• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-31
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• 2001

The relationship between GMS-5 IR1 brightness temperature (CTT:cloud top temperature) and AWS (automatic weather station) rainfall is investigated on a heavy rain event over the mid-western part of Korea for August 5-6, 1998. It is found that a temporal variability of the heavy rain can be described in detail y the time series of rain area and rain rates over the study area that are calculated from AWS accumulated rainfalls for 15 minutes. A time period of 0030-0430 LST 6 August 1998 is chosen in the time series as a heavy rain period which has relatively small rain area (20~25%) and very strong rain rates(6~9 mm/15 min.) with a good time continuity. In the heavy rain period, CTT of a point and AWS 15-minute rainfall beneath that point are compared. From the comparison, AWS rainfalls are shown to be not closely correlated with CTT. In the range of CTT lower than -5$0^{\circ}C$ where most AWS with rain are distributed, the probability of rain is at most about 30%. However, when the satellite images are shifted by 2~3 pixels southward and 3 pixels westward for the geometric correction of images, AWS rainfalls are shown to be statistically correlated with CTT (correlation coefficient:-0.46). Most AWS with rain are distributed in the much lower CTT range(lower than -58$^{\circ}C$), but there is still not much change in the rain probability. Even though a temporal change of CTT is taken into account, the rain probability amount to at most 50~55% in the same range.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.156-159
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• 2000

The cttl+ gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe encoeds a catalse responsible for H2O2-resistance of this organism as judged by the H2O2-sensitive phenotype of the ctt1Δ mutant. In this study, we investigated the subcellular localization of the Ctt1 gene product. In wild type cells catalase activity was detected in the organelle fraction as well as in the cytosol. The ctt1Δ mutant contained no catalase activity, indicating that both cytosolic and organellar catalases are the products of a single ctt1+ gene. Western bolt analysis revealed two catalase bands, both of which disappeared in the ctt1Δ mutant. The major, fastermigrating band existed in the cytosol whereas the monor, slower-migrating band appeared to be located in organelles, most likely in peroxisomes. These results suggest that the ctt1+ gene product targeted to the peroxisome is a modified form of the one in the cytosol.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.186-192
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between colon transit time (CTT) test value and initial maintenance dose of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 or lactulose. Methods: Of 415 children with chronic functional constipation, 190 were enrolled based on exclusion criteria using the CTT test, defecation diary, and clinical chart. The CTT test was performed with prior disimpaction. The laxative dose for maintenance was determined on the basis of the defecation diary and clinical chart. The Shapiro-Wilk test and Pearson's and Spearman's correlations were used for statistical analysis. Results: The overall group median value and interquartile range of the CTT test was 43.8 (31.8) hours. The average PEG 4000 dose for maintenance in the overall group was $0.68{\pm}0.18g/kg/d$; according to age, the dose was $0.73{\pm}0.16g/kg/d$ (<8 years), $0.53{\pm}0.12g/kg/d$ (8 to <12 years), and $0.36{\pm}0.05g/kg/d$ (12 to 15 years). The dose of lactulose was $1.99{\pm}0.43mL/kg/d$ (<8 years) or $1.26{\pm}0.25mL/kg/d$ (8 to <12 years). There was no significant correlation between CTT test value and initial dose of laxative, irrespective of the subgroup (encopresis, abnormal CTT test subtype) for either laxative. Even in the largest group (overall, n=109, younger than 8 years and on PEG 4000), the correlation was weak (Pearson's correlation coefficient [R]=0.268, p=0.005). Within the abnormal transit group, subgroup (n=73, younger than 8 years and on PEG 4000) correlation was weak (R=0.267, p=0.022). Conclusion: CTT test value cannot predict the initial maintenance dose of PEG 4000 or lactulose with linear correlation.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2016

Purpose: Each ethnic group has a unique life style, including diets. Life style affects bowel movement. The aim of this study is to describe the results of colon transit time (CTT) tests in Korean children who had chronic functional constipation based on highly refined data. Methods: One hundred ninety (86 males) out of 415 children who performed a CTT test under the diagnosis of chronic constipation according to Rome III criteria at Konkuk University Medical Center from January 2006 through March 2015 were enrolled in this study. Two hundreds twenty-five children were excluded on the basis of CTT test result, defecation diary, and clinical setting. Shapiro-Wilk and Mann-Whitney U, and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The median value and interquartile range (IQR) of CTT was 54 (37.5) hours in Encopresis group, and those in non-encopresis group was 40.2 (27.9) hours (p<0.001). The frequency of subtype between non-encopresis group and encopresis was statistically significant (p=0.002). The non-encopresis group (n=154, 81.1%) was divided into normal transit subgroup (n=84, 54.5%; median value and IQR of CTT=26.4 [9.6] hours), outlet obstruction subgroup (n=18, 11.7%; 62.4 [15.6] hours), and slow transit subgroup (n=52, 33.8%; 54.6 [21.0] hours]. The encopresis group (n=36, 18.9%) was divided into normal transit subgroup (n=8, 22.2%; median value and IQR of CTT=32.4 [9.9] hours), outlet obstruction subgroup (n=8, 22.2%; 67.8 [34.8] hours), and slow transit subgroup (n=20, 55.6%; 59.4 [62.7] hours). Conclusion: This study provided the basic pattern and value of the CTT test in Korean children with chronic constipation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.187-189
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• 2001

