• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.48-72
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effects of Yongdamsagantang on the polycystic ovary(PCO) induced by estradiol valerate(EV) in rats. Methods: After administrating Yongdamsagan-tang to PCO induced rats, we measured the weight of body, ovaries, adrenal glands, and uterus of rats. The observation through naked eye and histopathological observation of ovaries were evaluated. Also, the number of follicle and corpora lutea and content of androstenedione(ADD) and total estrogen were evaluated. The expressions of nerve growth factor(NGF) and corticotropin releasing factor(CRF) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The breeding rate and number of implantation with normal male rats were evaluated. Results: - The weight(mg) of ovaries in YST treated group($73.8{\pm}7.6$) was significantly increased(p<0.001) compared with control group($54.3{\pm}4.5$). - The number of mature follicles in YST treated group($7.3{\pm}2.4$) was significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with control group($3.5{\pm}1.2$). - The number of atretic follicles in YST treated group($9.0{\pm}1.5$) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group($13.4{\pm}3.8$). - The number of cystic follicles in YST treated group($3.1{\pm}1.1$) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group($6.0{\pm}2.0$). - The number of corpora lutea in YST treated group($3.8{\pm}2.1$) was significantly increased(p<0.001) compared with control group($0.3{\pm}0.7$). - The expression of NGF-immunoreactive cells in the ovarian granulosa cells in YST treated group was lesser observed than control group. - The expression of NGF-immunoreactive cells in the adrenal cortex in YST treated group was lesser observed than control group. - The breeding rate in YST treated group(100 %) was significantly increased (p<0.05) compared with control group(50 %). - The number of implantation in YST treated group($6.4{\pm}4.7$) was significantly increased(p<0.05) compared with control group($1.4{\pm}2.6$). Conclusions: We concluded that Yongdamsagan-tang activates the maturation of follicles, normal ovulation, breeding rate and number of implantation. Therefore, this may be effective for the treatment of anovulation, amenorrhea and sterility of PCOS patients.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.805-817
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• 2009

This study was to investigate central localization of neurons projecting to the urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints(Wijung, $BL_{40}$) and neurons of immunoreactive to hormones and hormone receptors regulating urinary bladder function by using peudorabies virus(PRV). In this experiment, Bartha's strain of pseudorabies virus was used in rats to trace central localization of urinary bladder-related neurons and urinary bladder-related acupoints($BL_{40}$) which can regulate urinary system. PRV was injected into the urinary bladder and acupoints($BL_{40}$) related urinary system. After six days survival of rats, mainly common labeled neurons projecting to the urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints were identified in spinal cord, medulla, pons and diencephalon by PRV immunohistochemical staining method. First-order PRV labeled neurons projecting to urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints were found in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord. Commonly labeled preganglionic neurons were labeled in the lumbosacral spinal cord and thoracic spinal cord. They were found in the lateral horn area(sacral parasympathetic nucleus and intermediolateral nucleus), lamina V-X, intermediomedial nucleus and dorsal column area. The area of sensory neurons projecting to urinary bladder and Wijung($BL_{40}$) was L5-S2 spinal ganglia and T12-L1 spinal ganglia, respectively. In the brainstem, the neurons were labeled most evidently and consistently in the nucleus of tractus solitarius, area postrema, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, reticular nucleus, raphe nuclei(obscurus, magnus and pallidus), C3 adrenalin cells, parapyramidal area(lateral paragigantocellular nucleus), locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus nucleus, A5 cell group, Barrington's nucleus and periaqueductal gray matter. In the diencephalon, PRV labeled neurons were marked mostly in the paraventricular nucleus and a few ones were in the lateral hypothalamic nucleus, posterior hypothalamic nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, median eminence, perifornical nucleus, periventricular nucleus and suprachiasmatic nucleus. In cerebral cortex, PRV labeled neurons were marked mostly in the frontal cortex, 1,2 area, hind limb area, agranular insular cortex. Immunoreactive neurons to Corticotropin releasiing factor(CRF), Corticotropin releasiing factor-receptor(CRF-R), c-fos and serotonin were a part of labeled areas among the virus-labeled neurons of urinary bladder and Wijung($BL_{40}$). The commonly labeled areas were nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema, reticular nucleus, raphe nuclei(obscurus, magnus and pallidus), locus coeruleus, A5 cell group, Barrington,s nucleus, arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, frontal cortex 1, 2 area, hind limb, and perirhinal(agranular insular) cortex. These results suggest that overlapped CNS locations are related with autonomic nuclei which regulate the functions of urinary bladder-relate organs and it was revealed by tracing PRV labeled neurons projecting urinary bladder and urinary bladder-related acupoints. These commonly labeled areas often overlap with the neurons connected with hormones and hormone receptors related to urination.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.699-707
