조성은 C/N 값의 증가에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, DHA $(C_{22:6})$ 조성은 C/N 값이 증가하더라도 $40\%$ 내외의 간을 유지하였다.

The effect of finishing diet supplemented with methionine/lysine and methionine/α-tocopherol on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Hanwoo steers

  • Barido, Farouq Heidar;Utama, Dicky Tri;Jeong, Hae Seong;Kim, Juntae;Lee, Chang Woo;Park, Yeon Soo;Lee, Sung Ki
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.69-78
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    • 2020
  • Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of diets with and without supplements of methionine/lysine (met/lys) and methionine/α-tocopherol (met/α-tocopherol) on the performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. Methods: A total of 21 Hanwoo steers were divided into three different groups. Each group consisted of 7 animals that received different dietary treatments for 120 days as follows: a control (C) diet composed of a basal diet with 74% total digestible nutrient and 12% crude protein; treatment 1 (T1) composed of a basal diet enriched with methionine 69%+lysine 31%; and treatment (T2) composed of a basal diet enriched with methionine 84.65%+α-tocopherol 15.35%. Daily supplementation was given using the top-dressing method (20 g/animal). Results: The met/lys groups yielded a longissimus lumborum with increased water holding capacity (p<0.01) and lower shear force value (p<0.05). Dietary met/lys did not have an adverse effect on the animal performance and carcass traits. Instead, these supplements contributed significantly to the higher protein content compared to the control diet (p<0.05). Myristic acid (C14:0) was the only fatty acid affected by the supplementation. While the met/α-tocopherol group led to significantly higher protein and oxymyoglobin contents during storage (p<0.05). It also contributed significantly to the lower shear force value and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances score during storage (p<0.05) compared to the control and treatment 1 since the initial storage day. The met/α-tocopherol diet also yielded meat with a redder color (p<0.05) after 3 days of storage. However, it did not significantly contribute to the fatty acid profiles of Hanwoo steers. Conclusion: Met/lys supplementation resulted in higher protein scores, water holding capacity and lower shear force scores. While met/α-tocopherol supplementation contributes to the production of redder meat, reduces lipid oxidation, production of more tender meat and increases the content of protein and oxymyoglobin percentage.

냉동연육 원료로서연근해산 어류의 가공적성 검사연구 (Sthdies on the Adaptability for Frozen fish Meat Paste Processing of the Fishes Cought in korean coastal Off-Shore Sea)

  • 류지동;이성갑
    • 기술사
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.104-118
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    • 1999
  • Alaska Pollack (Theragramma), Mackerel (Socomber japonicus), yellow corvenia (Pseudosc iance manchurica) were dressed, and then meat was separated from the other parts through a fish meat separator. After dehydration, the meat was ground with a silent cutter, packaged in polyethylene bags, and stored at -15。C for days. Samples were taken at regular intervals throughout the storage period and investigated for changes in puality characteristics such as the amounts of nitrogenous compounds, degree of lipid oxidation, fatty acid composition, and organoleptic factors. The resrlts obtained in this study were as follows; 1. The volatile basic nitrogen[VBN] contents of Alaska pollack, and yellow corvenia meat pastes increased from 14.4, 11.2 and 10.8mg% to 41.6, 38.3 and 40.6mg%, respectively during a 120 day storage period, whereas the trimethylamine oxide nitrogen [TMAO-N] contents decreased from 117.2, 12.8 and 17.2mg% to 40.3, 2.6 and 7.1mg% during the same period. 2. The TBA value of the mackerel meat paste showed a maximum peak after 60 days, and then decreased gradually, whereas the TBAvalues of the alaska pollack and yellow corvenia meat pastes increased steadily during the same period. The acid values of the meat pastes increased during the storage period, while the iodine values decreased. 3. The fatty acid composition of the total lipid of the meat pastes changed considerably during ghe 120 days storage period : saturated fatty acids in the total lipid such as myristic, palmitic, and stearic acid increased, while unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic, gadoleic, eicosapentaenoic, erucic and docosahexaenoic acid decreased steadily. The initial percentage contents of the unsaturated fatty acids in the total lipid of the Alaska pollack, mackerel, and yellow corvenia meat pastes were 87.2%, 63.9%, and 75.9% respectively. However, the contents decreased to 46.0%, 42.5% and 51.3% after the 120day storage period. 4. The color of the meat pastes changde gradually into dark brown. L values of the meat paste measured with a thistimulus colorimeter decreased steadily during the storage period, while a and b values increased during same period. 5. Judging from the results of organoleptic evaluation on the fish odor, color and overall acceptability, significant difference were found between the odor and color of the mackerel and those of the yellow corvenia meat pastes. Overall acceptability score of yellow corvenia was higher than that of Alaska pollack or mackerel meat pastes.

