• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2007

Cyclosporin A (CsA) plays an important role in clinical medicine and basic biology as an immunosuppressant and a mitochondrial permeability blocker, respectively. It was reported that CsA has a protective role by preventing apoptosis and promoting the proliferation in severed neurons. However, the molecular mechanisms for CsA-induced neuronal cell proliferation are unclear. In this study, we examined the mechanisms underlying the CsA-induced proliferation of PC12 cells. CsA increased the viability of PC12 cells in a dose(over $0.1{\sim}10\;{\mu}M$)-and time-dependent manner. The level of ROS generation was decreased in the CsA-treated PC12 cells. Expression of Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic molecule that inhibits the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol, was upregulated, whereas Bax, a proapototic molecule, was not changed in the CsA-treated PC12 cells. CsA downregulated the mRNA expression of VDAC 1 and VDAC 3, but VDAC 2 was not changed in the CsA-treated PC12 cells. The level of cytosolic cytochrome c released from the mitochondria and the caspase-3 activity were attenuated in the CsA-treated PC12 cells. These results suggest that the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signal and Bcl-2 family may play an important role in CsA-induced proliferation in PC12 cells.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 2022

QM7 cell, a quail muscle cell line, has been used in various studies. In cell culture, it is well known that the culture medium has a significant influence on cell growth and maintenance of cell characteristics. This study aimed to adjust the culture medium to make it more suitable for QM7 muscle cells. A culture medium was prepared by adding 2% chicken serum (CS) instead of 10% tryptose phosphate broth (TPB) to the conventional culture medium. In the culture medium prepared with CS, the QM7 muscle cells changed from a pointed, thin to a broader shape. In addition, they grew and divided more rapidly in the new culture medium than in the conventional culture medium. The number of cells increased faster in the CS-containing culture medium from day two after passaging, and significantly increased from day three. The muscle cells grown in the medium containing CS maintained their undifferentiated state prior to differentiation. Myotubes formed well when the cells were maintained in CS-containing medium, resulting in a longer length and uniformity. According to the above results, it is clear that the culture of QM7 myocytes using a medium containing CS rather than TPB helps obtain better results in cell maintenance and differentiation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2001.09a
• /
• pp.191-194
• /
• 2001

The electrokinetic apparatus for remediation of the soil contaminated with Cs$^{+}$was designed. After kaolin clay was compulsorily contaminated by Cs$^{+}$ solution, the remediation characteristics by electrokinetic method were analyzed. After remediation experiment, the pH of the cathode side of the soil column was increased to 12.7 due to the generation of OH in cathode reservoir, but no hydroxide cesium form in the cathode side. Effluent rate from the cathode almost was constant and cesium concentration of effluent decreased with time passage. The 49% of a total of Cs$^{+}$ in the column was decontaminated for 0.4 day, the 72% of a total of Cs$^{+}$ in the column was decontaminated for 0.8 day, the 83% of a total of Cs$^{+}$ in the column was decontaminated for 1.2 days, the 89% of a total of Cs$^{+}$ in the column was decontaminated for 1.6 days, and the 93% of a total of Cs$^{+}$ in the column was decontaminated for 2.1 day Meanwhile, the predicted values of residual concentration by the developed model were quite similar to those obtained from experiments.m experiments.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.56 no.8
• /
• pp.3097-3111
• /
• 2024

Since the level 2 PSA of OPR-1000 was the requirement for regulatory purposes, Cs-137 release estimation was contained as the Nuclear Safety Act of ROK in which the Cs-137 release frequency exceeding 100 TBq was determined to happen less than 1.0E-6 per year after the Fukushima Daiichi Accident. However, Cs-137 release estimation from the conventional level 2 PSA of OPR-1000 provided uncertainty due to dominant accident sequence consideration. Thus, this study aimed to develop systematic methods through the overall framework to quantify realistic uncertainty concerns of radioactive material release using sensitivity and uncertainty analysis methods and apply them to OPR-1000. This framework helped to quantify confidential value for the Cs-137 release under the BEPU approach using both parametric and non-parametric methods to cover both realistic and conservative points. Uncertainty propagation analysis showed the unexpected uncertainty increase of Cs-137 release exceeding 100 TBq. The non-parametric uncertainty analysis provided higher conservative concerns for safety than the realistic concerns in terms of economics when compared with the parametric uncertainty analysis. Wilks' uncertainty analysis showed the importance to consider conservative Cs-137 release in order to reach the higher safety need. Sensitivity analysis showed reasonable relationships between engineering safety parameters with the Cs-137 release.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 1994

