• Title/Summary/Keyword: CWA

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Recent Trend in Bioscavengers for Inactivation of Toxic Organophosphorus Compounds (유기인 계열 독성물질 분해를 위한 바이오스캐빈저 최신 연구 동향)

  • Kim, Heejeong;Jeong, Keunhong;Kye, Young-Sik
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.125-137
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    • 2020
  • In recent years, toxic organophosphorus compounds (OPs) have been used for civilians, becoming a great threat to the world. Alternative to the current treatment policy unpredictable for any prevention, researches on bioscavenger as an improved treatment have been actively conducted. Bioscavengers refer to proteins and enzymes that prevent intoxication by inactivating or binding toxic OPs before they reaches the target. In particular, extensive efforts have been made to develop catalytic bioscavengers that quickly detoxify OPs even with a small dose of the protein by performing multiple binding and hydrolysis processes with OPs. This review introduces the latest studies and results for developing catalytic bioscavengers using molecular evolution and protein engineering techniques. We will briefly present some of the remaining challenges on developing enzymes into clinically approved drugs.

Persulfate Oxidation of 2,4-D: Effect of Hydroxylamine and Chelating Agent (과황산을 이용한 2,4-D의 산화: 하이드록실아민, 킬레이트제의 영향)

  • Choi, Jiyeon;Yoon, Na Kyeong;Shin, Won Sik
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.54-64
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    • 2021
  • The chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have been developed for offensive or defensive purposes and used as chemical weapons in war and terrorism. The CWAs are exposed to the natural environment, transported through the water system and then eventually contaminate soil and groundwater. Therefore, effective decontamination technology to remediate CWAs are needed. The CWAs are extremely dangerous and prodution is strictly prohibited, therefore, it is difficult to use CWAs even in experimental purpose. In this study, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was chosen as a model representative CWA because it is a simulant of anti-plant CWAs and one of the major component of agent orange. The optimum degradation conditions such as oxidant:activator ratio were determined. The effects of hydroxylamine and chelating agents such as citric acid (CA), oxalic acid (OA), malic acid (MA), and EDTA addition to increase Fe2+ activation were also investigated. Scavenger experiments using tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) and ethanol confirmed that although both sulfate (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) existed in Fe2+-persulfate system, sulfate radical was the predominant radical. To promote the Fe2+ activator effect, the effect of hydroxylamine as a reducing agent was investigated. In chelating agents assisted Fe2+-persulfate oxidation, the addition of 2 mM of CA and MA enhanced 2,4-D degradation. In contrast, EDTA and OA inhibited the 2,4-D removal due to steric hindrance effect.