• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.208-215
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• 1995

Numerous solution methods for scheduling problems such as part dispatching problem, operation sequence problem have been suggested as a means to be embedded in hierarchical or centralized shop floor control. Under the preceding control philosophies, however, response to changes in the shop floor status is quite slow and timely decision is sometimes impossible. Moreover, the control software becomes too large and it is almost impossible to modify the control software when the configuration of the shop floor changes. In agile manufacturing which emerged recently to cope with quick response and easy modifiability when unexpected changes occur, a new control policy is needed. CSCW[Computer Supported Cooperative Work] based shop floor control casts a different view on scheduling problems. Decisions are made locally when requested and useful information is scattered among agents for its efficient use. Adaptation is easy because agents are -'plug compatible or portable. In this paper, scheduling problems occurring under CSCW based shop floor control are identified and characterized. Traditional scheduling problems are reviewed from the CSCW viewpoint. All the control entities involved in the shop floor can be found and used to defined agents. With these entities and CSCW concept, possible scheduling problems are identified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.193-200
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• 1995

A shop floor control system(SFCS), a central part of agile manufacturing, performs the production activities required to fill orders. In order to effectively control these activities, CSCW (computer supported cooperative work) is adopted where a supervisor does not exist. In this paper, we define functional perspective of CSCW-based shop floor control using planning, scheduling, and execution functions. In particular, we focus on an execution model that can coordinate the planning and scheduling functions. Execution can be defined informally as a function that downloads and performs a set of scheduled tasks. Execution is also responsible for identifying and resolving various errors whether they come from hardware or software. The purpose of this research is to identify all the execution activities and solving techniques under the assumptions of CSCW-based heterarchical control architecture. This paper also proposes a classification scheme for execution activities of CSCW-based heterarchical control architecture. Petri-nets are used as a unified framework for modeling and controlling execution activities. For solving the nonexistence of a supervisor, A negotiation-based solution technique is utilized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.185-192
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• 1995

A common control model used to implement computer integrated manufacturing(CIM) is based on the hierarchical decomposition of the shop floor activities, in which supervisory controllers are responsible for all the interactions among subordinates. Although the hierarchical control philosophy provides for easy understanding of complex systems, an emerging manufacturing paradigm, agile manufacturing, requires a new control structure necessary to accommodate the rapid development of a shop floor controller. This is what is called CSCW(computer supported cooperative work)-based control or component-based heterarchical control. As computing resources and communication network on the shop floor become increasingly intelligent and powerful, the new control architecture is about to come true in a modern CIM system. In this paper, CSCW-based control is adopted and investigated, in which a controller for a unit of device performs 3 main functions - planning, scheduling and execution. In this paper, attention is paid to a planning function and all the detailed planning activities for CSCW-based shop floor control are identified. Interactions with other functions are also addressed. Generally speaking, planning determines tasks to be scheduled in the future. In other words, planning analyzes process plans and transforms process plans into detailed plans adequate for shop floor control. Planning is also responsible for updating the process plan and identifying/resolving replanning activities whether they come from scheduling or execution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.201-207
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• 1995

이제까지의 생산 시스템 컨트롤은 여러 개의 계층을 통해 상위 컨트롤러가 하위의 컨트롤러를 관리하는 계층적/감독(hierarchical$^{ervisory}$)컨트롤 방식이 일반적이었다. 그러나 생산 시스템의 규모가 증가하고, 이를 운용하는 컨트롤 소프트웨어가 복잡해짐에 따라 전통적인 계층적/감독 컨트롤 방식은 몇 가지의 문제점을 가지게 되었다. 첫째, 계층간의 관리 구조가 복잡해짐에 따라 현장의 생산 정보가 의사결정을 하는 상위의 시스템에 즉시 전달되지 못한다. 이는 실시간 의사결정이 필요한 많은 컨트롤 문제를 야기시킨다. 둘째, 생산시스템의 레이아웃 및 운영 방식에 변화가 생겼을 때 컨트롤 소프트웨어를 신속히 수정하기가 어렵다. 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위한 방법으로 수평적/협동(heterarchical/cooperative) 컨트롤 방식이 제시된다. 이는 신속한 의사결정과 변화에 따른 수정이 용이하도록 가공, 조립, 물류등 생산 시스템의 여러 단위 요소의 자율적인 컨트롤러가 계층이 없이, 서로 동등한 입장에서 협동을 통해 컨트롤이 이루어진다. 본 연구에서는 수평적/협동 컨트롤 방식하에서 조립 시스템이 가져야 할 기능과 컨트롤 방법을 제시한다. 아울러, 조립 시스템 컨트롤러가 다른 컨트롤러들과 교환하는 정보 및 컨트롤 대상을 규명한다.