• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.71-94
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• 2020

Purpose - Multi-National Enterprises (MNEs) tend to face a high level of institutional pressures in regions with high institutional development level. When complying with institutional pressures, firms try to make decisions to maximize profit while minimizing the risks to them. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the institutional development level on institutional compliance timing by MNEs and the relationship between compliance speed and corporate performance. Design/methodology - The research focuses on three main variables, which are the institutional development level (as a determination of the institutional pressure level), the firm's compliance speed (as a determination of the compliance timing), and the firm's financial performance (as a determination of the corporate performance). We collected 19,869 firm-level data from CSMAR (the China Stock Market and Accounting Research), 6,922 CSR data from RKS (the Rankins CSR Ratings), and province and city-level data from the NERIM (National Economic Research Institute Index of Marketization) and NBSC (National Bureau of Statistics of China). The firms in China were chosen for analysis, and the analysis period was from 2008 to 2017. Random Effects GLS Regression was used to test the relationships among the variables. Findings - This study examined the effect of the institutional development level on the firm's compliance speed, together with the effect of compliance speed on the firm's financial performance of the MNEs in China. We found that the institutional development level positively influenced firms' financial performances, which means the firms' financial performances are better in the region with a high institutional development level. The compliance speed of institutional practice by firms was faster in the higher level of institutional development. However, the firm's delayed compliance led to better financial performance. Originality/value - Studies in the resource dependence view of Institutional Theory often fall short in understanding the theory by overlooking the firm's active decision-making. Thus, the findings do not present a full scope of corporate performance in this regard. This study not only found a way to test the role of a firm's independent decision-making (i.e., compliance timing) when facing the institutional pressure but also prove the significant role of the compliance timing on corporate performance. Also, we were able to test the effect of institutional development level, controlling location-specific variables because we used CSR performance data for MNEs operating in China. Lastly, by doing the above, the findings of this study suggest practical implications to the industry practitioners in MNEs.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.188-194
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• 2016

Accurate estimation of shear flows in thin-walled beam section is the key issue to evaluate shear stress distribution of ship hull transverse section under the shear forces acting on hull girder. It is regarded that the method using the warping functions obtained by finite element formulation is the state of the art of this field. Recently, however, IACS took effect the new version of CSR in which direct calculation process of shear flow was suggested. In the direct calculation process, shear flow of ship hull section can be obtained by the addition of determinate and indeterminate shear flows calculated respectively. So, in this paper, the shear flow evaluation codes based on the process proposed by IACS CSR and warping function based method were developed respectively. The calculated results of shear flows for the several examples of ship sections were compared with each other and considered in detail.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.29-42
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• 2017

Objectives : This study aimed to identify the impact of social responsibility(CSR) activities by the hospital on the organizational commitment and value of the hospital by the internal members, to recognize the importance of staff carry out social responsibility activities effectively in the relevant departments, and use planning as a vital element or establishing a long-term hospital management strategy. Methods : Data were collected from 800 the administrative practioners of the hospitals in 200 hospitals nationwide. A structured questionnaire was used to measure the research variables using a 5-point Likert scale. The final sample consisting of 230 was analyzed using SPSS. Results : It was found that economic, legal, and charitable CSR have a statistically significant effect on organizational commitment and value of hospital Conclusions : The results suggest that hospitals should a fulfilling the obligation to abide by the norms and rules to be strictly observed, social services and charitable activities for the community are a strategy to increase the organizational commitment and hospital value in the long run. These activities should be actively pursued in a way that is sustainable and long-term so that they can improve to management performance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.681-688
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• 2010

As the concerning about Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) is increasing, corporate's expenditure about Corporate Social Responsibility is increasing year and year. As for this, we need the research about the effect of the expenditure about corporate social responsibility on financial performance. So, lot's of empirical researches have been tested in order to prove the relations between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance. But their results of study different from those of researchers due to the reasons of different methodologies and varieties of variables measuring. Therefore, in this article, setting two hypotheses with sampling 600 corporate firms from 2003 to 2005,first we analyzed financial performance of corporate which is carrying execution into corporate social responsibility and which is not. Second, we analyzed corporate which is carrying execution into corporate social responsibility before and after. In results of this paper, carrying execution into corporate social responsibility affects financial performance badly in short term. That's why we need to study for further more long term periods such as after 5-years or so. And financial performance of corporate which is carrying execution into corporate social responsibility is higher than others, accepting the second hypothesis just as this paper has set.

