• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.7 s.184
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2006

Laser heat treatment technologies have been used to improve characteristics of wear and to enhance the fatigue resistance for automotive parts. The bjective of this research work is to investigate the influence of the process parameters, such as power of laser and defocused spot position, on the characteristics of laser heat treatment for the case of SM45C medium carbon steel. CW Nd:YAG laser is selected as the heat source. The optical lens with the elliptical profile is designed to obtain a wide heat treatment area with a uniform hardness. From the results of the experiments, it has been shown that the maximum hardness is approximatly 780 Hv when the power and the travel of laser are 1,095 W and 0.6 m/min, respectively. In addition, the hardening width using the elliptical lens was three time larger than that using the defocusing of laser beam.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.257-262
• /
• 2010

Recently, metal molding has become essential not only for automobile parts, but also mass production, and has greatly influenced production costs as well as the quality of products. Its surface has been treated by carburizing, nitriding and induction hardening, but these existing treatments cause considerable deformation and increase the expense of postprocessing after treatment; furthermore, these treatments cannot be easily applied to parts that requiring the hardening of only a certain section. This is because the treatment cannot heat the material homogeneously, nor can it heat all of it. Laser surface treatment was developed to overcome these disadvantages, and, when the laser beam is irradiated on the surface and laser speed is appropriate, the laser focal position is rapidly heated and the thermal energy of surface penetrates the material after irradiation, finally imbuing it with a new mechanical characteristic by the process of self-quenching. This research estimates the material characteristic after efficient and functional surface treatment using HPDL, which is more efficient than the existing CW Nd:YAG laser heat source.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.447-457
• /
• 2019

The intelligent sensory system is required to ensure the accurate welding performance. This paper describes the development of an intelligent vision sensor for the robotic laser welding. The sensor system includes a PC based vision camera and a stripe-type laser diode. A set of robust image processing algorithms are implemented. The laser-stripe sensor can measure the profile of the welding object and obtain the seam line. Moreover, the working distance of the sensor can be changed and other configuration is adjusted accordingly. The robot, the seam tracking system, and CW Nd:YAG laser are used for the laser welding robot system. The simple and efficient control scheme of the whole system is also presented. The profile measurement and the seam tracking experiments were carried out to validate the operation of the system.

• Journal of Photoscience
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.203-208
• /
• 2003

Two coupled molecules were successfully synthesized by condensation of amine-donor-substituted barbituric acid derivativies as nonlinear optical chromophores. A flexible spacer of the alkyl chain with different lengths of carbon chains (5 and 6 carbons) was introduced between two chromophores, which prevented crystallization and aggregation of molecules. Two coupled molecules (B-Cn-B, n=5, 6) had glass-transition temperatures on a second heating around 81 and 76$^{\circ}C$ without melting points, respectively. To explore the linear optical properties, thin-films were prepared and examined by a photometry method using Nd:YVO$_4$ CW laser. Also, microscopic and macroscopic nonlinear optical properties were measured by Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) and the Maker Fringes method using Nd:YAG ps pulse laser, respectively. In spite of the moderate hyperpolarizabilities of coupled molecules, the second order NLO coefficient (d$\_$33/) was larger than the conventional Disperse Red 1 doped PMMA polymeric system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2006

Laser welding of dissimilar metals has been widely used to improve a wear resistance and a corrosion resistance of the industrial parts. The objective of this research works is to investigate the influence of the process parameters, such as the welding for SM45C and STS304 with CW Nd:YAG lasers. The bead-on-plate welding tests are carried out for several combinations of the experimental conditions. In order to quantitatively examine the characteristics of the dissimilar welding, the welding quality of the cut section, stain-stress behavior and the hardness of the welded part are investigated. From the results of the investigation, it has been shown that the optimal welding condition without defects in the vicinity of the welded area and with a good welding qualify is 1600W of the laser power, 0.85m/min of welding speed and $4{\ell}/min$ of pressure for shielding gas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2005.10a
• /
• pp.997-1003
• /
• 2005

Laser welding of dissimilar metals has been widely used to improve a wear resistance and a corrosion resistance of the industrial parts. The objective of this research works is to investigate the influence of the process parameters, such as the welding for SM45C and STS304 with CW Nd:YAG lasers. The bead-on-plate welding tests are carried out for several combinations of the experimental conditions. In order to quantitatively examine the characteristics of the dissimilar welding, the welding qualify of the cut section, stain-stress behavior and the hardness of the welded part are investigated. From the results of the investigation, it has been shown that the optimal welding condition without defects in the vicinity of the welded area and with a good welding quality is 1600W of the laser power, 0.85m/min of welding speed and 4m/min of pressure for shielding gas.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 2007