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Cheonggukjang powder made using black foods on liver function and lipid composition in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups and fed the following for 7 weeks; normal diet(control), STZ+normal diet(Diabetic), STZ+50% soybean Cheonggukjang supplementation(DSC), STZ+44.5% yakkong Cheonggukjang supplementation(DYC), and STZ+supplementation with 50% yakkong black food(black rice, black sesame seeds, and sea tangle) Cheonggukjang(DYCB). The results showed that the body weight gain and food efficiency ratio of the STZ-induced diabetic groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. In the Diabetic group, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activities and total bilirubin content in serum were significantly greater than those in the control group. However, supplementation with Cheonggukjang reduced these values. In the Diabetic group, the triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol contents in the serum and liver tissue, as well as the atherogenic index(AI) and cardiac risk factors(CRF) were significantly higher than the corresponding values in the control group, although the high-density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol and phospholipid contents were significantly lower than those in the control group. However, supplementation with Cheonggukjang normalized the changed lipid composition in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. Further, yakkong Cheonggukjang and black food contaning yakkong Cheonggukjang normalized AI and CRF.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.293-322
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• 1998

General Administrative Procedures of the Preshipment Inspection 1. Initial notification Preshipment Inspection is initiated by Agency when it receives notice either from the importing country, or the seller, that an export needs to be imspected 1.1 Notice from the importing country 1.2 Notice from the seller 2. Preliminary price verification After receipt of initial notification, Agency undertakes, Where possible, a preliminary price verification, based upon the Inspection Order and other contractual documents received. 3. Customs classification When required by the Government of the importing country. Agency forms an opinion of the Customs Classification Code based upon the Customs Tariff Book and Rules of Classification of the country of importation. The Customs Classification Code determines the tariff rate on the basis of which the importer will be required to pay import duties. 4. Import eligibility 5. Arrangements for physical inspection 5.1 Inspection request from seller 5.2 Place of inspection 5.3 Date of inspection 5.4 Physical inspection procedures 6. Physical inspection results When the physical inspection is completed, the inspector submits his report to the Agency office and the result of inspection will be communicated to the seller and, where applicable, the place of inspection. The result will state: satisfactory or conditional of unsatisfactory. The seller is welcome to present his views in writting to Agency in the event there is any query regarding the issuance of a conditional of unsatisfactory inspection result. 6.1 Satisfactory 6.2 Conditional 6.3 Unsatisfactory 7. Shipment of the goods The seller is advised to check with Agency prior to shipment if the physical inspection result has not been received or there are any doubts concerning whether a Clean Report of Findings will be issued. 8. Final price verification and classification Based on the results of physical inspection and appropriate final documents, Agency finalises the price verification and the Agency opinion of Customs classification code. When the preliminary price verification has not resulted in any unresolved questions and the inspection result and other documents received are consistent with the preliminary documentation, Agency will not normally require any additional information. The main exception would be if the terms of sale require reference to prices at the date of shipment. 9. The Report of Findings 9.1 Types of Reports of Findings - Clean Reports of Findings(CRF) The Agency will issue a Clean Reports of Findings(CRF), or equivalent document, normally within two working days after receipt of the necessary correct final documents and a satisfactory result in all aspects of the inspection. - Discrepancy Report.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.324-330
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• 2012

The aim of the present study was to assess the anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of bile salt hydrolase-producing Lactobacillus plantarum CIB 001 (KCTC 11717 bp) in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Four treatment groups of rats (n=5) were fed experimental diets: a normal diet (ND), a ND plus L. plantarum CIB 001(NDL) at $5.0-7.5{\times}10^9$ colony forming unit (CFU)/day, a high-cholesterol diet (HCD), as well as a HCD plus L. plantarum CIB 001 (HCDL) at $5.0-7.5{\times}10^9$ CFU/day for 6 weeks. Compared with the HCD group, the HCDL group demonstrated a decrease in serum triglyceride (p<0.05), total cholesterol (p<0.05), and the corresponding HDL-cholesterol concentration increased at a rate of 40% (p<0.05). The HCDL group also induced a decrease in liver inflammation and steatosis. The present results suggest that supplementation of L. plantarum CIB 001 can have short-term (6 weeks) effects on blood lipids and liver injury, as well as on the atherogenic index and cardiac risk factors.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.60-74
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effects of Gwibi-Tang(GBT) on the polycystic ovary(PCO) induced by estradiol valerate(EV) in rats. Methods: PCO was induced by single intramuscular injection with EV(4mg) in female rats. Normal group(n=8) were injected with sesame oil and orally administrated distilled water for eight weeks. PCO control group(n=8) were injected with EV and orally administrated distilled water for eight weeks. GBT treated group(n=8) were injected with EV and orally administrated GBT for eight weeks. Then we measured weight of body, ovaries, adrenal glands, and uterus of rats. The histopathology changes of ovaries were also evaluated. The expression of nerve growth factor(NGF) was analyzed in the central nervous system, adrenal glands and ovaries by immunohistochemistry. And also CRF expression in median eminance of Rats were analyzed. Results: 1. The weight(g) of rats in GBT treated group($275{\pm}14$) was significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with control group($253{\pm}8$), 2. The weight(mg) of ovaries in GBT treated group($75.8{\pm}16.7$) was significantly increased(p<0.001) compared with control group($37.4{\pm}6.7$). 