문자열 간추리기(string ordering)에 관한 국제 표준인 ISO 14651의 내용 중 공통틀표(CTT)의 한글 관련 규정은, 첫 가끝 조합형과 완성형 어느 쪽으로도 부호화가 가능한 한글 문서의 특성을 무시하여 이들을 분리하여 기술함으로써 두 부호값 체계에 대한 상호 연관성과 통일성을 잃고 있다. 또한 ordering에 필수적인 UCS 완성형 글자마디의 무게값(weight)을 할당하지 않음으로써 형식적 완결성과 내용적 명료성을 잃고 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문은 CTT의 규정을 한글 문서의 부호화 방법에 따라 유형별로 검토하여 그 문제점을 지적하고, 이와 관련하여 어떤 한글 문서이든 이를 일관성 있게 ordering할 수 있도록 하는 \"CTT 한글 부분의 개정 방안\"을 제안함으로써 한글 ordering과 관련된 현 CTT 상의 여러 문제점들을 해결하고자 하였다.해결하고자 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.638-644
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• 1999

The objectives of the study are to investigate thermal conductivity(TC) and coefficient of thermal transmission (CTT) according to the type of soils, the presence of reinforceemnt, temperature, relative humidity and to analyze experimentally the characteristics of thermal transfer of reinforced soil wall. Results are summarized as follows ; 1) Clayey soil has high value of TC and CTT than sandy soil. 2) TC and CTT of reinforced soil wall is about 6∼17% higher than those of reinforced one, 3) It is founded that the effect of relative humidity on the soil wall is important at the same temperature and 4) As the temperature is high, it is appeared that TC and CTT are high.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.205-218
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this experiment is to study on the anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement effects of Herbal-acupuncture with Carthami Flos infusion solution(CTT-HAS). Methods : We injected Carthami Flos infusion solution into Chung-wan(CV12) of C57BL/6 mouse which is corresponding to human Chung-wan(CV12). We observed its effect on the number of $CD25^{+}/CD4^{+}$, $CD8^{+}/CD3e^{+}$, $CD69^{+}/B220^{+}$, $NK^{+}/CD3e^{+}$ cells in mouse PBMCs, the number of the pulmonary colony, and the effect on MST and ILS of C57BL/6 mice implanted intravenously with B16-F10 melanoma. Results Conclusions : 1. The spleen cells proliferation of the sample groups treated with CTT-HAS extract has increased significantly compared with that of the control group. 2. The percentage of the $CD25^{+}/CD4^{+}$, $CD8^{+}/CD3e^{+}$, $CD69^{+}/B220^{+}$, $NK^{+}/CD3e^{+}$ cells in C57BL/6 mouse PBMCs of the sample groups treated with CTT herbal-acupuncture has increased compared with that of the control group. 3. The lung colony number of the sample groups CTT Herbal-acupuncture has decreased significantly compared with that of the control group. 4. MST and ILS of the sample groups CTT herbal-acupuncture have increased significantly compared with those of the control group.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.277-288
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to investigate the students' learning motive through the application of the learner-centered program Creative Teaching Technique(CTT) conducted by undergraduate school of Medical Record Information Management(MRIM), and to improve learning from the results. A questionnaire survey was carried out that started March to June 2013 among the sixty freshmen college students from the Health Administration Department who participated in the CTT during the 12 weeks training. The main results are as follows. The subjects' cognitive results form CTT were relativiely higher in 'increased voluntary participation(4.03)', 'improved concentration(4.00)', 'increased understanding(3.97)' in order. The effects of the tools used in CTT were higher as well in 'two members in a tem(4.08)', 'three-dimensional tools(4.03)' and 'quiz cards(3.95)' in order. While undergoing CTT, the learners considered reviewing repeatedly the content before starting and finishing as mostly helpful. Concludingly, this learner-centered CTT program identified having positive effects on their participation, concentration and understanding. To maximize the learning effects, development and activating a systematic, continuous and supportive program like this CTT is highly recommended.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2010

2 week study was conducted to investigate the effects of Interferential Current(IC) and Kaltenborn-Evjenth Orthopedic Manual Therapy(KEOMT) on functional constipation. Interventions were applied to spinal segments between $T_9-L_2$ which provides innervations to the gastrointestinal tract. Subjects(n=24) were randomly allocated to two treatment groups: the IC group or the KEOMT group. Results for the IC therapy demonstrated significant decrease with the colonic transit time(CTT) as well as scores on the constipation assessment scale(CAS). The frequency of defecations per week had increased significantly(p<0.05). The KEOMT displayed decreased CTT in the left colon region. The scores on the CAS were reduced and frequency of defecations per week had increased significantly (p<0.05). This study not only showed that both modes of therapy improved symptoms of constipation, but also optimized gastrointesti. nal content movement, eventuating in a more normalized CTT. In conclusion, both the IC therapy and the Kaltenborn-Evjenth Orthopedic Manual Therapy have shown to be effective interventions for improving functional constipation.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2009

Purpose: It is aimed to empirically apply and examine the effects of Creative Training Techniques (CTT) that focus on student-centered educational environment to an anatomy subject for biological nursing science education. Methods: A triangulation that combines cross-sectional survey and content analysis was used and the data were collected in 2008. Participants were 301 freshmen students attending one junior nursing college in Seoul, Korea. A questionnaire was distributed to 301 students, 289 of whom responded (response rate 96.0%), and used for data analysis. Factor analysis, reliability analysis, and descriptive statistics were conducted by using data analysis SPSS 14.0 KO for Windows programs. In addition contents analysis was conducted. Results: 1) CTT Increased the relationship between professor and students ($3.12{\pm}0.92$), 2) Students preferred the various team leader choosing method ($3.25{\pm}0.93$), 3) Model and image materials helped the learning ($3.71{\pm}0.89$). Conclusion: CTT can be used to enhance students' learning effectiveness. Intervention programs intensified by CTT may be useful to improve students' learning abilities in nursing science education.