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CLA가 축적된 돈육으로 제조된 Press Ham의 지방산 조성 및 품질 특성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Accumulated Pork on Fatty Acid Composition and Quality Characteristics of Press Ham)

  • 이정일;양한술;정진연;이진우;이제룡;주선태;도창희
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.135-145
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    • 2004
  • CLA는 alkaline isomerization 방법으로 식용유를 이용하여 전체 CLA 이성체가 56%인 CLA를 화학적으로 합성하였다. 대조구는 80-110kg까지는 일반 사료회사에서 생산하는 사료를 급여하였으며, 처리구 1은 출하(출하체중 : 110kg) 2주전부터 일반사료회사에서 생산하는 사료에 CLA를 1.25% 첨가하여 급여하였으며, 처리구 2는 출하 2주전부터 사료함량에 CLA를 2.5%첨가하여 급여하였다. 처리구 3은 사료함량에 1.25% CLA를 첨가하여 4주간 급여하였으며, 처리구 4는 2.5% CLA를 4주간 급여하였다. 급여기간이 끝난 후 일괄적으로 함양도축장에서 도축하여 좌 우도체 의심부위를 발골ㆍ정형하여 제조 원료로 사용하여 프레스햄을 제조한 후 진공 포장하여 냉장온도(4$^{\circ}C$)에서 1, 7, 14, 21 및 28일간 저장하면서 조직적 특성분석, 관능적 특성분석, 지방산 조성 및 CLA 함량 등을 조사하여 CLA가 축적된 프레스햄의 저장기간에 따른 품질 특성을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 조직감의 변화에서 저장기간별 처리구간의 비교에서 유의적인 차이는 인정되었지만 뚜렷한 경향이 없었으며, 저 장기간의 경과에 따른 변화에서도 뚜렷한 변화가 없었다. 관능검사 중 육색의 변화는 전 저장기간 동안 대조구와 비교하여 CLA급여 처리구가 다소 높은 육색을 보였다. 향기는 전 저장기간 동안 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 조직감은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 인정되었는데, 저장 1일과 7일에는 대조구가 CLA급여 처리구인 T3, T4에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 조직감을 보였다.(p<0.05). 전체적인 기호성은 저장 1일에 대조구에 비하여 CLA 급여 처리구가 유의적으로 높은 기호성을 보였다(p<0.05). 저장 1일 이후에는 CLA 급여 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 높은 평가를 받았지만 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 저장기간에 따른 제품의 육색, 향기, 조직감, 전체적인 기호성 변화는 모든 처리구가 저장기간이 경과하여도 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 대조구에 비하여 CLA 급여 처리구는 myristic, palmitic 및 stearic acid함량은 유의적으로 증가하며(p<0.05), 반면에 oleic, linoleic 및 arachidonic acid 함량은 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). CLA 함량을 보면 CLA를 급여하지 않은 대조구는 CLA가 검출되지 않았지만 CLA 급여 처리구에서는 CLA 급여수준과 급여기간이 증가할수록 육내 축적율이 직선적으로 증가하였다. 포화지방산과 불포화지방산 함량의 비는 전 저장기간동안 대조구와 비교하여 CLA 급여 처리구가 낮은 불포화지방산 함량을 보였다. 이와 같은 결과는 CLA 급여로 인하여 oleic acid 함량이 감소하였기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 결과 프레스햄 제조시 CLA가 축적된 돈육의 이용은 조직감 및 관능적 평가에 영향을 미치지 않으며, CLA를 축적시키는 것이 가능하므로 고급 육제품 생산이 가능하다고 사료된다.

사료의 영양소 수준과 성별이 도체 및 육질특성에 미치는 영향 (Interaction between Nutrient Density Diets and Sex on Carcass and Quality Characteristics in Finishing Pigs)

  • 하영주;이정일;이제룡;이진우;정재두;곽석준;송영민;도창희
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.57-72
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    • 2005
  • The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of nutrient density diets and sex on carcass and pork quality characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 96 pigs(58.04 $\pm$ 6.85 kg) were divided into 2 groups(gilts and barrows), each sex group was assigned to 3 nutrient density(high : 18.5%, middle : 16.0% and low: 14.0% CP, respectively) and raised up to 1l0kg live weight. Each treatment had four replicates with three or five pigs per replicate. The treatments comprised the feeding regimes of 1) the low density diet for 60 days, 2) the middle nutrient density diet for the 30 days followed by a low nutrient density diet for the remaining 30 days and 3) the high nutrient density diet for the 30 days followed by a middle nutrient density diet for the remaining 30 days. Pigs were conventionally slaughtered, and then chilled overnight. Carcass characteristics and grades were determined on those carcasses, and pork loin muscle was removed from each left side at 5th to 13th rib for quality evaluation were evaluated. There were no differences in the carcass weight between sex and nutrient density. Dressing percent of L-L(gilts) treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P< 0.05). Barrows showed a thicker back fat thickness than gilts. There were no difference in intramuscular fat, subcutaneous fat and springiness between sex and nutrient density. Intermuscular fat of barrows groups was significantly higher than the gilts groups(P < 0.05). In the meat quality characteristics, there were no difference in general composition, meat and fat color between sex and nutrient density. pH of L-L(gilts) treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P < 0.05). Cooking loss and shear force value of H-M(barrows) treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments(P< 0.05). Purge loss of barrows groups was significantly higher than the gilts groups(P < 0.05). Myoglobin content of H-M treatment was significantly lower than L-L and M-L treatments(P< 0.05). Texture of H-M treatment was higher than L-L and M-L treatments. The content of myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acid were significantly higher in the barrows groups(P< 0.05). However, stearic, linoleic and arachidonic acid were significantly higher in the gilts(P < 0.05). Amino acid content of L-L treatment was significantly higher than M-L and H-M treatments(P < 0.05). In conclusion, carcass and pork quality characteristics were affected by sex and nutrient density.