The objective of this research work is to investigate into effects of an auto tracking of the focal distance on the quality of the cut part in the cutting of a low carbon sheet using a high-power CW Nd:YAG laser. An auto-tracking system with a capacitance based distance control loop has been employed to perform a real control of the focal distance. In order to examine the influence of the auto-tracking of a focal distance on the optimum focal distance, the kerfwidth, surface roughness and the formation of the cut section, several linear cutting tests have been carried out using the auto-tracking system. The results of experiments have been shown that the optimum focal distance is 0.9mm. In addition, it has been shown that the variation of kerfwidth and the surface roughness of the cut part with control of the focal distance are reduced 40-80% and 30-55% in comparison with those of the cut part without tracking of the focal distance. From the results of the experiments, it has been found that the real time tracking of the focal distance can improve the part quality.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.19 no.9
• /
• pp.457-461
• /
• 2009

Recently, metal molding has become essential not only for automobile parts, but also mass production, and has greatly influenced production costs as well as the quality of products. Its surface has been treated by carburizing, nitriding and induction hardening, but these existing treatments cause considerable deformation and increase the expense of postprocessing after treatment; furthermore, these treatments cannot be easily applied to parts that requiring the hardening of only a certain section. This is because the treatment cannot heat the material homogeneously, nor can it heat all of it. Laser surface treatment was developed to overcome these disadvantages, and, when the laser beam is irradiated on the surface and laser speed is appropriate, the laser focal position is rapidly heated and the thermal energy of surface penetrates the material after irradiation, finally imbuing it with a new mechanical characteristic by the process of self-quenching. This research estimates the material characteristic after efficient and functional surface treatment using HPDL, which is more efficient than the existing CW Nd:YAG laser heat source. To estimate this, microstructural changes and hardness characteristics of three parts (the surface treatment part, heat affect zone, and parental material) are observed with the change of laser beam speed and surface temperature. Moreover, the depth of the hardened area is observed with the change of the laser beam speed and temperature.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.160-166
• /
• 2011

Weight reduction while maintaining functional requirements is one of the major goals in the automotive industry. The use of lightweight magnesium alloys offers great potential for reducing weight because of the low density of these alloys. However, the formability and the surface quality of the final magnesium alloy product for auto-body structures are not acceptable without a careful optimization of the design parameters. In order to overcome some of the main formability limitations in the stamping of magnesium alloys, a new approach, the so-called "hybrid technology", has been recently proposed for body-in-white structural components. Within this approach, necessary level of mechanical joining can be obtained through the use of lightweight material-steel adhesion promoters. This paper presents the development process of an automotive hybrid hood assembly using magnesium alloy sheets. In the first set of material pairs, the selected materials are magnesium alloy AZ31B alloy and steel(SGCEN) as inner and outer panels, respectively. In order to optimize the design of the inner panel, the stamping process was analyzed with the finite element method (FEM). Laser welding by CW Nd:YAG were used to join the magnesium alloy sheets. Based on the simulation results and mechanical test results of the joints, the determination of die design variables and their influence on formability were discussed. Furthermore, a prototype based on the proposed design was manufactured and the static stiffness test was carried out. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed hybrid hood with a weight reduction of 25.7%.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.41.1-41.1
• /
• 2009

최근 금형은 자동차뿐만 아니라 여러 산업에서 필수적이며 제품의 품질은 물론 제조원가에 막대한 영향을 미친다. 이러한 금형은 침탄, 질화, 고주파담금질등에 의해 표면처리 되어져 왔으나, 이와 같이 기존의 처리 방법은 모두 처리물 전체를 가열하거나 균일한 가열을 하지 못하기 때문에 변형의 문제와 처리후의 후가공의 경비 문제, 그리고 극히 일부분만 경화가 필요한 부품에는 적용하기 어려운 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결할 수 있는 표면처리로서 레이저 표면처리 방법이 대두되고 있으며, 레이저 표면처리는 레이저 빔을 피처리물의 표면에 조사하고 적당한 속도로 이동을 하게 되면 레이저조사부위가 급속하게 가열되고 레이저빔이 통과한 후에는 표면의 열이 내부로 열전도 되어 급속히 자기냉각(Self-quenching)됨으로서 표면에 새로운 기계적 성질을 갖게 하는 표면처리법이다. 이와 같이 레이저를 이용한 표면처리로 기존의 CW Nd:YAG 레이저 열원보다 효율이 좋은 HPDL(High Power Diode Laser)를 이용한 고효율, 고기능 금형 표면처리 후 재료적 물성을 평가하고자 한다. 평가방법은 레이저빔의 조사속도 및 온도변화에 따른 표면처리부, 열영향부 그리고 모재 부분에 대한 경도특성 및 미세조직 변화를 관찰하였다. 또한 조사속도 및 온도변화에 대해 경화깊이를 관찰하였다.