• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2003

Objective: The expression of CRF(corticotropin releasing factor), CRF-R(receptor) and CRF-BP(binding protein) in CNS neurons projecting to the stomach and ST36 using the pseudorabies virus in the rat was investigated. Methods: After survival times of 5 days following injection of PRV-Ba-Gal, The thirty rats were perfused, and their brain were frozen sectioned($30{\mu}m$). These sections were stained by PRV-Ba-Gal histochemical staining method and(or) CRF, CRF-R and CRF-BP immunohistochemical method. The common expressed areas of the brain projecting to the stomach and zusanli(ST36) following injection of PRV-Ba-Gal were observed with light microscope. Results: 1) The dense accumulation of CRF-immunoreactive terminals is seen in the area postrema, n. tractus solitarius, external zone of the median eminence, with some immunoreactive CRF also present in the internal zone. 2) Aggregates of CRF-R immunoreactive perikarya are found in area postrema, n. tractus solitarius, lateral reticular n., gigantocellular reticular n., locus coeruleues, paraventricular n. of hypothalamus, median eminence, preoptic n., arcuate n. and hind limb area of cerebral cortex. 3) Aggregates of CRF-BP immunoreactive perikarya are found in area postrema, n. tractus solitarius, lateral reticular nucleus, gigantocellular reticular n., locus coeruleues, paraventricular n. of hypothalamus, median eminence and arcuate n.. Conclusions : These results suggest that PRV-Ba-Gal labeled areas projecting to stomach and ST36 may be related to the central autonomic pathways. A part of CNS neurons projecting to the stomach and ST36 were related to expression of CRF, CRF-R and CRF-BP related to the stress in central autonomic center.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2018

CRFR is involved in the pathophysiology of various disorders including depression, stress, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and addiction. The discovery of novel and structurally diverse CRF1 receptor inhibitors becomes essential. In this study, we have performed molecular docking of CRF1R with the derivatives of 8-substituted-2-aryl-5-alkylaminoquinolines as CRF1R inhibitors. The antagonist molecules were optimized and docked into the binding site of the receptor. On analysing the docked complexes we have identified that the residues HIS214, THR215, ARG227, ARG1008, LYS1060 and ASP1061 are important in forming hydrogen bond with the inhibitors. Further studies on these residues could reveal important structural features required for the formation of CRF1R-inhibitor complex and thus in the discovery of novel and potent inhibitors.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2001

Background : Nervous system dysfunction is a major complication of end stage renal disease. Although severe neurologic symptoms are partially or completely reversed by adequate hemodialysis, even optimally dialyzed patients will usually not return to normal neurocognitive function. To investigate the influence of chronic renal failure and hemodialysis on higher cognitive function electrophysiologically, we studied auditory P300 event-related potentials in 14 hemodialysis patients and 14 age- and sex-matched normal healthy controls. Methods : The subjects consisted of 14 patients(M: 6, F: 8) with chronic renal failure(CRF) for 1 to 10 years and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls(M: 5, F: 9). For the reliability of study, patients with diabetes mellitus, abnormal brain CT findings, or low mini-mental state score(below 20) were excluded. Event related potentials(ERPs) for hemodialysis patients were performed at pre- and post-hemodialysis. To obtain ERPs, subjects underwent 2-tone auditory discrimination test(oddball paradigm). Results : Although the age(control: $48.79{\pm}10.31years$, CRF: $51.21{\pm}7.61years$) and mini-mental state score(control: $27.00{\pm}1.71points$, predialysis CRF: $25.07{\pm}3.58points$) were not different in normal control and CRF groups significantly(P>0.05), P300 latencies at Cz(control: $288.11{\pm}17.36msec$, predialysis CRF: $332.35{\pm}42.34msec$) were significantly delayed(P<0.05)and the duration of Trail making test A was significantly prolonged(control: $64.2{\pm}24.2sec$, CRF: $118.9{\pm}101sec$) in CRF group. P300 latencies between pre- and post-hemodialysis CRF patients(predialysis CRF: $332.35{\pm}42.34msec$, postdialysis CRF: $325.82{\pm}38.69msec$) were not significantly different. The P300 latency was not related with the duration of CRF(Spearman's correlation test, r=0.25, P>0.05) and the frequency of hemodialysis(Spearman's correlation test, r=0.28, P>0.05). Conclusions : From these results, we suggest that P300 latency is valuable in evaluating cognitive brain dysfunction in patients with CRF and hemodialysis does not have a significant effect on cognitive brain dysfunction in patients with CRF.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2012