3. The number of mature follicles in GBT treated group($3.6{\pm}1.2$) was significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with control group($1.5{\pm}1.5$. 4. The number of atretic follicles in GBT treated group($8.0{\pm}3.1$) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group($18.6{\pm}6.0$). 5. The number of cystic follicles in GBT treated group($0.5{\pm}0.5$) was significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with control group($2.3{\pm}1.3$). 6. The number of corpora lutea in GBT treated group($6.1{\pm}3.9$) was significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with control group($1.6{\pm}2.3$). 7. The expression of NGF-immunoreactive cells in the ovarian granulosa cells in GBT treated group was lesser observed than control group. Conclusion: From the above results, we concluded that Gwibi-Tang has inhibitory effect on the development of EV-induced polycystic ovary. And it's effect may be related with decreased NGF activities in the ovary.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the improvement effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the lipid component, protein and electrolyte concentration in dyslipidemic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (24 male) were divided into four groups, namely the ND (normal-nondyslipidemic diet), NT (normal-nondyslipidemic diet+5% turmeric), DD (control-dyslipidemic diet), and DT groups (dyslipidemic diet+5% turmeric). Rats were sacrificed at the end of 5 weeks after experiment diet. In this study, turmeric diet (NT, DT) groups in lipid composition as evidenced from the significantly reduction of serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), atherosclerotic index (AI), cardiac risk factor (CRF), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, blood glucose and non esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and elevation of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) (p<0.05). The serum globulin concentration was significantly decreased (p<0.05), and the albumin concentrations were increased in turmeric diet than dyslipidemic rats. Concentrations of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) in sera were lower in the DT group than DD group. Concentrations of total calcium (T-Ca), phosphorus (Pi) and potassium (K) in sera were higher in the ND, NT and DT groups than DD group. Therefore, it was concluded that the 5% turmeric diet used in the condition of this study had a beneficial effect on dyslipidemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.93-114
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• 2023

Information extraction can facilitate the intensive analysis of documents by providing semantic triples which consist of named entities and their relations recognized in the texts. However, most of the research so far has been carried out separately for named entity recognition and relation extraction as individual studies, and as a result, the effective performance evaluation of the entire information extraction systems was not performed properly. This paper introduces two models of end-to-end information extraction that can extract various entity names in clinical records and their relationships in the form of semantic triples, namely pipeline and joint models and compares their performances in depth. The pipeline model consists of an entity recognition sub-system based on bidirectional GRU-CRFs and a relation extraction module using multiple encoding scheme, whereas the joint model was implemented with a single bidirectional GRU-CRFs equipped with multi-head labeling method. In the experiments using i2b2/VA 2010, the performance of the pipeline model was 5.5% (F-measure) higher. In addition, through a comparative experiment with existing state-of-the-art systems using large-scale neural language models and manually constructed features, the objective performance level of the end-to-end models implemented in this paper could be identified properly.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.115-135
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of using deep learning language models to extract references automatically and create a reference database for research reports in an efficient manner. Unlike academic journals, research reports present difficulties in automatically extracting references due to variations in formatting across institutions. In this study, we addressed this issue by introducing the task of separating references from non-reference phrases, in addition to the commonly used metadata extraction task for reference extraction. The study employed datasets that included various types of references, such as those from research reports of a particular institution, academic journals, and a combination of academic journal references and non-reference texts. Two deep learning language models, namely RoBERTa+CRF and ChatGPT, were compared to evaluate their performance in automatic extraction. They were used to extract metadata, categorize data types, and separate original text. The research findings showed that the deep learning language models were highly effective, achieving maximum F1-scores of 95.41% for metadata extraction and 98.91% for categorization of data types and separation of the original text. These results provide valuable insights into the use of deep learning language models and different types of datasets for constructing reference databases for research reports including both reference and non-reference texts.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.333-337
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 개체명 인식과 언어 모델의 다중 학습을 이용한 한국어 개체명 인식 방법을 제안한다. 다중 학습은 1 개의 모델에서 2 개 이상의 작업을 동시에 분석하여 성능 향상을 기대할 수 있는 방법이지만, 이를 적용하기 위해서 말뭉치에 각 작업에 해당하는 태그가 부착되어야 하는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 추가적인 태그 부착 없이 정보를 획득할 수 있는 언어 모델을 개체명 인식 작업과 결합하여 성능 향상을 이루고자 한다. 또한 단순한 형태소 입력의 한계를 극복하기 위해 입력 표상을 자소 및 형태소 품사의 임베딩으로 확장하였다. 기계 학습 방법은 순차적 레이블링에서 높은 성능을 제공하는 Bi-directional LSTM CRF 모델을 사용하였고, 실험 결과 언어 모델이 개체명 인식의 오류를 효과적으로 개선함을 확인하였다.