• Korean small business review
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.173-212
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• 2020

Interest in sustainable management based on the stakeholder perspective is expanding not only within an organization but also across the supply chain. For large companies that have established networks, sustainability management of the supply chain is now a factor that not only determines the social performance of the company as a whole, but also determines its long-term competitive position. Despite these changes in the business world, especially the proliferation of the sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) system, systematic research on SSCM has been lacking. In particular, there was a lack of empirical analysis on which factors promoted the establishment of the SSCM system for large companies and what's the effects of SSCM. In this regard, this study analyzes i) the impact of the social responsibility pressure of customers as external stakeholders and the CSR orientation of purchasing managers as internal stakeholders on supply chain transparency and partnership cooperation respectively, and ii) whether supply chain transparency and partnership cooperation can enhance corporate reputation. The samples used in this study were 69 large companies representing Korea. The results showed that the social responsibility pressure of customers and the purchasing manager's CSR orientation were positively related to the transparency of the supply chain. However, for partnership cooperation, only the purchasing manager's CSR orientation was found to have a positive and significant effect. Meanwhile, both supply chain transparency and partnership cooperation were positively related to the corporate reputation. At the end of the study, discussions on the implications of the results and future research directions will be presented.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.205-224
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• 2009

Social responsibility which a corporation should be aware of is increasing as it plays a more important role in society. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was taken by some huge entrepreneurs in the past. Conversely, CSR is prized one of important business activities for every corporate nowadays. Cause-related marketing draws particularly special attention among various CSRs, because it has a direct and positive effect on purchasing behavior. Marketing activity of Amway Korea is an excellent example of the cause-related marketing in Korea. Mid 2000s, some multilevel marketing firms had evaded the law, customer had negative attitude towards Amway Korea. Amway Korea, however, has overcome the difficulties by cause-related marketing, which is called campaign for Nutrilite's kid health. Present case examines the cause-related marketing, which Amway Korea has been doing for 10 years. Especially, we investigate specific factors, which differentiated CSR of Amway Korea from one of other firms. Lastly, we discuss a future action for Amway Korea's cause-related marketing and implications.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.51-61
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• 2011

The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was first introduced sixty years ago in the academic field. However, the phrase CSR was not explicitly stated before the 1990s in Korean business and academic researches. Recently CSR is more considered a corporate strategy than a philanthropic donation. CSR comprises contributions to local communities as well as using environmentally beneficial and humane practices. Sponsoring is one available marketing tactic used in order to communicate with the market. This study of sponsorship has concentrated on developing brand asset by accessing potential values of sporting events or star-players. However, sponsorship includes providing funds or goods to non-profit institutions as well as sports or entertainment organizations. Accordingly corporate community-specific sponsorship is defined as firms offering to provide money, goods and/or services to individuals and/or institutions within a particular community, thus establishing an interdependent relationship between the partners aspiring to gain social and economic assets. National sponsorship is typically targeted toward commonly recognized individuals and/or organizations with the intent to maximize exposure of a sponsor's brand, and is known to positively affect brand equity(community-specific sponsorship is committed to a limited local area) that a firm could benefit from by gaining a specific asset. POSCO sponsors the Jukdo Market, locate dinthe city of Pohang, tohelp revive their traditional market. Inreturn, the Jukdo Market merchant suni on display sflags with the POSCO embleminfrontof stores with in the market intending to make shopper sand merchant saware of POSCO's sponsorship. POSCO has succeeded in acquiring public support from the citizens of Pohang. However, the economic effects resulting from the cooperative relationship between POSCO and the Jukdo Market have yet to be measured by any empirical research. The purpose of this study is to assess the economic effects created by the community-specific sponsorship from the groups of merchants and shoppers, measuring its influence on the corporate image and subsequent brand loyalty, as parts of brand equity. The result of the study shows that the community-specific sponsorship of POSCO of the Jukdo Market had different influences on its corporate image and the brand loyalty of shoppers and merchants. First, the merchant group who was more frequently exposed to POSCO's flag recognized the sponsorship of POSCO more than the shopper group, and, therefore, had a better image of the company. Second, the recognition of POSCO's sponsorship had a positive influence on its corporate image, and that positive corporate image had a positive effect on brand loyalty development. However, the recognition of the sponsorship did not have a direct influence on brand loyalty. The friendly corporate image developed by the recognition of the sponsorship consequently could have had an effect on brand loyalty. Therefore, companies should not relinquish investments to corporate image development if they require more brand loyalty. Third, the influence of corporate image on brand loyalty shows stronger results in the shopper group rather than in the merchant group. Psycho-graphic factors of shoppers and merchants might give rise to the difference between the two groups.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2024