$\^$137/Cs gamma ray induced thermoluminescenc(TL) from Na$\^$+/ ion implanted Al$_2$O$_3$ and unimplanted Al$_2$O$_3$ and the TL from Na$\^$+/ ion implanted Al$_2$O$_3$ are measured over the temperature range of 340K～620K. The TL curve of Na$\^$+/ ion implanted Al$_2$O$_3$ induced by $\^$137/Cs gamma ray is split into iolated TL peak located at 415K, 452K, 508K, and 568K. Because that the concentration of trapped char he carries of $\^$137/Cs gamma ray induced Al$_2$O$_3$ implanted with Na$\^$+/ ion is larger than that of Na$\^$+/ ion only implanted Al$_2$O$_3$, and the trap concentration of Na$\^$+/ ion implanted Al$_2$O$_3$ is much than that of $\^$137/Cs gamma ray only irradiated Al$_2$O$_3$, the TL intensity of Na$\^$+/ ion implanted Al$_2$O$_3$ induced by $\^$137/Cs gamma ray is about 20 times and 5 times higher than that of Al$_2$O$_3$ only implanted with Na$\^$+/ ion and Al$_2$O$_3$ only irradiated with $\^$137/Cs gamma ray, respectively. In proportion as ion implantation does and energy are incresed, the number of generated defects and the rate of defect creation are incresed, respectively. Therefore the TL intensity of ion implanted Al$_2$O$_3$ is depend on ion dose and energy. Acccrding to increse of incident ion mass, the TL intensity of ion implanted Al$_2$O$_3$ is abruptly decresce. This result showes that the TL intensity of ion implanted Al$_2$O$_3$ is closely related to ion depth range as wll as rate of defect creatin. The TL intensity of ion implanted Al$_2$O$_3$ is found to be related with defects generated by ion implantation. Table Caption

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.106-116
• /
• 1998

The adsorption of Cs-137 and Sr-90 onto kaolinite in prescence of major groundwater cations (Ca2+, K+, Na+) with different concentrations was simulated by using triple-layer surface complexation model (TL-SCM). The site density (8.73 sites/nm2) of kaolinite used for TL-SCM was calculated from it's CEC and specific surface area. TL-SCM modeling results indicate that concentrations dependence on 137Cs and 90Sr adsorption onto kaolinite as a function of pH is best modeled as an outer-sphere surface reaction. This suggests that Cs+ and Sr2+ are adsorbed at the $\beta$-layer in kaolinite-water interface where the electrolytes, Nacl, KCl and CaCl2, bind. However, TL-SCM results on Sr adsorption show a discrepancy between batch data and fitting data in alkaline condition. This may be due to precipitation of SrCO3 and complexation such as SrOH+. Intrinsic reaction constants of ions obtained from model fit are as follows: Kintcs=10-2.10, KintSr=10-2.30, KintK=10-2.80, KintCa=10-3.10 and KintNa=10-3.32. The results are in the agreement with competition order among groundwater ions (K+>Ca2+>Na+) and sorption reference of nuclides (Cs-137>Sr-90) at kaolinite-water interface showed in batch test.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.164-168
• /
• 1999

For investigating transfer factors of $^{137}Cs$ in the arable land of Korea, mature crop plants and topsoils were collected from paddy and upland fields located at 33 areas of the country and $^{137}Cs$ concentrations were measured by ${\gamma}-spectrometry$. The $^{137}Cs$ concentrations in soil were in the range of $0.7{\sim}17.7$ Bq/kg-dry in the paddy fields and $1.2{\sim}27.8$ Bq/kg-dry in the upland fields. The $^{137}Cs$concentrations in hulled seed, detected for 12 areas only, were in the range of $0.019{\sim}0.111$ Bq/kg-dry and those in Chinese cabbage, detected also for 12 areas only, were in the range of $0.012{\sim}0.066$ Bq/kg-fresh. Soil-to-plant transfer factors of $^{137}Cs$ were in the range of $1.2{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}1.1{\times}10^{-2}$ for hulled seed and $6.8{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1.7{\times}10^{-2}$ for Chinese cabbage. Inboth plant stuffs, the factor tended to decrease with increasing soil organic matter or cation exchange capacity and, in hulled seed, it tended to increase with increasing soil clay content. No statistical significance was, however, found in all those relationships. Present results can be utilized for estimating radiation risk resulting from the food consumption by Korean people and deciding agronomical counter-measures at the time of an nuclear accident.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2019