이번 연구는 만성신부전이 있는 개에서 대황 추출물($Rubenal^{(R)}$)의 치료적 효과와 부작용을 평가하기 위해서 실시되었다. 보호자가 있는 만성신부전 IRIS II-III 단계의 개 40마리가 이번 연구에서 사용되었다. 개들에게 동일한 모양의 대황 추출물과 위약을 투여한 후 0, 30, 90, 180일 동안 관찰, 평가하였다: BSC, 임상적 평가(식욕, 다음/다뇨, QOL), 혈액 검사(WBC, RBC, PCV), 혈청화학검사(ALT/AST, ALP, Creatinine /BUN, Total protein, albumin), 전해질검사(Na, K, Cl, Ca, iCa, P), 혈압, 요검사(UPC, 요비중) 그리고 IRIS 단계를 평가하였다. 이번 연구에서 개들에게 대황 추출물을 적용하였을 때 부작용 없이 잘 받아들이는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 통계학적으로 임상적 평가(수의사와 보호자의 QOL)와 혈청 BUN, creatinine 수치, 혈청 인 농도, 단백뇨의 양, 그리고 만성신부전의 IRIS 점수가 루비날치료 6개월 후에 유의성 있게 개선되었다. 이러한 발견은 대황의 추출물은 만성신부적의 임상증상(i.e., azotemia, hypertension, proteinuria, hyperphosphoremia)과 삶의 질(i.e., body condition score, appetite and PD/PU)을 향상시키고, 개에서 만성신부전의 진행을 늦출 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 그러므로 대황 추출물은 준임상적, 그리고 임상적으로 신장 질환을 치료하고 있는 개에게 좋은 보조제가 될 수 있다. 하지만 본 연구는 작은 규모의 파일럿 연구이므로 이중 맹검법의 대규모 실험을 통해 보다 정확한 실험결과의 재현이 요구된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1529-1535
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• 2000

The aim of the present study was to determine whether brain corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and a new peptide, urocortin (UCN) have a direct action in brain mechanisms controlling feed, water and salt intake in sheep. We gave a continuous intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of the peptide at a small dose of $5{\mu}g/0.2ml/hr$ for 98.5 hrs from day 1 to day 5 in sheep not exposed to stress. Feed and water intake during ICV infusion of CRF or UCN decreased significantly compared to those during artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infusion. NaCl intake during infusion of CRF or UCN was the same as that during CSF infusion. Mean carotid arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate during ICV infusion of CRF or UCN were not significantly different from that during CSF infusion. On the other hand, the plasma glucose concentration during ICV infusion of CRF or UCN tended to be higher than that during CSF infusion. These observations indicate that decreased feed intake induced by CRF and UCN infusion is not mediated by the activation of both the pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. The results suggested that brain CRF and UCN act directly in brain mechanisms controlling ingestive behavior to decrease feed and water intake, but do not alter salt intake in sheep.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2019년도 제60차 하계학술대회논문집 27권2호
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• pp.273-276
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 열 및 전기특성 플라스틱 복합수지와 한글에 특화된 인공지능 기술을 개발하기 위한 조성/물성 정보 복합수지 지식베이스를 구축하고자 국내 특허 문헌에서 화학 용어를 추출하고자 한다. 이를 위해 전문용어가 많이 쓰인 특허 문헌의 특수성을 고려하여 UIMA(Unstructured Information Management Architecture) 규칙 기반의 라이브러리를 사용해 한국어 화학 용어 코퍼스를 구축하고 이를 기반으로 딥러닝 알고리즘 중 하나인 Bidirectional LSTM-CRF를 기반으로 특허 문헌에서 화학 용어를 자동으로 추출하는 알고리즘을 연구하고자 한다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2011