Both message appeals and individual characteristics can influence the effectiveness of sustainable product promotions. Applying the agency-communion orientation to the advertising message research context, this study examined the interplay between message appeals and agency-communication orientations in impacting purchase intentions. The findings from a 2 (message appeal: self-interest vs. public-interest message) × 2 (motivational orientation: agency vs. communion) experiment revealed a communion-over-agency effect on consumer purchasing decisions for public-interest message appeals. In the self-interest message condition, we found no statistically significant difference in impact between agency and communion on purchase intentions. In short, we contribute to advertising effectiveness research by showing that agency-communion orientations moderate the effect of message appeals. We also explain the practical implications of these findings for effective sustainable communication in advertisements based on individuals' motivational orientations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.916-923
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• 2005

In this study, to observe aging effect of undrained shear behavior for Nak-Dong River sand, undrained static and cyclic triaxial tests were performed with changing relative density ($D_r$), consolidation stress ratio($K_c$) and consolidation time. As a result of the test, the modulus of elasticity to all samples estimated within elastic zone by the micro strain of about 0.05% in case of static shear behavior increased with the lapse of consolidation time significantly, so aging effect was shown largely. Also strength of phase transformation point(S_{PT}$) and strength of critical stress ratio point($S_{CSR}$) increased with the lapse of consolidation time. Undrained cyclic shear strength($R_f$) obtained from the failure strain 5% increased in proportion to relative density($D_r$) and initial static shear stress($q_{st}$), $R_f$ of consolidated sample for 1,000 minutes increased about 10.6% compared to that for 10 minutes at the loose sand, and $R_f$ increased about 7.0% at the medium sand. In situ application range of $R_f$ to the magnitude of earthquake for Nak-Dong River sand was proposed by using a increasing rate of $R_f$ as being aging effect shown from this test result.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.953-962
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of environmental performance and good corporate governance (GCG) on the firm values mediated by corporate social responsibility (CSR). The sample in this study was obtained using a purposive sampling method and collected from 205 companies. The analytical method used is moderating regression analysis. The results of this study indicate, first, that corporate social responsibility affects the value of the company. The results of this study indicate that the better corporate governance will increase the value of the firm and vice versa. Second, corporate social responsibility has a direct effect on the firm value, but the effect is still smaller when compared with the internal mechanisms of good corporate governance. This study also found that corporate social responsibility cannot mediate the effect of good corporate governance on firm value. Third, the company's environmental performance influences the company's value. Finally, the effect of environmental performance on company value will be better if mediated by corporate social responsibility. This result shows that environmental performance is a proof that the company's environmental and social concern, which is manifested in corporate social responsibility, will be responded positively by the market so that it will increase share prices (firm value).