The adsorption properties of $Cs^+$ and $Cu^{2+}$ ions were evaluated by using a polysulfone scoria zeolite (PSf-SZ) composite with synthetic zeolite synthesized from Jeju volcanic rocks (scoria). In order to investigate the adsorption properties, various parameters, such as pH, contact time, reaction rate, concentration, and temperature in aqueous solutions, were evaluated by tests carried out in batch experiments. The adsorption capacities of $Cs^+$ and $Cu^{2+}$ ions increased between pH 2 but achieved equilibrium at pH 4 and above. The adsorption rate increased rapidly up to the initial 24 h, after which it plateaued ; the adsorption rate then sustained at equilibrium from 48 h. The adsorption kinetics of $Cs^+$ and $Cu^{2+}$ ions were described better by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The Langmuir model fitted the adsorption isotherm data better than the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacities of $Cs^+$ and $Cu^{2+}$ ions obtained from the Langmuir model were 53.8 mg/g and 84.7 mg/g, respectively. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of $Cs^+$ and $Cu^{2+}$ ions on PSf-SZ was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic reaction.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.335-340
• /
• 2012

During the manufacturing process of chestnut, 50% of biomass is produced as chestnut shell (CS) or chestnut hull (CH), a forestry by-product. Due to its high fiber content and economic benefit, there is a possibility of using chestnut hull as a supplement for a ruminant diet. Few studies, however, have been conducted on evaluating nutritive value of chestnut hull for ruminant animals. The objective of this study were thus to analyze chemical composition of CS, a by-product after the first processing of chestnut, and CH, a by-product after the second processing, and access in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of them. For the in vitro fermentation using strained rumen fluid obtained from a fistulated Hanwoo steer, commercial total mixed ration (TMR) for dairy goat was used as a basal diet and was replaced with different proportions of chestnut shell and hull. A total number of 13 treatments were carried out in this study: 100% TMR, 100% CS, 100% CH, a mix with 50% CS and 50% of CH (MIX), TMR replaced with 5%, 10%, or 15% of CS, CH, or MIX, respectively. For each treatment, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and pH after 48 hours of rumen fermentation were measured. Gas production at 6, 12, 24, 48 hours of incubation was also analyzed. Compared to CH, CS contains higher level of fiber (NDF, ADF, lignin) and consequently has a lower amount of non-fiber carbohydrate, but no difference was observed in the other nutrients (i.e. crude protein, crude fat, and ash). IVDMD was significantly (p<0.05) the highest in 100% CH (71.97%) and the lowest in 100% CS (42.80%). Addition of CH by replacing TMR did not affect IVDMD, while an increase in the proportion of CS tended to decrease IVDMD. The total gas production after 48 hours of incubation and the rate of gas production were also the highest in 100% CH and the lowest in 100% CS (P<0.05). Likewise, the pH after 48 hours of fermentation was significantly (p<0.05) the lowest in 100% CH (6.33) and the highest in 100% CS (6.50), and no significant difference in gas production was observed when TMR was replaced with CS or CH up to 15% (P>0.05). In conclusion, CH may successfully be used for a supplement in a ruminant diet. The nutritive value of CS is relative low, but can replace, if not 100%, low quality forage. This study provides valuable information about the nutritive value of CS and CH. An in vivo trials, however, is needed for conclusively accessing the nutritive value of CS and CH.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2000

Purpose: Cyclosporine(CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant but the use of CsA is associated with various side effects, especially nephrotoxicity. In tile kidney, salt depletion activates tile renin-angiotensin-aldosteron(RAS) system and accentuates chronic CsA nephropathy. We postulate that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEI) can prevent chronic CsA nephropathy, since ACEI may inhibit this cascades. This study was aimed to assess the effect of ACEI on chronic cyclosporin nephropathy in salt depleted rats. Methods: 36 Fischer-344 rats were divided into 6 goups. Group I received normal salt diet(NSD). Group II received a low salt diet(LSD). Group III received CsA with a NSD. Group IV received CsA with a LSD. Group V received NSD+CsA with ACEI. Group VI received LSD+CsA with ACEI. Rats were sacrificed after six weeks and the glomerular filtration rate(GFR), serum sodium, potassium and whole blood cyclosporine levels were measured. Renal tissues me sampled for the observation of histological changes. Results: No differences in blood CsA level & serum sodium were found between groups during the course of this experiment. Serum potassium in group VI was significantly increased compared with group IV and V (P<0.05). In groups treated with CsA only and in those where CsA was combined with ACEI, GFR was found to be significantly more decreased in LSD than NSD, and GFR in group V was significantly decreased in comparison with group III (P<0.05). Renal histologic lesions associated with CsA which consisted of cortical interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and hyalinization of arterioles were more severe in tile LSD group. But, no differences were observed between tile groups treated with CsA and ACEI, and the groups treated with only CsA. Conclusion: Salt depletion associated with the activation of the RAS system accentuated chronic CsA nephrotoxicity, but, ACEI could not reduce the functional and morphological changes of salt depleted kidneys, in which nephropathy can be exacerbated in spite of the blocking of the angiotensin II pathway. further studies are required to elucidate whether Am ameliorated the effect of salt-depleted CsA nephrotoxicity upon the effective renal blood flow.