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of control-release fertilizer (CRF) on pollutant loadings from a small watershed. The Baran watershed, 386 ha in size, was selected as the study site, and the AGNPS (Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution) model was used to evaluate the effects of fertilizer types. Digital maps of digital elevation (DEM), slope distribution, channel, flow direction, landuse, soil, and curve number were extracted from the study watershed. Model parameters related to hydrology and water quality were calibrated and validated by comparing model predictions with the observed data collected for 2 years (1999 to 2000). Calibration and validation resulted in $R^2$ values of 0.75-0.91 for all the water quality parameters. All the paddy fields (21.2 %) of the study watershed were sprayed by either CRF or NPK (standard fertilizer). In CRF application, total nitrogen (TN) load was 4.9% less than NPK application, however total phosphorus (TP) load was 0.7 % more than NPK application. In CRF application, considering only paddy fields in the study area, TN load was 38.7 % less than NPK application. Using CRF in paddy fields could be one of the ways to reduce pollutant loadings from agricultural watersheds, however, in order to confirm it, more researches about effects of using CRF are necessary.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-depressive effects of BanHaHuBakTang-kami (BHHBT) on an animal model of depression induced by chronic immobility stress. Methods: Mice were treated daily with immobilization stress for 2 hours over a period of 21 days. To examine the effect of BHHBT, we performed behavioral, biochemical and histological analysis to measure immobility time (FST), brain neurotransmitter concentration (HPLC, ELISA), hippocampal damage (H&E staining) and CRF-R1 expression (immunohistochemistry). Results: BHHBT has reduced the immobility time of immobilization stress exposed mice in the forced swimming test. BHHBT has increased the amount of serotonin in the brain. BHHBT has increased the expression level of serotonin in the brain. BHHBT 540 mg/kg were sufficient to prevent tissue damage in the hippocampus region. BHHBT has reduced the expression level of CRF receptors in the hippocampus region. Conclusions: These results suggest that BHHBT may have anti-depressive effects on mice treated with immobilization stress by reducing immobility, increasing brain serotonin concentration and reducing CRF-R1 expression in the hippocampus region.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2023

Network security situational awareness systems helps in better managing the security concerns of a network, by monitoring for any anomalies in the network connections and recommending remedial actions upon detecting an attack. An Intrusion Detection System helps in identifying the security concerns of a network, by monitoring for any anomalies in the network connections. We have proposed a CRF based IDS system using genetic search feature selection algorithm for network security situational awareness to detect any anomalies in the network. The conditional random fields being discriminative models are capable of directly modeling the conditional probabilities rather than joint probabilities there by achieving better classification accuracy. The genetic search feature selection algorithm is capable of identifying the optimal subset among the features based on the best population of features associated with the target class. The proposed system, when trained and tested on the bench mark NSL-KDD dataset exhibited higher accuracy in identifying an attack and also classifying the attack category.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2005년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.32 No.1 (B)
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• pp.484-486
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• 2005

본 논문은 백과사전 도메인의 지식베이스 설계 및 통계기반 정보추출 방법을 이용한 속성정보 인식에 대하여 기술한다. 층 13개 카테고리로 구성된 백과사전에 대해 99개의 템플릿과 285개의 속성을 정의하였으며, 각 표제어의 추출 대상인 속성정보는 표제어를 설명하는 본문에서 통계기반 기계학습모델인 CRF(Conditional Random Fields)를 적용하여 추출하였다. 백과사전 카테고리 별로 균일하게 선정된 4천 5백 문서를 학습에 사용하였고 테스트 문서셋 500문서에 대해 속성인식률을 측정하였다. 성능 평가한 결과, $F1\;55.76\%\;(P\;74.89\%,\;R\;44.42\%)$의 성능을 나타내었다.